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Feeding in livestock production plays a fundamental role, taking into account that it is a source of obtaining nutrients for the animal, to be able to develop its daily biological activities and also to be able to physiologically transform them into the different products of interest in livestock activities. The basis of the diet of bovines in tropical countries are grazing grasses, which are characterized by providing a nutrient base for the animal. Thanks to their resistance, grasses have historically been the main source of bovine food, but their quality must be worked on to optimize the results in productive exercises, and they must also make efforts to guarantee their constant availability, mainly in times of scarcity, for which should promote storage strategies such as haymaking. Additionally, management methods that allow quality forage alternatives such as silvopastoral systems should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cool season annual forage grasses biomass production and derived meat production can be affected if they are not fertilized. Based on biomass production from different levels of nitrogen fertilization it is proposed to carry out an economic analysis from different methodological approaches, linked to each other. First, the effect on implantation cost and on the unit cost (CU) of dry matter was assessed. The economic gain was calculated for additional meat production, and finally a threshold was established of an input-output relationship (RIP) indicator looking for the feasibility of fertilizing with economic criteria. Production data from a trial carried out at Anguil, La Pampa, including 9 cultivars of 4 species and with 3 levels of fertilization were used for economic analysis carried out based on the evolution of prices within three periods of a 10-years long series. Relative prices and implantation costs of each period influence the CU of the forage production. The economic viability of fertilization is reached when the initial productivity is lower and the response to fertilizer is higher. The agronomic efficiency is higher than the RIP for 70 to 80 % of the treatments, so it is feasible to fertilize with economic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Taura River basin is made up of the river of the same name, which, with a length of 1,962 km², reaches the sea, flowing through the Gulf of Guayaquil into the Pacific Ocean, on the coast of Ecuador. Said basin houses a large human development that to a greater or lesser degree could affect the flora of the sector. The objective of this research was to record the Floristic Composition of said basin, floristically characterizing its estuaries and banks, in order to contribute to the floristic knowledge of the Gulf of Guayaquil of the largest in South America. For which eleven stations were established along the riverbank of the basin, with mangrove ecosystems; and formations of lacustrine grasslands of lowlands of tropical dry forest, in which the plant species present were evaluated, based on a population estimate, while the abundance of the herbaceous stratum was evaluated based on the area of its coverage with respect to 100 m². The monitoring was carried out both in the rainy regime and without it during the years 2006, 2012, 2018, 2020. A total of 42 species, 37 genera and 23 families were recorded in the eleven sampled stations. 55% are monocots, 40% eudicots and 5% ferns. In Monocotyledons, the Poaceae family is mostly represented with 12 species. The phytocoenosis in the Taura river basin has been influenced by the season of more or less precipitation within the same year, characterized mainly by the plant communities of riverine forest (BR) and herbaceous scrub (MH) and mangrove hydrophilic forest. (BH-M). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focused on the implementation of different species to evaluate their efficiency in soils disturbed by clay mining. A part of the land was taken and a physical-chemical and microbiological characterization was made to know the conditions of the soil under study before applying the species, then it was divided into four plots of equal measures, of 1.5x1 m, one control and three in which we applied the respective species, this with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of the interaction of the species in the soil contaminated by mining. This study revealed the great capacity of grasses (Maize, star grass and brachiaria grass), and Fabaceae (Yaguaro and Acacia Riparia Kunth), to provide organic materials and nutrients that allowed the evaluation of the efficiency or reactivation of the contaminated soils. It should be noted that the one with the highest efficiency was plot three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bamboos belong to the grass family (or Poaceae). There are 1698 bamboo species distributed around the world in tropical, subtropical and temperate jungles and forests. In our country, there are five native genera that comprise 23 species. The least known characteristic of the woody bamboos is their flowering phenology. Four main types of flowering pafferns have been described. However, the most interesting are those bamboo species that show a massive and cyclical flowering pattern, after a long period of vegetative growth. Such mass flowering events occur at roughly regular intervals and are followed by the death of the flowering individuals. The goal of this review is to provide an informative sample of the current knowledge of bamboo flowering, with an emphasis on the species native to Argentina. Currently, the approximate duration of the life cycle of most woody bamboo species in our country is known, based on a review of the collections of the most important national and international herbaria and an extensive bibliographic search. In most species, the average life cycles are multiples of 15-16 years, with a 30-year cycle being the most common. The main hypotheses about the evolutionary forces that led bamboos to flower, seed and die synchronously are described. Likewise, environmental, genetic factors and the combination of both proposed as possible 'causes' of this atypical flowering pattern of bamboos are discussed. Finally, environmental and social consequences of this phenomenon are listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reintroduction of fossorial mammals could be limited by the availability of satellite burrows that provide refuge from predators while foraging away from their permanent burrows, and by availability of short grasses. In order to generate information to assist in the reintroduction of vizcachas (Lagostomus maximus), we asked: 1) what type of satellite burrow do they accept based on burrow complexity, entrance size and distance from permanent burrows?, and 2) how did the provision of burrows and mowing affect their foraging range? We carried out the study in the Sierras of Cordoba, Argentina, with 13 vizcachas transferred to two adaptation pens equipped with permanent burrows. We mowed part of the vegetation around the pens and we dug 14 satellite burrows of two types: simple with only a tunnel, and complex with a tunnel and underground chamber. Burrows were situated between 1 and 16 m from the pens. For six months we evaluated satellite burrow occupancy. We also counted feces, estimated bare soil, and height of the vegetation in 15-m-long transects originating in the entrances of highly used burrows, which were distributed in two sectors. Occupancy was 2 and 67% for simple and complex satellite burrows, respectively, and was negatively related to burrow entrance size. There was no relationship between burrow occupancy and distance to adaptation pens. Transect sampling showed that 91% of the pellets were within 4 m of the pens or satellite burrows, and that they preferred cut to uncut grass. We conclude that building complex satellite burrows and mowing vegetation will increase secure foraging range for translocated vizcachas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The invasion of natural ecosystems by alien species represents a major concern in the context of global conservation. In the fields of Teyú Cuaré, in the department of San Ignacio, Misiones, there is a high level of endemism with at least eight species of microendemic vascular plants. These grasslands are considered the only Cerrado fragments present in Argentina and are being invaded by Melinis minutiflora (Poaceae). The aim of this work was to evaluate how this adventitious grass affects the composition and diversity of the vegetation, and to determine the progress in the period 2015-2017. M&M: To measure the impact, the vegetation was sampled using 25 random plots of 1x1m in areas with and without invasion. Phytosociological parameters and diversity indices were calculated. For the measurement of progress, perimeter walks were carried out with GPS. Results: We found that areas free of this exotic grass had a higher total number of species (81), and a higher number of species exclusively present only in these sites (51). The area analysis showed an increase from approximately 9,744 m² to 23,396 m². Conclusions: Our results indicate that the advance of M. minutiflora populations is vertiginous and that it exerts a significant pressure on grassland structure and diversity by occupying the ecological niche of native herbs and subshrubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To study the agronomic behavior when grazing outstanding materials of Tithonia diversifolia, this research was carried out for three years (2016, 2017 and 2018). Material and methods. The experiment was designed and processed using a randomized block design with four repetitions, where the treatments were four outstanding Tithonia diversifolia materials called: IcaCuba Oc-10, IcaCuba Oc-23, IcaCuba Oc-24 and IcaCuba Oc-25 associated with Cynodon dactylon. The research was carried out without fertilization or irrigation. Results. The information analyzed corresponds to the rainy, dry and total periods. In the rainy season, the Oc-25 material reached higher height and lower leaf yield, Oc-23 has a lower number of regrowth and lower height of the grass lawn. Grass yield was lower for Oc-23 and Oc-25 materials, with less presence of the species for Oc-25. The lowest height of the tithonia plant was for Oc-24 without differing from Oc-10 and Oc-23, but with higher leaf yield. The height of the grass lawn reached its highest value for Oc-10 and the highest presence of the species. In the dry season Oc-24 had lower height and Oc-25 higher. The highest yield of tithonia leaf was for Oc-24 and Oc-25, with lower grass yield and presence for the Oc-25 material. The highest yield was obtained in Oc-10, followed by Oc-24 and the highest presence of the grass was in Oc-10 and Oc-23. The height of the grass grass presented the highest values for Oc-10 and Oc-24 and the lowest for Oc-23. In the annual accumulated, the lowest leaf production was in the material Oc-25. While the highest grass yield was found for Oc-10 followed by Oc-24. Conclusions. All the tithonia materials evaluated under grazing (IcaCuba Oc-10, IcaCuba Oc-23, IcaCuba Oc-24 and IcaCuba Oc-25) had an integrally good behavior, as well as stability of the tithonia-grass system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aristida diego-santiagoii (Poaceae), a new species from southern Peru, is described and illustrated. A. diego-santiagoii is related to A. minutiflora due to the perennial life cycle, anthers longer than 2 mm, and laterally compressed lemma; it is distinguished by the longer, acute glumes, smaller ligule, and non-distichous growth. A complete description, a line illustration, and photographs of the new species are included, together with a key to related species with laterally compressed lemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bromatological analysis of pastures takes on great importance because these are the main source of food for livestock systems in Norte de Santander and in general in the country. The aim of this study was to carry out a bromatological characterization of pastures in six municipalities of Norte de Santander and thus know the productive potential of the department. Ten forage species with average ages between 29 and 47 days were evaluated to determine if there were differences in the nutritional composition of these forage species in the six municipalities of interest. Crude protein, ethereal extract, ash, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, FDN, FDA, macro and micronutrient content and energy assessment were evaluated. It was found that the forage species and the municipality where they develop, influence the vast majority of the nutritional quality parameters evaluated. Kikuyo grass presented the highest averages for PC (12.84 %) and ash (11.96 %), Maralfalfa grass presented the highest average values of energy (ENL = 1338.66 kcal / kg, ENM = 1434 kcal / kg and ENG = 713.66 kcal / kg) and in relation to the municipality, Pamplona presented the highest mean values of PC (12.84%) and ash (11.96%) and Chinácota presented the highest average values for energy (ENL = 1390.03 kcal/kg, ENM = 1495 kcal/kg and ENG = 774.38 kcal/kg). It was possible to recognize the values of nutritional quality, energy contents, macro and micronutrient contents associated with the predominant pastures in the 210 farms of the six municipalities of Norte de Santander, finding that the vast majority of bromatological variables of the pastures are influenced by the type of species and the area where they develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Test the effect of wet extrusion and the application of two alkaline compounds on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and neutral detergent fiber (IVDNDF) of maralfalfa grass. Materials and methods. 48 samples of 51 days of regrowth were chopped and assigned to eight treatments: raw, chopped, and dehydrated grass (CTRL); raw, chopped, and extruded grass (EXTR); EXTR treated with 0.45, 0.90, and 1.35% of lime (Ca(OH)2) or urea for 21 days in micro-silos under aerobic conditions (EXTR0.45Ca, EXTR0.90Ca, EXTR1.35Ca, EXTR0.45U, EXTR0.90U, and EXTR1.35U, respectively). The content of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and NDF (IVDNDF) were determined for each sample. Results. The EXTR presented lower N content, higher NDF content, and higher IVDNDF than the CTRL. On the other hand, the EXTR1.35Ca treatment showed the highest Ca concentration and the highest IVDDM and IVDNDF, while the EXTR0.90U treatment presented the highest N concentration and an IVDNDF statistically similar to that of the EXTR1.35Ca. Conclusions. The wet extrusion of maralfalfa grass alone increases IVDNDF; however, IVDDM and IVDNDF are maximized when treated with 1.35% of Ca(OH)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the floristic composition and nutritional quality of a meadow used for grazing of hair sheep under the agroecological conditions of the dry Colombian Caribbean. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the Motilonia Research Center, of the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research AGROSAVIA. Curves of species accumulation and abundance range were made for the data analysis through the statistical program Qeco, as well as the Student's t-test for independent samples with Infostat. Results: Thirteen plant species were recorded in the meadow, 12 were identified at species level and one at genus level. The representation, in terms of family was given by Poaceae (30,8 %), Fabaceae (30,8 %), Cyperaceae (7,7 %), Boraginacea (7,7 %), Portulacaceae (7,7 %), Apocynaceae (7,7 %), and Amaranthaceae (7,7 %). The floristic composition in the entire meadow (control transect) was different, in terms of number of species with regards to the feeding sites of the flock (p = 0,0249). This proves that the animal made a preliminary selection of the forage. Conclusions: Thirteen plant species were recorded in the meadow and 12 were identified at species level. In this study, the applied methodology for the determination of the floristic composition of the meadow, with the use of the transects and the cross, was accurate for the identification of the dominant species in the enclosed pastures versus those that were most visited by the animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of INIAP 811 grass and Tithonia diversifolia in five proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 respectively on dry basis), on the bromatological composition, in vitro digestibility and in vitro gas production in the dry season. The treatments were T1= 100% grass INIAP 811; T2= 75% INAP 811 grass and 25% T. diversifolia; T3= 50% INAP 811 grass and 50% T. diversifolia; T4= 25% INAP 811 grass and 75% T. diversifolia and T5= 100% T. diversifolia. The variables for the bromatological composition: dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). For in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). In vitro gas production from dry matter (B) and gas production rate (C). The best (p<0.05) DM was reported by T1 (90.18%), OM, CP, NDF and ADF were recorded by T5 (90.18; 22.19; 48.11 and 32.24%). respectively). The highest (p<0.05) IVDMD, NDF and ADF was reported by T5 (70.00, 65.77 and 44.69%, respectively). The lowest (B) (p<0.05) was reported by T5 (204.05 mL gas) and the highest (c) (0.050% h). The inclusion of Tithonia diversifolia influenced the bromatological composition, digestibility and in vitro gas production, noting a greater efficiency of this forage as the evaluated proportions increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The importance of physicals properties of soil has an appreciable influence on their functions, water quality, climate control, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity, among others. These provide more ecosystem functions than just the nutritional contribution to agricultural production. Currently, the soil is under management pressure to the food production energy and raw material, which has led to its physical deterioration and degradation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of bulk density and soil aggregate size silvopastoral systems (from tropical dry forest pastures) on the growth of guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Mombasa. To this end, two separate experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions, by establishing increasing values of each variable through exerting mechanical forces (bulk density: 0.93-1.80 Mg m-3) and sieved (average size of aggregates: 0.125-7.15 mm) and then grass seeds were sown and allowed to grow for 30 days. Two functional models are found which relate the biomass of grass roots with the value of bulk density and with the average size of soil aggregates. It is concluded that for both variables, quadratic regression models are detected, namely, of optimal point; being these optimal values for the apparent density of 1.0 Mg m-3 and of aggregate size of 1.5-2.0 mm. These parameters could be used as physical indicators in the diagnosis of soil health in the Rio Sinú Valley region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zea mays L. var. canteño (Poaceae) "maíz morado" has a high nutricional quality and is grown in nutrient-deficient soils. In these conditions, microorganisms such as Rhizophagus irregularis act as fertilizers. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and mycorrhization of purple corn inoculated with R. irregularis. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions using sand and moss as substrate and La Molina nutrient solution. Treatments were 0; 1; 2; 3,5; 5 and 8 g of R. irregularis inoculum. Shoot length, root length and mycorrhization were evaluated at 28, 35 and 42 days of treatment. It was found that inoculation with different inoculum quantities induced significant differences in mycorrhization, shoot length and root length. Treatment with 2g increased mycorrhization, shoot length and root length at 42 days. Correlation analysis demonstrated correlation between inoculum quantity, mycorrhization and root length. It is concluded that R. irregularis produces an increase in mycorrhization percentage, shoot length and root length in purple corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity is a serious problem that affects Zea mays L. (Poaceae) productivity. The objective of this research was to quantify proline in roots and leaves of Z. mays L. var. canteño treated with Rhizophagus irregularis and 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl. 7-day-old plantlets of Z. mays L. var. canteño were sown in a mixture of sand and moss and then inoculated with R. irregularis. The plants were watered to field capacity with the saline solutions for 60 days. Then, the leaf and root proline contents and mycorrhization percentage were determined. Significant differences were found in leaf and roots proline levels in purple corn. In roots, the proline content increased with NaCl concentration without significant differences in regards to R. irregularis inoculation. In leaves, proline was induced by NaCl, while the inoculation with R. irregularis decreased the proline levels in NaCl concentration of 25, 50 y 100mM. In conclusion, the amount of leaf and root proline in Z. mays L. var. canteño showed significant changes in plants inoculated with R. irregularis and treated with 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In traditional row and strip cowpea-sorghum intercropping systems, cowpea forage yield reduces significantly due to intense competition and dominance of sorghum in acquiring growth resources. This field study evaluated novel mixed strip intercropping systems of forage cowpea and sorghum having different number of crops rows arranged under different spatial arrangements. Cowpea was intercropped with sorghum in 8, 12 and 16 rows strips with row-row spacing of 30, 45 and 60 cm. In each strip, equal number of rows of cowpea and sorghum were maintained. Factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design with three replicates was used to execute the field trials during summer seasons of 2013 and 2014. Strips having 12 rows and 60 cm rowrow spacing positively affected all agronomic variables of cowpea which led to maximum forage yield (22.2 and 23.7 t ha-1 during 2013 and 2014 respectively) and dry matter biomass (6.63 and 6.94 t ha-1 during 2013 and 2014 respectively). In contrast, 8-rows strips having line spacing of 30 cm outperformed other intercropping systems by yielding the maximum herbage yield and dry matter biomass of sorghum. The intercropping system comprising of 12-rows strips with 60 cm row-row spacing remained superior in recording the maximum crude protein, fats and total ash along with the minimum fiber content of cowpea. In addition, this intercropping system under rest of spatial arrangements also remained unmatched, while 16-rows strips under all planting geometries remained inferior to other intercropping systems. Thus, cowpea intercropping with sorghum in 12-rows strips having 60 cm spacing offers biologically viable solution to improve biomass and forage quality of cowpea in intercropping with sorghum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Twelve breeding sheep of the Pelibuey breed were used to determine the behavior in a low tree density silvopastoral system. They were divided into two groups according to their physiological status: pregnant and lactating. They grazing in the rainy and dry season, in two paddocks of natural pastures and the presence of natural shade with Casuarina esquiselifolia and Samanea saman trees. The time in the grazing behavior activities was recorded, according to the day's session and the period. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2x2x2) was used, two groups (pregnant and lactating), two sessions a day (morning and afternoon) and two periods (rainy and dry). The behavior of the sheep in the low tree density silvopastoral system was not affected by the interactions of physiological condition of the animals, grazing time and season. There was also no effect due to the physiological conditions of the animals. The behavioral activities were influenced by the session of the day and the season. Sheep spent more time ruminating in the shade in the afternoon and resting in the sun in the morning. Greater use of grazing time was found in the dry season, while both rumination and rest in the shade were more preferred in the rainy season. The silvopastoral system produced favorable changes in the behavioral patterns of the sheep, to adapt the consumption of pasture, rest and rumination, to the restricted grazing that they were subjected and to the environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-- In agro-ecosystems, arvenses contribute positively and negatively to ecological and conservation processes of soil, environment, crops and in the competition for resources such as nutrients, water, space and light. Objective-- The objective of the research was to characterize the arvense flora in the upper at the taxonomic and wealth level, within the agricultural use of soils (municipality of Gachantivá) and Bajo Ricaurte (municipality of Chitaraque) in the province of Ricaurte in the department of Boyacá (Colombia). Methodology-- A characterization of weeds species was carried out at the level of 15 farms in each municipality, where a PVC table measuring 1 × 1 = 1 m2 was used to make a random identification of weeds flora in both richness and coverage in two 0.5 ha plots. Results-- A high of richness of weed was found within the farms, with 63 species and 30 families in the municipality of Chitaraque and 40 species and 16 families in Gachantivá, for a total of 103 species within the characterized zone, 8 species coincide in the two municipalities; finding more diversity on the farms of Chitaraque. Conclusions-- In Chitaraque Poaceae and Asteraceae families predominated, prevailing arvenses like "helecho gallina", brachiaria, "pate gallina" grass, "dormidera" and "tote" given its percentage of coverage within the lots. In Gachancipa the families with the largest coverage and total species were Poaceae with 10 species and a general coverage of 48.16%, followed by Cyperaceae and Asteraceae, predominating kikuyo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alteration of the composition and structure of natural vegetation allows the invasion of species. This occurs with Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum x Pteridium esculentum subsp. campestre, which due to its growth by asexual reproduction and allelopathic effect, can quickly colonize disturbed habitat inhibiting natural succession, allowing herbaceous species to dominate and reducing tree species diversity. Objective: Evaluate the vegetation associated with the bracken P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum x P. esculentum subsp. campestre distributed in the area called Golconda, in the Yariguíes National Park, Colombia. Methods: 15 plots of 25 m2 each were established; in each plot the vegetation composition and physiognomy were registered [growth forms, height (m) as well as vegetation cover (m2), diameter at breast height (DBH) for all trees and species abundance]; diversity probability indexes (Shannon and Simpson), percentage of species and abundance of growth forms, IVI for tree and shrub species, IVR for herbs, and the sampling effort were estimated. Results: 924 individuals belonging to 65 species were registered; they were distributed in 24 families; the richest taxa are: Melastomataceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae, which are considered frequent in disturbed areas. The areas dominated by ferns are botanically diverse, despite the dominance of species such as Ageratina cf. fastigiata, Tibouchina lindeniana, Clethra fagifolia, Coccocypselum lanceolatum and Clidemia ciliata; 30 woody and 21 herbaceous species were identified. Conclusions: Given that pioneer woody species and taxa from preserved areas of forest interiors subserve succession, this study contributes to a reevaluation of P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum x P. esculentum subsp. campestre as an inhibitor and cause of a decrease in diversity due to its dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to characterize the sheep feeding systems and food resources in 26 sheep production units (UP) of 13 municipalities of Córdoba, Colombia. The information was collected semi-structured surveys. The questionnaire included these topics: a) Geographical location of the UP, b) Characteristics of infrastructure and animal component, c) Animal management and productive control, d) Nutritional composition of feeds, e) Characterization of the diets used and, f) Feeding management. The indicators were analyzed by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Most of the UP were extensive with a predominance of bovine and sheep herds (84.6%), use of various sheep breeds (61.1%), verification of colostrum consumption (88%), use Botrhriocloa pertusa in continuous grazing (69.2%) and supplementation of animals (53.9%). The cluster analysis produced two groups of farms (G1, G2), the G1 with 3 UP and, herds with more than 400 sheep. G2 with 23 UP with less than 100 sheep. In both groups the grazing was predominantly continuous with supplementation, highlighting a good structure of the herds. It is concluded, that in Córdoba, sheep production is based on grazing in transition from a medium to semi-intensive technological level; as Colombian national production, with inadequate food management and opportunities for improvement due to the availability of good quality food resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of the forages to recover from being cut, allows to design management strategies, therefore different recovery periods in the dry and rainy season were evaluated in Vicia sativa L., Avena sativa L., Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L., Medicago sativa L., y Dactylis glomerata L. in Boyacá (2.700 masl) in a completely random design, with a 4 x 6 factorial arrangement that corresponded to four recovery periods (25, 30, 35 and 40 days) and six forages. The variables evaluated were production of dry matter (MS), height, nutritional quality, and availability of N, Ca and P in the soil at the beginning and end of the test. The data was analyzed with Anova and the Tukey test (P 0,05). It was observed that forage production (DM) differed in all species between recovery periods and protein content only in forage oats, the other variables did not change statistically. It is concluded that the optimal cutting time is 40 days for red clover, Vicia and oats, 35 days for white clover and 30 days for cocksfoot and alfalfa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper deal with the analyses of the information obtained in Cuba related to the influence of climatic factors on the production and quality of grasses and forages. The results showed that: the species within the genus and varieties showed a particular and specific response to climatic factors; the same variety of grass responded differently in both seasons of the year; minimum temperatures lower than 15 ºC and maximum lower than 27 ºC, as well as the number rainy days, had a marked effect; the models between yield and quality with the elements of the climate had high complexity and when comparing Pennisetum purpureum (as an experimental model) it showed higher height and lower yield in the 2000s compared to the ´60s. The results showed the specific response of each grass against the climate indicators, like the mathematical models that relate it, as well as the change that the climate has undergone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To characterize morphological and reproductive aspects of Chascolytrum subaristatum (Lam.) Desv., in the Entre Ríos province, Argentina. Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis was carried out of two observation periods, in which the inflorescences and seeds of Ch. Subaristatum were attended. In March, 2016, caryopses collected the previous year were planted. At the beginning of spring, 10 plants were evaluated during 2016 and 2017. he beginning of flowering, maturity and harvest moment, number of inflorescences, nodes and paracladia, and number of spikelets, were recorded. In addition, the weight, moisture and germination of anthecia with caryopses, were determined. The results between harvests, relative to the number of nodes and anthecia, were compared through the mean difference test for independent samples. The chi square test was applied for the homogeneity of proportions. Results: The structural morphology of the inflorescence in both years showed low variability. The percentage of inflorescences increased 37 % in the second year with regards to the first. The results of weight, moisture and germination of the caryopses showed significant differences between the harvest years (p ≤ 0,05). Non-deep physiological dormancy was observed, which was overcome after dry storage. Conclusions: Regarding the relation of the inflorescence with the productive aspects, harvest and seed quality, to manage the grassland appropriately, and to avoid grazing at the moment of development of the reproductive tillers, is suggested. In the Entre Ríos region, seed production is possible, and varies according to the conformation of the inflorescence, plant age and harvest year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This report provides new data about the geographical distribution of some native species from nothern Argentina as Colletia spinosissima (Rhamnaceae), Pterocaulon balansae (Asteraceae) and Saccharum trinii (Poaceae). Based on the analysis of collection records, bibliographic records and on-line databases, the orographic System of Tandilia (also called "Sierras Septentrionales de Buenos Aires") is established as the southern limit of their range. We propose some possible causes of the presence of peripheral populations of these three species in this hilly system, such us climate change, anthropogenic factors and methodological absences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Pollen grains represent one of the main biological pollutants in the air causing allergies in the population. To know the biological quality of the air and how it varies throughout the year, is essential to implement therapeutic and preventive measures. It was proposed: 1) to determine the allergenic potential of the atmospheric pollen spectrum of the city of Mar del Plata, 2) to elaborate a pollen calendar with the most allergenic taxa, and 3) to establish pollen stations that allow to identify the periods with greater incidence of pollen, recognizing the main allergenic contributors. M&M: Aerobiological monitoring was carried out for one year with a volumetric and continuous aerobiological sampler. Results: The average daily concentrations totaled 12742 grains. Fifty pollen types were recorded; 30 were allergenic (21 arboreal and 9 herbaceous). The taxa with a moderate or high allergenicity were: Cupressaceae, Poaceae, Cedrus and Platanus with more than 5% per year, and Acer, Urticaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Populus, Ulmus and Fraxinus with values between 2 and 5%. Also Ambrosia and Artemisia that are highly allergenic, all were included in a pollen calendar to visualize the duration, intensity and seasonality of each individual pollination period. Five main pollen stations were defined by the abundase of taxa with high levels of allergenicity: February-March, April, August, September-October, November-December. Conclusions: Ninety-five percent of airborne pollen grains along the year are allergenic or potentially allergenic. Aerobiological monitoring continues to incorporate interannual variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a tour of the role played by Jose Garcia Silvestre, his family and other personalities such as Mariano Camacho, in the esparto industry in Cieza. The collective development, the economic investment and the technological innovation allowed the mechanization of the esparto grass work, turning Cieza into the first manufacturing center at national level. The crisis of the sector in the middle of the 20th century would cause its disappearance having a testimonial use at present. Thanks to the research and recovery of the esparto grass heritage it is possible to know this chapter of Cieza's industrial history, especially from the study of patents, archives and documents that allow us to understand the importance that this fiber would have even in the international scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study was performed in the village of Cabrero, located in the district and province of Cajabamba, Department of Cajamarca. The objective was to know the most culturally important species of wild flora used by the inhabitans of the village of Cabrero. The methodology used was based on conducting informal (free listing and ethnobotanical walks) and semi-structured interviews. The significance cultural of the plants was stimated index Cultural Importance proposed by Tardío & Pardo-de-Santayana (2008). The registered 179 useful species grouped in 129 genera and 60 families, 267 vernacular names belonging to languages of introduced origin (47%), native (35%) and indeterminate (18%). The families with the highest number of species was Asteraceae (23%), followed by Poaceae (6%), Fabaceae (6%) and Lamiaceae (6%). The species were grouped into nine categories of use, being the Medicinal category which recorded the highest number of species (131) and use reports (2200 RU). The species with the greatest cultural importance were Rubus floribundus "zarza or mora", Myrcianthes discolor "uñico", Hesperomeles obtusifolia "huamasimba" and Alnus acuminata "aliso", these species are more valued by the local people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ovines will contribute with a large share of proteins to the Cuban Population. However, the current productive results are far from their real potential. The aim of the study was to evaluate the productive performance of growing female Pelibuey ovines confined to pens with raised flooring or under restricted grazing Methods: A 60-day experiment was conducted on El Hoyo ovine farm at UEB (Basic Production Unit) Maraguan, municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. Overall, forty 6-month old female Pelibuey ovines, 16 ± 0.5 kg LW, were chosen and split in two treatment groups: stabling on raised flooring and semi-stabling with grazing on native graminaceae, following a randomized design. Analysis of covariance considered the initial weights as covariable, which were adjusted to 16.663 kg. The animals were weighed every 30 days, and daily weight gains were estimated. Results: The group lodged in the pens with raised flooring achieved final weights and gains above (P = 0.01) the grazing group (24.39 kg and 0.150 kg, 22.34 kg, and 0.099 kg, respectively). Food conversion of the penned animals was also higher (8.9 vs 11.4 kg of DM/kg of gain). Conclusions: The performance of growing Pelibuey females confined to pens with raised flooring (wooden floorboards) was higher concerning weight at 60 days, mean daily gain, and conversion of foods served in the trough, in relation to restricted grazing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)