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Anaerobic lagoons remove organic matter in the absence of oxygen and must be designed considering facultative or aerated lagoons, to continue with the treatment and at the same time re-oxygenate the wastewater. The purpose of this document is to determine two graphs to calculate the elimination of fecal coliforms in anaerobic lagoons. An application example is included with the traditional method adopted by the Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua y la Comisión Nacional del Agua, later the graphs previously prepared are used. The results show the same values calculated with the traditional criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Patología is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper two methods to design of channel mechanical connection are proposed, a simplified one and graphical alternative another, both using the numerical analysis for the study of the mechanical connection behavior. The developed simplified method considers temperatures defined through the thermal modelling of the push-out test in fire and it is coherent with the design expressions of the channel mechanical connections to ambient temperature, and the current formulation for the design of the stud connections al elevated temperatures. The proposed alternative graphical method constitutes an option that allows obtaining, in a direct and quick way, the resistance to elevated temperatures of the channel mechanical connections for a determined time of resistance to the fire, according to its resistance to ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Vivienda y Urbanismo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tests that are carried out to electric machines need of: taking of data, their prosecution and determination of their parameters or performances. All that you can automate, being more important if it is about repetitive processes. In this work the open circuit, short circuit and zero power factor tests of a synchronous machine were automated in what concerns to obtaining data for determines the generator performance relative to its voltage regulation utilizing Potier method. It utilizes a very simple hardware based on an acquisition card in orde to introduce them to a computer and by means of a software implemented in Matlab, to determine the regulation of voltage. In order to simplify the calculations, an analytic method is used instead of the known graphical method. The proposed method can be introduced in the Electric Machines Laboratories without changing the existent equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of three values of inoculation of the alternative culture of Bioyogur on the lactic acid fermentation kinetics during the incubation stage and on the acidity, flavor and texture development of a fermented milk from whole buffalo milk with an 8% sugar was studied. Defined the level of inoculation of the culture and that of flavoring by applying the Friedman test, the fermented milk was characterized in its compositional, sensory, microbiological and cell viability indicators of the probiotic. The shelf-life was determined by the graphical method using the Weibull distribution. It was concluded the possibility of obtaining from buffalo milk, 2.5% of Bioyogur 8% sugar, 0.15% orange emulsion, a product with adequate compositional, sensory and microbiological characteristics. The shelf life of the product packed in 400 mL polypropylene pots and stored at 4 °C was 18 days. The L acidophilus count was higher than the therapeutic minimum considered for probiotic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction- Among the heavy metals discharged on water sources the Chromium (VI) and Nickel (II) cause dangerous health effects. Objective- Optimize the effect of the initial concentration of pollutant, temperature and adsorbent dose using residues of the starch obtaining process from hawthorn yam (D. rotundata) in the removal of Chromium (VI) and Nickel (II). Method- The optimization was carried out by applying the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), performing the kinetic and equilibrium study to the optimal condition found, evaluating the fit of the kinetic data to the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models; those of isotherms to the models of Langmuir and Freundlich. The thermodynamic parameters- Gibbs free Energy (ΔG°), Enthalpy (ΔH°) and Entropy (ΔS°), were calculated using the Van't Hoff graphical method. Results- From the MSR it was found that the optimal conditions for Cr(VI) were 76.6 ° C, 0.14 g and 368.18 ppm, and for Ni (II) 70 °C, 1.19 g and 31.82 ppm. The maximum adsorption capacity was 66.25 mg/g Cr(VI) and 17.67 mg/g Ni(II). The pseudo-second order kinetic model adjusts the adsorption data of Cr(VI) and that of Elovich adjusts the Ni(II) data; on the other hand, the Freundlich isotherm model showed the best adjustment of the adsorption data of the ions under study. The values of ΔG°, ΔS°, and ΔH° established that the process for Cr(VI) is endothermic, not spontaneous, not favorable and reversible; for Ni (II) which is non-spontaneous, exothermic and controlled by physisorption. Conclusions- The residues of the hawthorn yam starch extraction process are an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) present in aqueous solution and the MSR yielded optimal values that serve as the basis for the scalability of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Botanica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the results of the graphic analysis carried out on its most representative example to determine its possible tracing strategy, the imperial staircase of the Royal Monastery of San Miguel de los Reyes (Valencia). With the support of a telemetric survey using a 3D laser scanner, it has been verified the existence of an accomplished graphical method of design. The research has considered the operations recommended by stonecutting manuscripts and the constructive tradition of its predecessors, the «honour» staircases of the Mediterranean noble houses. This has allowed to consolidate a useful strategy for the study of this constructive variant; validate the proposals of the treatise writers and confirm the validity of the Late- Medieval methods of shape control using directional curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multiple visualisation (MV) is a statistic graphical method barely applied in data analysis practice, even though it provides interesting features for this purpose. This paper: (1) describes the application of the MV graphical method; (2) presents a number of rules related to the design of an MV; (3) introduces a general outline for developing MVs and shows how MV may be implemented in the ViSta statistical system; (4) illustrates this strategy by means of an example of MV oriented to principal component analysis; and, finally, (5) discusses some limitations of using and developing MVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CULCyT: Cultura Científica y Tecnológica is the property of Cultura Cientifica y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influence of three inoculation values of the Lactobacillus acidophilus culture on the kinetics of lactic acid fermentation during the incubation stage and on the development of acidity, flavor and texture, of a milk fermented from buffalo whole milk with a 9 % sugar, was studied. Best results were achieving with an inoculation rate of 2.5 % and adding 0.03 % orange emulsion. The selected formulation was characterized in its compositional, sensory, microbiological and cell viability indicators of the probiotic. The durability estimation was performed by the graphical method using the Weibull distribution. It was concluded that the products showed adequate quality characteristics. The shelf life at 4 °C is 18 days. At this time the L acidophilus count was higher than the therapeutic minimum considered for probiotic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta de la Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola is the property of Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Blocking Contours are a graphical method. By means of this technique, the gear designer obtains the values of the correction coefficients, which meets the undercutting geometric constraints, contact ratio, interference and teeth pointing. This paper presents a mathematical model that allows non-interactive construction of blocking contour in the field of cylindrical external gears with asymmetric teeth. For this purpose, the equations defining the mentioned restrictions are modified and it is set the sequence in which they should be calculated. This makes possible the analytical use of the limits of blocking contour for establishing the dependence between the geometric parameters of these transmissions, thereby facilitating synthesis work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería is the property of Universidad Libre, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trichomycterus punctulatus is an endemic benthopelagic freshwater catfish found in the western systems of Peru; it is a predator and as such is a good integrator of ecological information. The information generated from this species will improve a better understanding of community structure and promote its conservation and management. Feeding habits of T. punctulatus were determined by analyzing the stomach contents of 127 individuals collected in two seasons: dry (August, 2010) and wet (May, 2011), in three sectors (6 sampling stations) of the Pisco river middle basin. Feeding items were set at the family level, and the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) and the Index of Numerical Importance (INI) were calculated. It was found out that T. punctulatus mainly consumes individuals from the Chironomidae, Hydropsychidae and Leptohyphidae families during the dry season; whereas in the wet season, it consumes individuals from the Chironomidae and Elmidae families. Using the linear food selection index (L), it was determined that T. punctulatus is not an active selector, being rather opportunistic. The graphical method of Cortés (1997), determined that the feeding strategy of T. punctulatus is a generalist. Finally with a Kruskal-Wallis analysis, it was determined that there are changes in feeding habits within basin sectors and among dry and wet seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: optometry teachers to assess students, accept a difference of ±0,50D in the retinoscopy but have not statistically evaluated, whether it is suitable for low and high ametropias.The objective of this study was to compare the interobserver agreement between optometry teachers and students in a study of static retinoscopy for high and low refractive errors. Methods: agreement study between 4 observers in 40 eyes, 20 with high and 20 with low refractive errors. Convenience non-probability sampling was performed. Statistical analysis performed with the intra-class correlation coefficient and graphical method of 95% limits of agreement. Results: concordance in spherical equivalent between four examiners was 0.78, 0.86 for low defects and 0.67 for high errors. Margin of error between teachers was ±0.87D and students ±3.15D. In low defects was ±0.61D for teachers and ±0.80D for students and in high defects ±1.10D and ±4.22D, respectively. Conclusions: retinoscopy reliability was higher among teachers. Teaching strategies should be formulated to allow a reduction in the obtained margins of error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agro Sur is the property of Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Matemática de la Universidad del Atlántico is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuban Journal of Biological Sciences / Revista Cubana de Ciencias Biológicas is the property of Cuban Journal of Biological Sciences / Revista Cubana de Ciencias Biologicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)