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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicación is the property of Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this investigation was to determine the genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Ochroma pyramidale (balsa) trees and their degree of root infection. Where studied six plantations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.5 and 7 years old, located in the central zone of the Ecuadorian Humid Tropic (EHT), in each of them three parcels of 500 m² were delimited. From each plot, 3 soil samples (approximately 1 kg) and rootlets at a depth between 0 - 15 cm were collected to determine the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. Isolation and identification of AMF at genus level and the estimation of mycorrhizal colonization was carried out by means of sieving methodology, wet decantation with centrifugation, and depigmentation – roots staining. Four genera of AMF were isolated and identified: Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, and Gigaspora, however, the genus Glomus predominated in the soil of all plantations. The populations were between 27 and 169 spores per 100 grams of dry soil. Four year old plantation contained he largest population, while other genera showed low representativeness in all ages. Low root mycorrhizal colonization was detected in the plantations balsa studied, with ranges from 0.28% to 0.65%, colonization rates lower than those reported for other woody species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Miradas is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo discurre sobre el fenómeno de la pérdida del estado clerical, cuando se remueve un miembro de su estatus en la iglesia católica. El autor comenta sobre el rescripto de la Sede Apostólica y examina el rol del Concilio Vaticano II en el desarrollo y la implementación de normas relacionadas con este tema.

Heritage speakers, that is, speakers of a language that is spoken since birth but becomes a non-dominant language over time, are classically an understudied group. However, in the field of linguistics, the subfield of heritage speakers is rapidly expanding. Specifically, the realization of grammatical gender in heritage languages has not been studied extensively until just recently. Previous research indicates that a significant difference exists between native and heritage speakers of Spanish (Montrul, 2014; Valenzuela et al., 2012); thus, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature of this growing subfield. In the present study, 43 Spanish-speaking participants were divided into groups depending on whether they were native or heritage speakers. Each of the participants carried out an Elicited Oral Production Task. Results demonstrate that heritage speakers tend to make significantly more gender errors than native speakers and that heritage speakers also utilize certain strategies, like self-correction, significantly more than native speakers in order to avoid committing these errors. Results from this study support the findings in previous research, which indicate that heritage speakers are not native-like in their realization of grammatical gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educade: Spanish Journal of Accounting, Finance & Management Education / Revista de Educación en Contabilidad, Finanzas y Administración de Empresas is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the present work was to determine the incidence of 12 viruses present in the two pepper-producing regions of the State of Chihuahua. A total of 203 symptomatic leaf samples were collected in 10 sites of the South-Central and North regions and tested by DASELISA, using virus-specific polyclonal antibodies. The incidence and severity of the viral infections were higher in the North region. CMV, TMV, AMV, TEV, TBSV, PMMoV, PVY and PepMV were detected in the South-Central region, while in the North region TRSV, TBSV, INSV, TEV, CMV, TMV PVY, TSWV and ToRSV were detected. Five of the detected viruses were common in both regions. CMV and TMV were predominant in the South-Central region, while TRSV and TBSV were the most frequent in the North region. Over 44% and 78% of the positive samples in the South-Central and the North regions respectively consisted of mixed infections. This is the first study that reports 12 viruses and multiple infections in pepper of Chihuahua State and the first in reporting TBSV in pepper in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the advantages of industry-focused versus general models to better predict corporate failure. The results confirm that profitability, stock turnover, leverage, liquidity, size, business growth, age, and general economic conditions are determinants of the failure, but there are differences between industries. In addition, it is found that a specific model estimation has similar predictive power than a general one in the construction industry, while that is not the case in the real estate industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta las opiniones del autor sobre el problema de la migración irregular se enfrentan los países mediterráneos en el siglo XX debido al movimiento continuo de los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo. Los diversos temas tratados incluyen las políticas introducidas por el detrimento de los derechos humanos, la asistencia para proteger los derechos de los refugiados y los derechos de soberanía iniciadas por la UE.

Copyright of Redes is the property of Redes-Revista Hispana para el Analisis de Redes Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Redes is the property of Redes-Revista Hispana para el Analisis de Redes Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work we emphasize the application of marker assisted-selection (MAS) strategies in bean breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The inclusion of resistance genes within a particular geographical area is a traditional breeding method, but generally of short durability since few genes with total effectiveness to one or few races or avirulence genes are managed. Thus, new genes must be continuously included in breeding programs. The combination of different resistance genes to stress based on few crosses and filial generations under evaluation will provide a stable and durable resistance. In common bean, this resistance will be achieved by using strategies such as gene pyramiding which could be more effective as long as MAS is used in combination with traditional breeding. This will allow a fast and effective breeding of major quantitative trait loci in common bean. Molecular markers offer in the short term, support for development of new common bean cultivars in Mexico with durable resistance to diseases and other adverse stresses; they are also less laborious and cheaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of 73 experimental lines and ten soybean cultivars (four from Mexico and six from abroad) to a highly virulent isolate of Macrophomina phaseolina was evaluated in vitro (seed) and in the greenhouse (seedling), under irrigated drought-stress conditions in order to identify resistant germplasm to the fungus. Thirty seeds of each genotype were cultivated for five days in Petri dishes with cultures of M. phaseolina. The germplasm was established in the greenhouse using a split-split factorial arrangement, where the large plots were two humidity levels (irrigated: irrigation each third day; and drought stress: only one irrigation at sowing); intermediate plots corresponded to M. phaseolina levels (inoculated and control), and small plots were assigned to the 83 soybean genotypes. Mexican experimental lines H86-5030 and H98-1552, as well as Mexican cultivar Suaqui-86 were moderately resistant to M. phaseolina in vitro and under greenhouse conditions, while 96.5% of the soybean germplasm evaluated was susceptible in vitro and 85% under greenhouse conditions. In greenhouse, drought stress increased M. phaseolina infections and reduced seedling dry weight. The inoculation with M. phaseolina also reduced soybean growth and aggravated drought stress effects based on biomass accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este documento se hace un breve recuento de la evolución de la matrícula de educación superior en México desde 1950 hasta el 2000. En ese recorrido son ubicados y examinados algunos factores que condicionan su comportamiento, por autores tales como Rollin Kent y Rosalba Ramírez, Javier Mendoza Rojas, el equipo de investigadores del CAPFCE y, principalmente, del grupo de profesionistas especializado en análisis de los mercados laborales y en Economía de la Educación, promovidos por ANUIES. Estos enfoques permiten observar y diagnosticar cómo la política educativa instrumentada orienta, en última instancia, el crecimiento de la matrícula de educación superior; sin embargo, es la economía la que determina si crecen o disminuyen los puestos de trabajo y los salarios para los egresados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to correlate physical and emotional work overload in 120 caregivers of elderly patients with its plasma and urine serotonin excretion; 95% of them were female and 5% male, with an average age of 45 years old. We applied the Zarit scale in caregivers in order to measure work overload and the 90 symptoms questionnaire for depression assessment. Mean values of serum and urinary serotonin were 75.27 ng/mL and 77.40 ng/day, respectively; 49.16% of caregivers showed severe overload; 41.6% had serum serotonin values at the lower limit of reference range: 80-450 ng/mL. There was not a significant difference between work overload and serotonin concentrations; however there was some correlation between serotonin and depression index, although this correlation was low (rho 0,382, p > 0.0001). The observed depression index indicates that the caretakers did not suffer this disease. It is concluded that caretakers suffer severe job overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: La vulnerabilidad a los episodios bipolares desencadenados por el parto se agrupa en las familias y podría definir un subtipo de trastorno bipolar genéticamente relevante. Los autores realizaron una búsqueda de locus que influyeran en la vulnerabilidad a la psicosis puerperal maníaco-depresiva mediante un análisis de ligamiento del genoma completo. Método: Los autores seleccionaron familias con trastorno bipolar, a partir de su anterior análisis de ligamiento del trastorno bipolar, en las que hubiera al menos un miembro de la familia con un episodio maníaco o psicótico con inicio en las 6 semanas posteriores al parto. Los participantes se codificaron como afectados si se les había diagnosticado un trastorno bipolar de tipo I, un trastorno bipolar de tipo II o un trastorno esquizoafectivo de tipo bipolar según el DSM-IV. Un total de 36 árboles genealógicos contribuyeron con 54 pares de hermanos afectados a la cohorte. Se utilizaron GENEHUNTER y MAPMAKER/SIBS para realizar un análisis genómico con 494 marcadores microsatélite. Resultados: Se observó una señal significativa de ligamiento genómico en el cromosoma 16p13, y un ligamiento genómico sugestivo en el cromosoma 8q24. En nuestro anterior análisis de ligamiento del trastorno bipolar no observamos ligamientos significativos ni sugestivos. Conclusiones: Este estudio identificó regiones cromosómicas que probablemente albergan genes que predisponen a las mujeres a sufrir psicosis puerperal maníaco-depresiva. La identificación de genes de vulnerabilidad mejoraría nuestra comprensión de la patogenia de la enfermedad y proporcionaría la posibilidad de mejorar su tratamiento y la predicción de riesgos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research was developed during 2003 - 2004 at an avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchard cv. Hass grafted on Mexicola rootstock. The orchard was located in the Vth Region of Chile (32°53′ lat. S; 71°16′ long. W). The orchard was under optimal water and nutritional condition. Several experiences were carried out to optimize midday stem water potential (Ψxmin) measurements, effected by means of pressure chamber techniques: effect of vapor pressure deficit (DVP), leaf age, time of equilibrium of leaf and stem water potential after leaf envelopment, minimum time between leaf detachment and stem water potential measurement in the pressure chamber, leaf location on the tree and the effect of high humidity conditions on detached leaves prior to measurements. The results showed that in avocado trees Ψxmin were stable between 12:30 and 17:30 h. The less variability of measurements was obtained using 10 to 12 months old leaves, under exposure to sunlight. The pressure chamber measurements should be carried out 15 min after the leaf was enveloped. Ψx should be measured no longer than 1 min after the leaf is detached from the tree; however, this time could be longer if the leaves are kept in high humidity conditions before measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]