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Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: atlas assimilation can occur alone or in association with other craniocervical junction malformations and deformities. The etiological and pathological mechanisms are not clear. Case presentation: patient in her sixth decade of life, who was treated at the «Eugenio Espejo» Hospital, with asymmetric pyramidal symptoms after a low-energy kinetic fall. The condition completely reverted with conservative management. The patient is currently under periodic observation. Conclusion: the atlas assimilation, a congenital malformation, often asymptomatic; it is part of an embryological compensation when it is associated with other malformations. The appearance of deformity is necessary to reach atlantoaxial instability that it is not early. The knowledge of the concepts and distinction of the craniocervical junction abnormalities allows to indicate the best treatment in order to obtain the most suitable results with the individualization of each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corpse's putrefaction is caused by the action of bacteria, fungus, heat and humidity. To prevent the corpse from being destroyed, it is necessary to perform some procedures on it that modify the physical and chemical properties of the organic matter through different means. The cadaveric preservation processes are mainly caused by the exposition to external natural factors of time, mode and place, or to chemical factors injected. Many of the used formulas have always been jealously guarded and transmitted orally to selected groups. This tradition continues nowadays. The development of scientific knowledge boosted the register and diffusion of the current preservation techniques. This work proposes to put on paper the teachings of the master of anatomy, Professor Rodolfo Manuel Lafalla (†), about compiling preservation techniques without formaldehyde that were taught to him and transmitted throughout time in informal registers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the notions of health and illness elaborated by the approaches of G. Canguilhem. These are analyzed addressing Freudian hypotheses concerning neurosis, normality and mental illness. In particular, the concept of normativity in G. Canguilhem's philosophy is approached, establishing a dialogue with the notions of symptom and illness in Freudian texts. In this framework, relevance is given to the relationship between symptom and fantasy as phenomena that highlight the creativity of the living being. It is specified that this creativity is expressed in a differentiated way in the organization of neurotic and psychotic pictures. Finally, through the ideas exposed by A. Badiou, the tension between the objective and subjective dimension of the subject is analyzed as a logical substratum of the critique that can be established of the natural-scientific procedures of medicine and its eagerness to objectify the clinical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implantation of pastures can be favored by strategies that combine conventional methods of cultivation with the inoculation of microorganisms that promote plant growth, such as the rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense, which are capable of improving the nutritional status of plants through several mechanisms, including the phosphate solubilization and biological nitrogen fixation, thereby reducing the need to apply chemical fertilizers. The purpose was to evaluate forage production and macronutrient contents in the leaves of Tamani grass, fertilized with natural phosphate and inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, organized in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of the presence and absence of rhizobacteria; two sources of phosphorus (triple superphosphate and natural phosphate); and five nitrogen rates (0; 75; 150; 225 and 300 kg ha-1), used as parameters to estimate biologically fixed nitrogen. The concentration of nutrients was determined in samples of cuts, performed at 56, 84 and 112 days after emergence. The effects of nitrogen fertilization were evaluated by regression analysis, with results demonstrating that the levels of N, Mg and S increase and those of P decrease linearly as a function of the applied rates. Inoculation improves the nutritional status of plants, increasing the foliar contents of N, P, K, resulting in higher production of dry biomass, in addition to reducing the need for nitrogen application by up to 40 kg ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Humanisticos. Filologia is the property of Universidad de Leon, Area de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Supracondylar fractures of humerus are the second most frequent type of fractures in children. Objective: To describe the results of the treatment, the patients according to age, sex, complications, and final results. Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in patients with supracondylar fractures of humerus during the years 2018-2019. Absolute frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Fractures were more frequent in males (69.6%) and in the age group of six to 10 years for both sexes. 60.8% of the fractures were treated with reduction plus internal fixation with Kirschner needles, in the group with internal fixation type IV predominates and in the group that does not need internal fixation predominate type I, the most frequent complication was the loss of reduction in the group that was not fixed with needles. Better results were obtained when the reduction was performed combined with internal fixation (91.2%). Conclusions: Fractures predominated in the male sex and in the age group of six to 10 years, the reduction was more frequent more internal fixation with Kirschner needles, in the group with internal fixation predominates type IV, predominated the loss of reduction in the group that was not fixed with needles. Better results were obtained when reduction was performed combined with internal fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Plastination has been shown as a revolutionary and innovative technique in the field of conservation of anatomical pieces created by Gunther Von Hagens. Taking into account that the study of anatomy is currently based on the conservation and study of cadavers and anatomical specimens that are increasingly difficult to acquire and that allow a clear learning being useful for the training of undergraduate, graduate and professional exercise students and that can be preserved over time despite their continuous manipulation; it also allows to minimize biological risks for those in the area of health who are in the field of morphological sciences. In this way the anatomical details that in practice with corpses that are in preservation with formalin are lost, destroyed or difficult to visualize will be optimized and maintained. Objectives: Standardize an economic technique of plastination for the didactic study of morphology, through the use of polyester resins in organs, in addition to reducing the biological risk in the management of study specimens generating anatomical models that are easily accessible. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the materials and methods previously used in the research groups of the University of the Forest was carried out to make a subsequent selection of specimens to be used according to their frequency of use, as well as an observation of easily accessible tissue preservation materials without prior evidence, finding as objectives the heart of pig and the brain with respect to raw material and polyester resin as polymer. Results: In this study two specimens (human and pig) were taken from which five cuts were taken from the different planes to perform this plastination technique in which the anatomical composition, muscles and different vessels were identified. Once the plastination technique was explored in these fresh specimens, changes were observed, some slight in the different variables such as dimensions, color, texture and shape, but that meet the expectations of preserving a specimen for teaching purposes. Based on observation and analysis, the behaviour of these variables in the anatomical parts before and after the plastination process is determined. In addition, by the simple correlation method, sample behavior in texture, flexibility, retraction and pig or human anatomical details could be determined. In graph 1, we can observe by comparison the variations in color that were noticed from the first phase of the process. It is observed that in the dehydration phase a lighter shade is achieved but subsequently in the phase of forced impregnation reaches darker shades varying to brown; subsequently a recovery of the color in the drying phase was evident, with whitening of the anatomical parts where clear differences are possible. As for the texture it is observed that in both specimens the samples acquired hardness and rigidity at the time of dehydration with acetone, so it is inferred that losing water and bodily fluids is lost by this process the flexibility is also lost and the organ acquires greater rigidity, which provides greater resistance to manipulation. Based on the retraction of the organs and taking into account that the technique of plastination in one of its stages in the dehydration of the structure is explained because they are retracted. In the preservation of anatomical details it was found that both organs can be clearly and accurately identified the different anatomical accidents of importance Conclusions: Plastination becomes a significant learning building element, either for the student based on anatomy knowledge, while reducing safety concerns over the use of formaldehyde due to the health risks of teachers and students exposed. In order to meet the objective of this research project, the technique of plastination in pig and human brain hearts was standardized, which developed a protocol that includes the chemicals used and the times used at each stage of that procedure. As for the results, differences were found in the variables such as weight, thickness, texture after the realization of said technique preserved in whether the anatomical details and allowing the proper study of the organ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Musical Chilena is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since ancient times, techniques for the study of the brain have been developed for didactic or neurosurgical purposes. By 1934, Josef Klingler developed a cerebral hemisphere preparation technique based on formalin fixation and freezing to isolate the cerebral tracts. The aim of this article was to analyze the preparation methods used for tracts dissection in human and animal brains. A review of the literature using Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, Medline and Scielo databases, with the following descriptors: Dissection, Brain, Tract, with the boolean operator "AND" among them, also in spanish, until June 2018. Twenty-six documents were selected, and we analized the following variables: specimen, number of cerebral hemispheres, formalin concentration, fixing time, temperature, freezing time and tracts. In the selected literature, a total of 410 cerebral hemispheres were analyzed, 372 from humans and 38 from animals; 330 were preserved in 10 % formalin, 20 in 5 % formalin and the rest in other concentrations. The fixation time was variable between 10 and 180 days, as well as the temperature and freezing time (-10 ºC and -20 ºC, between 8 and 30 days). In all cases it was reported that, in whole or in part, the cerebral fascicles of association were isolated. In the preparation of cerebral hemispheres for dissection of tracts, Klingler recommend that 5 % formalin for the fixation of specimens; however, 80 % of the hemispheres used were fixed in 10 % formalin, and in this concentration, the time of fixation, temperature and time of freezing was variable, achieving, in all the cases analyzed, the partial or total dissection of the tracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the University of Buenos Aires in the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, the method of fixation and conservation of cadavers traditionally used is the 10% formaldehyde solution. Safety in the use of formaldehyde is currently under review. In this work, alternative methods for the fixation and conservation of cadaveric material are presented. Fresh beef was used in pieces of 5 x 3 x 2 cm (M. latissimus dorsi) that were randomly assigned to five treatments by immersion, in solutions of buffered formaldehyde (pH7), of Mc. Cormick and Larssen Modified; with and without previous fixation in 10% formalin for both Mc. Cormick as Larssen. Observations were made for 10 weeks registering color, odor, consistency and size. In week 6, histological sections of the pieces were made by inclusion in paraffin, section in slide microtome and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The solution of Mc. Cormick remained transparent and the pieces retained their size, a color between grayish pink and dark red, firm consistency slightly higher in the previously unfixed. With the modified Larssen solution, only good preservation characteristics could be obtained in the previously fixed part. The absence of formalin in the mixtures was also evidenced in the histological results. We can conclude that the solution of Mc. Cormick acts as fixer and conservator, while the modified Larssen solution is only conservative in previously fixed parts. A reduction was achieved in the amount of formaldehyde used for preservation, reducing the risk of exposure. Both solutions require a prior elaboration process with respect to the use of formaldehyde at 10% and imply a higher economic cost, disadvantages of little importance compared to the benefits they present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: One of the first signs of aging belongs to the upper third of the face. At the same time, the height and shape of the eyebrows are key points of the periorbital aesthetics. A tired or sad look implies that the complex eyebrow-upper eyelid is showing one or more of this signs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term results of a technique for endoscopic brow lifting, consisting on minimal incisions, a biplanar dissection and a different fixation technique designed for helping reshape the brow. MATERIAL AND METHOD A retrospective study was made including patients submitted to brow lifting from 2010 to 2016, with six-month follow-up at least. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were included that fulfilled the criteria for the study and were analyzed for brow position changes in height and shape. All the patients were treated by the senior authors using the technique described. In most patients (96%) long-term results were obtained. There not were cases with excessive elevation of the brow or esthetic bother referred by patients or considered by authors. There was not hematoma, seroma, paresis nor infections. CONCLUSIONS: This particular surgical technique has shown the advantage of being minimally invasive and effective. Careful analysis of the patient should be made to decide both the technique and the changes desired by the patient and the surgeon. The technique described is another option for approaching and fixating the eyebrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following work, as a contribution to the historical phraseology of Spanish, deals with the prepositional locutional structure that is most frequently attested in medieval records. The relevance of the «preposition + noun + preposition» structure in the prepositional locutional system of medieval Spanish is undeniable and its analysis facilitates an understanding of the historical process by which some early locutional combinations became prepositional locutions in use today. This study looks at extracts from the first chapters of the second tome of the Primera Crónica General de Alfonso x (Estoria de Espanna), dating from the 13th century, and compares them to extracts from later chapters of the same work dating from well into the 14th century. The study of the process in question demonstrates, on the one hand, that the examples taken from the 13th century are not yet strongly fixed and on the other, that many cases can be considered by this stage in medieval Spanish to be prepositional locutions due to their evident lack of concreteness – as they develop abstract or notional meaning –, the great cohesion of their parts and a high degree of fixation, such as a cabo de, a la cabeza de, a guisa de, a honra de, al pie de, a salud de, en lugar de, en medio de, por medio de, en poder de, en servicio de, en loor de, con ayuda de, por la gracia de, de parte de, a diferencia de … Other cases are yet in the process of abstraction (por amor de …), with an intermediate degree of grammaticalization and greater variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Flail chest is managed with mechanical ventilation or inhaloteraphy and analgesia. Little has been published on the use of bioabsorbable material and its evolution in flail chest fixation. Methods: This is a descriptive study of patients with unstable chest undergoing fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws in a period from February 2009 to December 2011. Results: We report 18 cases, aged 33-74 years (mean 53), three with bilateral involvement; rib fixation was performed between 1-21 days of the accident (mean 1.5). They started walking the next day in 14 cases; postoperative stay was four days (range 3-14). The heart rate of patients prior to surgery was 90 per minute (range 82-100) and lowered to 84 after fixation (range 82-92), preoperative respiratory rate was 26 per minute (range 22-28) and below 22 per minute (range 20 to 26) in postoperative period. Conclusions: The use of bioabsorbable material for osteosynthesis of costal fractures did not show side eff ects in our period of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tibiofibular syndesmosis provides stability to the ankle mortise. The ankle syndesmosis is compromised in all Weber C type injuries. The radiographic method described by Merle D'Aubigné considers the bony relationships as a measure of syndesmotic widening. We sought to investigate whether the patients with a C type ankle fracture treated with ORIF and placement of a transyndesmal screw have an increment of the tibiofibular space and decrease of the tibiofibular overlap after the transyndesmal screw is removed. Our sample included 52 patients with Weber C ankle fractures treated by ORIF and transyndesmal screw at a level II trauma center. We measured the tibiofibular clear space and tibiofibular overlap in each phase of the treatment. The transyndesmal screw was removed at day 55.56 (± 21.83). We found an increase of the tibiofibular overlap of 0.20 mm (± 2.29, p = 0.532); and 0.21 mm (± 0.97, p = 0.146) in the tibiofibular clear space. The changes of 2.38% in the tibiofibular overlap and 5.29% in the tibiofibular clear space between the postoperative and post-removal periods were not statistically significant. After removal of the syndesmal screw, there is a slight radiographic broadening of the syndesmosis; however, it is small and statistically not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of some phraseological units, conversational routines, according to their independence degree, in order to restructure Sphere III (Corpas, 1996). In this Sphere there are also proverbs and idioms. In an attempt to classify Spanish phraseological units, we have taken as a model the system proposed by Briz and Val.Es.Co. Group (Briz & Grupo Val.Es.Co., 2003, 2014) for conversational segmentation. This system characterizes some statements in terms of different degrees and types of independence, which allow us to restructure Sphere III. This paper adopts a phraseological and pragmatic approach, with examples taken from Corpus de conversaciones coloquiales (Briz & Grupo Val.Es.Co., 2002). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic elbow dislocation in the pediatric population is a particularly unusual injury. It was first described by Stimson in 1900 and almost 100 years later revisited by Tachdjian in 1990. Three percent of cases are associated with lateral epicondyle fracture, so this is an infrequent injury that has been described in only a few papers as case reports. The mechanism of injury is not clearly known, nor is the best type of treatment or its complications. We report herein the case of a five year-old girl with fracture dislocation of the lateral epicondyle who was managed with closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with Kirschner nails, with good functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The term degenerative spondylolisthesis, coined by Newman in 1963, refers to the forward slippage of an immediately inferior vertebra without isthmic lysis. It occurs predominantly in individuals over 40 years of age and affects mainly women, with a female: male ratio of 4:1. Prevalence is 7.5% in males and 28% in females among patients over 50 years of age with low back pain. Material and methods: Assess the one-year results of the use of dynamic spacers for Meyerding grade 1 listhesis with the Oswestry disability scale. The patient's electronic and radio-graphic records from January 2008 to December 2010 were reviewed according to different criteria to conduct a retrospective, longitudinal and observational cohort study. Results: The preoperative Oswestry score was 3.4% mild, 55.2% moderate, and 42.4% severe; the postoperative score was 79.3% mild and 20.7% moderate. The most common surgical procedure was exploration and release in 72.4% of patients; only 27.6% underwent diskectomy. Pain irradiating to the right pelvic limb occurred in 37.9% of patients, to the left pelvic limb in 44.8%, and to both pelvic limbs in 17.2%. Only 2.4% of patients experienced postoperative pain that irradiated to the pelvic limb, as 100% of cases had some type of irradiating pain. A DIAM spacer was used in 79.3% and a Wallis device in 20.7%. Conclusions: Treatment with an interspinous spacer results in a low reoperation rate and, at least one year later, it resulted in a significant improvement in the disability rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent childhood disorder, which is associated to response inhibition deficits. The main aim of this study is to analyze the eye saccadic movements as a measure of inhibitory control in ADHD, using Fixation and Antisaccade tasks. 4 children and adolescents took part in the study (2 ADHD and 2 controls), aged 7 and 16. Eye movements' assessment was completed by the administration of response inhibition and attention deficit measures. Main results indicated: a) ADHD group showed a significant higher number of mistakes in saccadic tasks (intrusive saccadic in the Fixation task and direction mistakes in the Antisaccade task); b) the 16 years old participant with ADHD showed less mistakes than the 7 years old children. Additionally, and in contrast to this second participant, he was able to correct practically all of them; c) high coherence between saccadic tasks and response inhibition and attention deficit was found, where high levels of saccadic movements' mistakes were related to low attention and high impulsivity levels. These results highlight about the validity and usefulness of the saccadic eye movements as a measure of the inhibitory deficit in ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Accidents currently rank first among causes of complex lower limb injuries. The most common open long bone fractures are tibial fractures. Estimates indicate that there are 492,000 new fractures every year, with a prevalence of 100,000 cases that do not heal. Clinical case: Young, female patient who underwent emergency surgery for a Gustilo III A open comminuted fracture of the left proximal tibia. Surgical toilette was performed several times until the soft tissues improved. Then internal fi xation of large fragments was performed with a cortical screw and Professor Rodrigo Álvarez Cambras' external fi xator was used to heal the fracture. The combined approach consisting of internal and external fixation is discussed within the setting of these diffi cult fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To show that patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with a proximal femoral nail have a better postoperative course than those treated with a DHS plate (dynamic hip screw). Methods: Patients with a Boyd & Griffi n type II intertrochanteric fracture were randomly divided into two groups: a group of patients treated with a PFN and another one treated with a DHS plate. All patients were assessed at 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks using the Harris scale and the visual analog scale pre-and postoperatively, as well as the operative time, incision size, intraoperative bleeding, onset of partial and/or total weight bearing, healing time, time to attain prior physical activity level, and radiographic result. Results: 32 patients met our criteria. The variables that had a significant reduction were: incision, operative time, postoperative pain according to the visual analog scale, onset of mobility, partial weight bearing and pain at 2 weeks. Conclusions: The proximal femoral nail has better short-term outcomes than the DHS plate; however, in the medium term both implants have the same outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The intermediate screw in a fractured vertebra works as a pressure point with an anterior vector thus creating a lordotic force that corrects kyphosis, provides appropriate three-point fixation and decreases the lever effect. Objective: To describe the course of non-pathologic traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine after instrumentation of the fractured vertebra. Material and methods: A total of 37 patients with a diagnosis of traumatic vertebral fracture in the thoracolumbar area (T9-L4) were operated from January 2008 to December 2012. Patients included 28 males (75.6%) and 9 females (24.4%); mean age was 41.8 years. Results: Correcting the total diameter of the spinal canal results in a 2.11 times higher chance of neurologic improvement; the relative risk of fusion was 0.97 with autologous graft as compared with a heterologous graft (CI 95% = 0.69 - 1.36) and 1.18 with instrumentation of the fractured vertebra (CI 95% = 0.42 - 3.31). Conclusions: Pedicle screw fixation at the fracture level is a safe and effective method to treat thoracolumbar fractures; it provides additional fixation points that assist in fracture reduction and correction of kyphosis, improving at the same time back pain and maintaining the corrective effect. Procedure indications include integrity of the posterior ligament complex and at least one intact pedicle in the fractured vertebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Avulsions of the anterior tibial tuberosity are infrequent lesions that nevertheless have long-term functional repercussions as a result of the lesion itself and of the treatment provided. Material and methods: A series of 12 patients treated surgically from January 2008 to March 2012 was reviewed. Their diagnosis was Watson-Jones types II and III lesions; they were assessed by applying the Kujala functional scale and radiographically by measuring the tibial tuberosity index. The statistical analysis was done with central trend measurements and non-parametric tests. Results: All patients were male and right knee lesions were slightly predominant. All of them participated in sports activities and the predominant mechanism of injury was forced knee hyperflexion. The evaluation using the Kujala scale showed excellent results. The tibial tuberosity index was not statistically significant with respect to the implants used. Discussion: This type of injuries warrants surgical management to restore the function of the knee extensor mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The number of patients with spine conditions has grown exponentially in recent years leading to an increase in the number of cases requiring surgical treatment. Currently vertebral fusion surgery with a transpedicular approach represents the most commonly used technique to treat any type of vertebral disorder. The morphometric characteristics of vertebrae, particularly the pedicle, determine the size of pedicular implants, including width and length, as well as the shape and direction of the screw and its ideal angulation at the time of introduction. Knowing these characteristics is important to prevent injuring important adjacent structures and to decrease the postoperative complication rate. In recent decades numerous studies on the morphometric characteristics of the vertebral pedicle have been conducted in different populations to determine its real dimensions by means of direct measurement and imaging methods. These studies have concluded that there are significant differences in these measurements among the different ethnic groups, races, genders, ages and the vertebral regions studied. This paper analyzes the different morphometric studies of the pedicle and all the other vertebral elements studied in Mexico and the rest of the world and explain the importance of their knowledge and surgical application for the correct development of vertebral fusion surgery with a transpedicular approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ligamentoplasty is a posterior dynamic stabilization method. The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of adjacent segment disease in patients undergoing decompression and ligamentoplasty versus patients with standard 360° arthrodesis. Material and methods: Two groups were studied, each with 15 patients. The first group underwent recalibration with fixation (Group A) and the second group recalibration with ligamentoplasty (Group L). The occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration was assessed, together with the presence of adjacent segment disease in both groups. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 17.0 software. Results: Both techniques showed a statistically significant clinical improvement at the six-month postoperative follow-up (p = 0.001). Radiographic findings showed a higher translational instability index at the one-year follow-up in the arthrodesis group. No statistical difference was found in the clinical course or in the rest of the radiographic variables at the 3-year comparison between both groups. The rate of adjacent segment degeneration in Group A was 33.3%, compared with 20% in Group L at the one-year follow-up. Until now, there have been two cases of radiculopathy, one in Group L and one in Group A, both with adjacent segment disease. Conclusion: At the 3-year follow-up it is not possible to say that ligamentoplasty, unlike 360° arthrodesis, decreases the rate of adjacent segment disease. However, this technique has promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted an ambispective cohort study of 83 patients with a diagnosis of Lisfranc fracture dislocation from 1993 to 2008. The lesions were classified into two groups: pure dislocations and fracture dislocations of the Lisfranc joint using the Hardcastle-Reschamer classifi cation. The results included the following data: sociodemographic and epidemiologic variables, lesion- related variables, clinical parameters, and the following clinical and functional assessment scales: Baltimore Painful Foot Score, Creighton-Nebraska Health Foundation, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and Hannover Scoring System. Sixty-three patients were treated surgically. Closed reduction and minimally invasive fixation with Kirschner nails were performed in 53 patients (63.9%), and open reduction with a dorsal approach and fixation with Kirschner nails in 10 cases (15.2%). In 46 cases de medial column was fixed, in 61 cases the intermediate column, and in 42 the lateral column. Sixty-six (79.5%) of the patients had complications including both acute and late ones. Regardless of the technique used, the purpose of treatment was the anatomical reduction of the involved joints. Based on our experience, we think that the use of Kirschner nails is effective, as it provides enough stiffness and stability. In general terms, this injury is not as disabling as it had been considered in the literature. Patients consider their discomfort as tolerable and compatible with the demands of their activities of daily living and they may perform their work considering the time limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lingüística y Literatura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess the treatments for carpal scaphoid pseudoarthrosis with the Matti-Russe and Fisk-Fernández techniques taking as a reference the most widely used technique, i.e., fixation with Kirschner wire with a corticocancellous bone graft. The bone healing rates reported by different series using this procedure do not exceed 70%, especially in cases in which the proximal scaphoid fragment is compromised. The healing rate with the Fisk-Fernández technique was 90-97%. Twelve males and one female were operated on at the National Rehabilitation Institute; the age range was 18-58 years (mean age 32 years). Thirteen patients had bone healing after week 12. Conclusion: This is an easy, quick, and functional procedure, but patient cooperation is required for rehabilitation and return to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anterior tibial tubercle fractures are relatively infrequent and occur mainly in young athletes 14 to 17 years old. Most fractures result from jumping during sports activities. Methods: We describe two cases of anterior tibial tubercle fractures. The latter were Ogden IIIA and IIIB. In both cases treatment consisted of open reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws. Discussion: The mechanism of injury in the first case is more common than the one in the second case. The first case occurred after jumping to receive a pass during a basketball game. The second one occurred while playing soccer. The patient was kicked on the quadriceps musculature. Both cases involved functional disability. Conclusion: Biomechanically, the mechanism of injury in the second case increased the tension on the extensor apparatus. We performed synthesis with cannulated screws and obtained good results without complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the favorable results in cemented femoral fixation, there is a growing tendency to use uncemented stems. Due to the successful results of cementless acetabular fixation, the most versatile and easy implantation technique, to the misinformation about the «cement disease» and the poor performance of cemented stems with a rough surface. However, the advantages of cemented femoral fixation are numerous: it can be implemented successfully in femurs of diverse morphology and quality of bone, the surgeon can position the implant with the desired femoral anteversion, without it being determined by the natural femoral anteversion, very low incidence of intraoperative and postoperative fractures, allows the addition of antibiotics in patients with a history or predisposition to infection and minimal risk of postoperative leg pain during walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine which is the most effective treatment for the management of soft tissues, the functional recovery and the healing of distal third humeral shaft fractures at the Mexican Red Cross trauma center. Material and methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal, comparative study of patients with a diagnosis of distal third humeral shaft fractures; clinical and radiographic follow-up was done with the MEPI, UCLA and Montoya functional scales at week 24. Results: The results of patient follow-up using the MEPI in Group I were: 2 poor, 3 fair, 1 excellent; in Group II: 8 excellent; in Group III: 3 poor, 2 fair, 4 excellent; in Group IV: 1 poor, 5 fair and 2 excellent. The UCLA results were: Group I, 3 poor, 2 good, 2 excellent; Group II: 5 excellent, 2 good; Group III, 4 poor, 1 partial, 2 good and 2 excellent; Group IV, 4 partial, 2 good, 2 excellent. The results of the Montoya scale were: Group I, 3 stage II, 1 stage III, 2 stage IV; Group II, 3 stage III, 5 stage IV; Group III, 3 stage II, 5 stage III, 1 stage IV; Group IV, 2 stage II, 2 stage III, 4 stage IV. Discussion: This paper shows that the anterior 4.5 mm LCP MI plate has been the best treatment for distal third humeral shaft fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the changes in the treatment of distal radius fractures that have occurred in recent years at our center. To analyze the changes that have occurred and their possible causes. Material and methods: We analyzed the hospital admission data from our center, both total admissions and those due to distal radius fractures. Surgical activity records show the evolution of the surgical treatment of distal radius fractures throughout time. Using the data from 2 research works done at our center we assessed the radiological and functional results obtained with an external fixator and nails and with buttress plates. We reviewed the updated bibliography trying to identify new evidence leading to treatment changes. Results: Objective evidence shows a marked evolution towards the use of open reduction and internal fixation to treat distal radius fractures. We did not identify data in our studies that show poor results with the use of external fixators and nails or a clear superiority of the open reduction methods. These data are not available in the current bibliography. Conclusion: The treatment of distal radius fractures is being modified. This change is not based on contrasted clinical or bibliographic data. We need to ask whether this is due to commercial pressure or to a perception of surgeons that is yet to be proven in quality studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine if elderly osteopenic patients sustaining an intertrochanteric fracture recover sooner when treated with Lazcano hemiarthroplasty compared with those treated with internal fixation, and whether they can return to their prefracture physical activity level. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at 1o de Octubre ISSSTE Hospital. Patients over age 70 with intertrochanteric hip fracture and advanced osteopenia were enrolled. The cases were treated with Lazcano hemiarthroplasty and the controls (20 patients) with standard internal fixation (angled plate, DHS system, gamma nail). The comorbid conditions and the prefracture activity level were assessed in both groups. The relation between comorbid conditions and complications was studied and the postoperative activity level of both groups was compared. Results: Thirty patients with these characteristics were included. Ten were cases and 20 were controls. No relation was found between the comorbid conditions and the patients' ability to resume gait postoperatively. Patients treated with hemiarthroplasty walk sooner than those treated with standard internal fixation and have a lower complication rate. Conclusions: The Lazcano hemiarthroplasty is an excellent choice in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in osteopenic patients. Long-term studies with more patients are required to assess the presence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaginal vault prolapse is a major health care problem, and it is a late complication of hysterectomy. This condition occurs especially in elderly women, frequently associated with decrements in quality of life. The sacrospinous fixation is one of the surgical procedures used for the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 25 women who were diagnosed a vaginal vault or uterovaginal prolapse in which were performed a sacrospinous fixation at University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González from January 2005 to January 2008. The follow-up period was one year, and they were evaluated at 6 and 12 months after surgery through physical examination and a written questionnaire. Results: The mean age was 58 years and fourteen of the 25 patients had previous hysterectomies. A sacrospinous fixation, hysterectomy and an anterior or posterior repair were done in eleven patients, five women had a sacrospinous fixation and vaginal repair and in the rest of patients only a sacrospinous fixation was performed. The sacroespinous fixation had a high initial success rate of 92%, with 8% of recurrence of the prolapse. There was a significantly difference between after and before surgery in vault prolapse (p ≤0.004), cystocele (p ≤0.001), rectocele (p ≤0.001) and quality of life (p ≤0.000) Conclusion: Sacrospinous fixation is an efficient method of treatment for vaginal vault prolapse and it can be performed as a prophylactic procedure at the same time of vaginal hysterectomy in patients with uterovaginal prolapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pure physeal lesion of the distal humeral epiphysis is an uncommon and difficult-to-diagnose condition due to the absence of calcified ossification centers during the first three months of life, which usually leads to delaying the diagnosis or to misdiagnosis. However, the prognosis is good and complications are few. We report the case of a 3-month old female patient who was admitted for open reduction and fixation with Kirschner nails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Early fracture fixation is increasingly common in medical practice, and femur shaft fractures are the perfect prototype of the lesion warranting early surgery in polytraumatized patients. Damage control orthopedics (DCO) is defined as the minimally-traumatic interventions intended to provide quick stabilization of orthopedic injuries to minimize the systemic inflammatory response. Material and methods: By means of an evidence-based medicine tool (CAT) we approach the benefit of long-bone fracture stabilization in polytraumatized patients trying to answer a specific clinical question from a concrete situation: What is the evidence of the safety and benefit of early stabilization of long-bone fractures in polytraumatized patients? Results: The patient group whose fractures were stabilized after 48 hours had more clinical complications, alterations of lung parameters and a longer hospital stay. There is no complete evidence showing that early stabilization of long bones in patients with moderate or severe head trauma worsens or improves the outcomes. Conclusions: Urgent fracture stabilization should be an adjuvant to resuscitation. Early fracture stabilization contributes to reducing the ICU stay, the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure (MOF) and sepsis, thus improving patient survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The spine is the most common site for bone metastases; being the breast, prostate and lung cancer which have most affected. The thoracic spine is involved in 70% of cases, followed by the lumbar and cervical region. Material and methods: This is a 59 years old female diagnosed with breast adenocarcinoma and metastatic bone disease in cervical spine C2, C3 level and instability of that segment because of a compression fracture of C3 greater than 80% without invasion of the spinal canal, she begins with paresthesias of upper limbs. A 360° instrumentation was performed in two stages. After the surgical procedure the patient were without neck pain and a good neurological status. Discussion: Metastatic bone disease causes significant damage to the spine sometimes create instability proper instrumentation is needed to improve the functional status and prognosis of these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The techniques of fixation and conservation allow to stop the processes of tissues disorganization and they are necessary to analyze the microscopic anatomy of them. The purpose of this study was to analyze the histologic characteristic of the parotid and submandibular glands obtained from three human cadavers fixed and conserved by means of: a) conservative solution based on formaldehyde (Sample I) and b) camera of cold for 12 hours (Sample II), both samples processed for hematoxilin-eosin (H-E); c) plastination with epoxic resin (Sample III) and processed for H-E and with methylene blue - eosin without previous inclusión. The characteristics of the adenomer and glandular ducts system were analyzed. The best characteristics were in the sample II, with a good detail level in the glandular parenchyma, a greater basophilia was presented in the sample I. The sample III it presented a low detail level to the microscopic observation, the best results were obtained using methylene blue. The biggest difficulties in the histologic process of the plastinated specimens were in the cut and time for tintion. The results suggest that it is possible to obtain histologic preparations from autopsies in fixed cadavers and conserved for teaching and anatomical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a longitudinal, retrospective, comparative study of patients with patellar fractures treated surgically with a tension band or wire cerclage. Inclusion criteria were: male or female with any patellar fracture from January 2005 to January 2006, 18 to 45 years old, at the Orthopedic Service of General Hospital Xoco. We evaluated the following parameters: fracture pattern, surgical procedure, time to return to daily and labor activities. We found that patients treated with tension band had a earlier return to daily and labor activities than those who were treated with wire cerclage. We found no differences in consolidation time between both techniques, although men presented earlier consolidation rates than women, men returned later to daily and labor activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sacral fractures are uncommon injuries; published cases constitute less than 1% of all the spinal fractures. The vertical sacral fractures are more common. Based on Denis's classification for sacral fractures, those that present on area III, transverse, are still the less frequent ones and they are associated in 57% to a neurological deficit. They are link with high energy trauma. A delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to neurologic deterioration and pain. Case presentation: A 16-years-old boy fell from a moving vehicle, and suffered direct trauma to the dorsal and sacral region. He was initially assisteed in a second level hospital unit for lumbar pain, inability to walk and was unable to urinate; 4 days later to the accident he was transferred to our institution where we carried out diagnostic protocol finding a high transverse displaced fracture at S2 level with associated neurological deficit. We carried out surgical procedure, which consisted on open reduction, with a posterior approach, descompressive laminectomy and fixation with dynamic compression plate (D.C.P.) 4.5 mm in diameter. Six weeks after the surgical procedure the patient was able to walk with partial support, clear improvement in strength and sphincter control. Discussion: Transverse fractures of the sacrum are uncommon fractures; still in trauma centers the experience is limited. At the moment there is no consensus between conservative or surgical tretment modalities according the type of sacral fracture. Conclusion: Today's evidence suggests that consideration must be taken on the risk of a neurological lesion associated through the surgical stabilization in comparison to the stability of the fracture site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patellar osteochondral lesions are difficult to diagnose, there must be a high index of suspicion in order to treat them timely. We present this case to point the keys of an early diagnosis and to expose Pritsch technique, which consists in suturing the osteochondral fragment to the anterior surface of the patella. It is an easy procedure and available to the orthopedist, we also present the functional result that was satisfactory in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. We present the preliminary, short-term results of a cohort study of revision THA focused on aseptic loosening and aimed at assessing the metadiaphyseal bone ingrowth biological response of an uncemented femoral implant with an extensive porous coating. Material and methods. The clinical, X-ray and personal satisfaction outcomes (SF-36) of four patients were assessed. We had performed four exchange THAs due to a diagnosis of clinical and radiographic aseptic prosthetic loosening, with symptoms of anterior thigh pain. Three THAs were primary and one was a hemiarthroplasty. Mean follow-up after the prosthetic exchange was 41.5 weeks. Results. As of postoperative week six, a radiographic improvement of the bone appearance was seen due to mineralization and decrease in the radiolucent areas in the interfaces. As of week 20, variable degrees of bone ingrowth were seen. No femoral subsidence has occurred and anterior thigh pain was relieved in all cases. Discussion. Stem size, stiffness, the geometry and the extension of the porous coating seem to affect bone remodeling. Implants with an extensive porous-coated surface seem to assure a reliable, long-term fixation and provide a circumferential seal against debris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Humeral shaft fractures are common; they represent 3% of all fractures. There are several treatment modalities for this type of fractures. The latest research emphasizes minimum exposure and rigid fixation. Objective. To present the clinical and radiological course of antegrade intramedullary fixation of humeral shaft fractures in a group of patients seen at Medica Sur Hospital. Material and methods. Fourteen male patients with a diagnosis of humeral shaft fracture were retrospectively analyzed. Mean age was 24 years. The Russell Taylor nail was used in all of them with the closed antegrade insertion technique (100%); proximal and distal locking was achieved with only one pin. Mean operative time was 45 minutes. Results. Thirteen patients had closed fractures (92.85%), one patient had an open fracture (7.14%). Mean time to shoulder and elbow mobilization was 48 hours in 12 patients (84%); mean time to resuming activities of daily living without weightbearing was six weeks in 13 patients (91%). Mean time to return to physical/sports activities was 20 weeks in 12 patients (84%). Mean time to grade III-IV X-ray healing was 14 weeks. Complications: delayed healing, 1 patient (7%); postoperative neuropraxia of the radial nerve, 2 patients (14%); painful shoulder, 2 patients (14 percent). Conclusion. Closed locking intramedullary nailing with the Russell Taylor nail warrants overcoming the learning curve to minimize iatrogenic complications. It provides immediate stability resulting from the proximal and distal locking, and allows for rapid patient rehabilitation with full mobility and early stimulation of bone callus formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the treatment of an acetabular fracture associated with lower limb necrotizing fasciitis. Clinical case: Male, 65-year-old patient, with type-II diabetes mellitus, admitted with left acetabular fracture, previously managed with skeletal traction at the level of the ipsilateral muscle, with necrotizing fasciitis (thigh and coxofemoral joint), with systemic alterations (hypotension, hyperthermia, acid-base imbalance, etc.). Multiple surgical debridements were performed, as well as resection of the femur head and shaft. Antibiotic therapy was instituted. Blood glucose, ESR and PCR were used as infection parameters. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was identified as the causative agent, and the infection remitted. Osteosynthesis with external fixation was performed. Total hip arthroplasty was used as the definitive treatment. Conclusion: The literature shows that timely detection and proper management with surgical debridement and antibiotics decreases the morbidity and mortality due to necrotizing fasciitis. Preserving life is the priority and after that comes the management of sequelae to improve limb function and help the patient return to a normal life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most frequently used cementless hip prostheses is the AML (Anatomic Medullary Locking) device, a prosthesis with a predominantly diaphyseal fixation, porous coating, straight metaphysis and a cylindrical modular stem, which has proven useful in studies with a follow-up as long as 20 years. We studied 74 hips in 66 patients at the Central Military Hospital, with a minimum follow-up of 3.5 years and a maximum of 9 years, mean follow-up was 6.8 years. Mean age of males was 57.05 years and 68.06 years for females. Of the patients studied, only 2 needed a revision; one case due to deep infection and another one due to loosening secondary to misplacement of the femoral stem. The remaining complications were few; all of them were minor, did not warrant revision surgery and did not lead to patient disability. As reported in the world literature, main complications include moderate thigh pain, stress shielding, leg length discrepancy, and dislocation of the prosthesis. We concluded that the AML cementless prosthesis represents an excellent option for hip replacement, whether due to arthrosis or any other reason, provided the patient has good bone quality and proper preoperative planning is done. Results are comparable to those published in the world literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The floating hip represents a severe injury and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Material and methods. Retrospective, longitudinal, observational, and descriptive study of 20 patients who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation during 56 weeks follow-up operation. Results. Sixteen males (80%), 4 females (20%) and the average age of 35 years old. The high energy trauma was the main reason for the 12 pelvic ring injuries (60%), 8 acetabulum fractures (40%), 7 intertrochanteric (35%), 3 middle cervical (15%), 4 subtrochanteric (20%), and 6 femur fractures (30%) that we found while doing the research. Overall the pain, ambulation, and muscular force were acceptable after surgery. Postoperative complications were: infections in 1 patient, 1 disincline, clinical injury of nerve sciatic in 2 patients who had a complete recovery at 24 weeks after surgery. Discussion. In order to reduce the mortality and morbidity it is important to have an adequate interdisciplinary team. In conclusion, it is recommended to stabilize the long-bone injury first, then the pelvis, and finally the acetabulum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periprosthetic fractures have had an increasing incidence in the past decades; their resolution is a difficult challenge even for the most experienced orthopedist surgeons. The Vancouver classification has contributed to a great extent to their better characterization and therapeutic guidance. The purpose of this paper is to make a review of the most recent advances on the topic and present our experience in the treatment of these fractures. Material and methods: We describe the characteristics of a sample of 20 patients with periprosthetic femur fractures treated at our hospital from March 2008 to March 2010 and typed according to the Vancouver classification. Results: Mean age was 74.5 years with a range of 65-87 years. Females were predominant (70%). Five cases were type A in the classification, 10 cases type B, and 5 cases type C. Nineteen underwent surgical treatment. The mean total length of stay was 7 days, with a range of 5-12. The mean healing time for types B and C was 4 months (range 3-6 months). Four patients had complications. The resolution was assessed as excellent in 5 cases (25%), good in 11 cases (55%), and poor in 4 cases (20%). Conclusions: A thorough individual assessment based on the Vancouver classification, age and the patient's functional requirements are the major parameters for treatment success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]