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Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Botanica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is no information regarding the presence of trace elements. total and available, related to the use of soils in irrigated oasis in Mendoza, Argentina. The main objective of this work, was to measure total content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the surface soil layer (0- 25cm) of different soils . They were grouped in in seven types, according to utilitarian classification: (acronyms in Spanish): virgin soils (SV); shoulder soils (SB); soils in the vicinity of shoulders (SVB); soils of intensive agriculture (SAI); agricultural areas with anti-hail rocket system (SLAG); soils affected by Industrial activity (SI); and urban soils (Su). On a total of 200 superficial samples, a hot acid digestión was performed; on the extracts, total content of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu was measured by atomic absortion spectrometry (AAS). A statistical analysis of the results was performed, showing that the highest levels of Cu and Cd were detected in SAI, with mean values of 39.3 and 2.5 mg kg-1 respectively. The highest values of Pb were present in the SI, with a mean value of 80.6 mg kg-1, while the highest values of Zn were present in the SU soils, with a mean value of 740 mg kg-1. Mendoza city, with higher population density had the highest Zn, Pb y Cd content. The concentrations are below the argentinian legislation and most soils can be classified uncontaminated (SNC) or slightly contaminated (SLC). It expects to complete this study with the determination of the available fractions of these elements. correlating the results with physical-chemical soil properties, such as texture, pH and organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Derecho Penal y Criminologia is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Penal y Criminologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the relationship between Pope Benedict XIII and his Secretary of Memorials, Niccolò Coscia. In so doing, it explores the concept of rule by proxy through a ruler's "favorite" and analyzes the papacy of Benedict XIII from the perspective of Coscia based on the perceptions of members of the Spanish monarchy and Spanish envoys to the Holy See. The article also explains how such rule by a favorite constituted an important means to govern after a ban on nepotism by Pope Innocent XII in 1692 made it difficult for subsequent popes to assemble entourages of trusted advisers.

Fungicide application has had a significant increase in recent agricultural periods, with copper fungicides being the most widely used in Mendoza. According to ISCAMEN (Instituto Sanidad y Calidad Agropecuaria Mendoza), 2,500 tons of these fungicides (44.80 % sulfate copper, 54.24% copper oxychloride, and 0.96% copper hydroxide were applied in the 2004 - 2005 period and similar amounts have been used subsequently. Having detected heavy metals in these products, our aim is to determine the values present in most commercial brands available in Mendoza. To this effect, 53 samples of commercial copper fungicides were collected (44 sulphate, and 9 copper oxychloride), which are representative of most brands. Lead and cadmium amounts were determined on acid extracts by atomic absorption spectophotometry, in contrast to highly reliable reference material. Argentine legislation sets limits for lead contents only. This value cannot exceed the number resulting from the formula Limit Pb mg.kg-1 = 5 x (% Cu product). For phosgene the limit value is 275 mg.kg-1 and for sulfate 125 mg.kg-1. The statistically analyzed data yielded the following results: for oxychloride, the average was 207.17 mg.kg-1, with 33% of the samples exceeding allowed lead values; for sulfate the average was 63.06 mg.kg-1, with no samples exceeding the limit. The presence of cadmium was represented by averages of 2.64 mg.kg-1 and 1.53 mg.kg-1 for oxichloride and copper sulfate respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta un análisis de preguntas sobre la salud sexual y el bienestar de los estudiantes. Se exploran las vidas de estudiantes universitarias con respeto a la salud sexual y a la reproductiva. Incluye los resultados de un cuestionario sobre relaciones sexuales, conocimiento sobre el sexo, y métodos de protección.

The Mendoza River oasis is the most important of the province. Urban growth has encroached upon areas that were formerly agricultural, surrounding the drainage canals that contain urban storm runoff from convective storms. Man uses water for drinking, sanitation, irrigation, recreation and other purposes, and discharges polluting effluents into the irrigation and drainage system. In order to analyze water quality in the oasis, three sampling points (R_I to R_III) along the river where the Cipolletti diversion dam is located, five points along the canal network (C_I to C_V), and seven along the drainage collectors (D_I to D_VII) were strategically selected. The points along the river and the canal network were tested for the following physico-chemical and microbiological parameters: electrical conductivity, temperature, pH, anions and cations (SAR calculation), dissolved oxygen (DO), settleable solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), total and fecal coliforms, and heavy metals. The points along the drainage network were only tested for the first four parameters. Analytical results were stored in a data base and were used for a descriptive statistical and inferential analysis that consisted in applying different tests to detect possible differences to each response variable at α = 0.05. Fixed and random effects models of analyses of variance were applied and homocedasticity and normality assumptions were tested. When assumptions were violated, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. A comparison was made between the following sampling points; rivers; RI and canals; and drains. It is concluded that there are significant differences in mean salinity and sodicity values in R_II, and that quality changes in R_II and R_III may be due to the inflow of additional water. A comparison of parameters between the head of the system (R_I) and the canal network shows that discharges from Greater Mendoza urban centers located to the west of the «Cacique Guaymallén» canal and discharges from the «Campo Espejo» treatment plant (detected at point C_II) significantly increase water salinity (+55 %) and sodicity (+95 %) with respect to point R_I (though the sodicity value is still low). Salinity (+80 %), COD (+1159 %), and MAB (+2873 %) also increased with the ensuing decrease in DO (-58 %) due to discharges from the Greater Mendoza area and the high industrial pollution load from the «Pescara» Canal (C_V, «Tulumaya» secondary canal) with respect to point R_I. There were no significant differences in heavy metals among sampling points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population exerts pressure on land uses for which there are activities that affect environmental and land degradation, which demand restoration actions. The objective was to prepare a local territorial diagnosis as an environmental impact assessment strategy in Ejido El Jaral, in the Municipality of Mexquitic de Carmona, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. For the characterization of the site, the ARCGIS 0.10 software was used, based on the digital topographic chart F14A83 scale 1:50 000 from INEGI (2010). The agrological, livestock and urban capacity of the territory was determined. The definition of territorial restoration areas was based on the criteria of ecological fragility and ecological quality. The results indicate the presence of Pine-Encino Forest in 40% of the territory and an area for agricultural use that corresponded to 5% of the Ejido. The Ejido has a low ecological quality and therefore a high natural fragility, which requires soil restoration activities and reorientation of agricultural and livestock practices. Restoration activities are proposed in 22% of the area composed of Chaparral vegetation. For future studies it is proposed to evaluate restoration measures and the perception of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability of an extensive cow-calf model in General Alvear, Mendoza, was assessed. A multi-criteria method was used, using indicators based on information supplied by field visits and interviews with key actors. For this purpose, ecological, economic and social characteristics were considered. The main critical points were found in the social sphere, due to limitations on the access to public services, poor training and associativity. Regarding the economic sphere, profitability was acceptable; however, the economic risk was at the sustainability threshold due to the lack of marketing channels, high dependence on external inputs and low production efficiency. Concerning the ecological sphere, all indicators were above the sustainability threshold. Based on the research outcomes, management alternatives are proposed in order to contribute to the improvement of social conditions, range preservation and long-term economic results. In addition, the results confirm the need of assessing the sustainability of extensive cow-calf systems through appropriate indicators according to the local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tree bark is a valuable component to diagnose heavy metal air pollution. In bark of P. laevigata and S. molle presence of eleven heavy metals was evaluated, as indicator of environmental impact in San Luis Potosí, México. Based on the presence of both species on a soil system fragmented agricultural uses, rural settlements, trade and services, urban settlements and mineral uses, bark samples were taken during summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons. In each species thirty exemplars were sampled. Concentrations of Al, As, Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn were determined by applying the ICP-MS technique, and for data analysis the General lineal model was applied. Results indicated that the average concentrations vary according to Ni> Al> Zn> Pb > Cu> As> Ti> V> Cd> Cr> Co. The presence of heavy metals was determined by the species effect, land use and season, and the relationship between these factors. The pepper tree bark was found to have higher concentrations of Al, As, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Ti. The highest concentrations of Al, Cu, Cr, Co and Ni were in the fall season. The urban settlement showed higher concentrations of Al, Co, Cr, Ni, Ti and V; meanwhile in the mining soil use Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb were relevant. The potential bio-indicator value of bark of both species was evidenced. Consequently, it is convenient to continue with these studies to increase knowledge of the environmental conditions of the San Luis Potosí. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oasis irrigated by the Mendoza River (Province of Mendoza, Argentina) -like most cities at present- is facing problems such as urban encroachment into agricultural land, multiplicity of users, and reduced availability of water resources, both in quantity and quality. Efforts and investments have been made to secure water availability (improved efficiencies, water saving); however, this is not the case as regards preservation of water quality. The agricultural sector in Mendoza has become the victim of pollution caused by urban and industrial development due to effluent discharges (point and/or diffuse) in the irrigation network. Studies conducted in Mendoza's Northern Oasis have shown high levels of phosphate pollution in the Mendoza River. The objective of this paper is to study the spatio-temporal evolution as well as the sources of this type of pollution. The study, which was based on a number of samplings carried out from 2003 to 2009, points to moderate levels of phosphate pollution in the Northern Oasis irrigated by the Mendoza River. Considerably high phosphate levels were also detected at three specific sites in the oasis: 1. the area irrigated by the Cacique Guaymallén and Jocolí canals (phosphate levels were six times the phosphate content in the water: from 0.2 mg L-1 at site R I to 1-2 mg L-1 at site C II); downstream of this latter site only a small area of 7300 ha is irrigated; 2. the area irrigated by the Pescara Canal downstream of site DVIII (1,250 ha), with mean content values seventeen times higher (8.5 mg L-1) than at site D I (0.49 mg L-1), where agricultural and stormwater runoff is discharged; 3. the Lower Mendoza River area, where phosphate content increased sixteen times in the middle and tail-end sections of the system, with mean values ranging from 0.2 mg L-1 at site R II to 3.25 mg L-1 at R III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mendoza River irrigates the province's northern oasis, where the population of Greater Mendoza is concentrated. Urban growth has encroached upon, surrounded and traversed originally agricultural land with an intricate network of irrigation canals and drains, and urban storm drainage collectors. In order to analyze the evolution of water quality in the basin, sampling sites were strategically selected: three sampling points (RI to RIII) along the river starting at the Cipolletti diversion dam; five sampling points along the canal system (CI to CV); and seven sampling points at drainage collectors (DI to DVII). The samples were tested for temperature, pH, soluble and solid ions (suspended, settleable (10 minutes), total, fixed and volatile). The drainage system samples were tested for only the first three parameters. Statistical methodology included descriptive, inferential and spatial analyses of each variable. No differences in pH and total volatile solids were found between sampling points; however, differences were observed in the other variables, in general between RIII and RII with respect to RI. While samples from canals and RI exhibit no differences as regards carbonates and total volatile solids, differences are found in all the other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mendoza, Argentina, more of 60 % of the agricultural producers has smaller estates of 10 ha, with productive models that do not reach the sustentability of the familiar group. This paper identifies actions that improve their socioeconomic situation at the present time, througt of variables of familiar income, level of association and some practice of management for make comparisions between groups. Studied a sample of farmers's of the Mendoza River. Farmers whose farms were smaller than 10 ha was inqueried with additional questonnaire in order to identify levels of association and their results. Vitiviniculture and olive growing was analyzed with more details, thought news questionnaire and deep interviews. The results show that 42 % of the farmers have got vineyards, 30 % are olive grower and 28 % are farmers that growing vegetables, fruits and flowers. The highest level of association was founded between grapevine growers. In the other activities is very low or null. Comparing groups, majors levels of poverty there are in farmers smaller than 10 ha and low technology. Furthermore in vitiviniculture, the smallest levels of incomes was founded in no associated farmers. Inside the population studied, poverty is greatest in salaried people than owners of farms. This paper identify to training has someone activity for improvement the social and economic situation of the farmers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]