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Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dropped appendicolith following an appendectomy is a rare complication which may occur as a consequence of appendicolith expulsion from the appendix due to a previous perforation or failure to identify the appendicolith. A fecalith generally becomes symptomatic over time, as a result of abscess formation, intestinal obstruction, fistula tract or inflammation of the appendiceal stump. Two cases of dropped appendicolith following an appendectomy are described hereinbelow. Case 1: A 23-year-old female patient, who underwent an appendectomy the previous day, was admitted to the emergency room due to hypogastric pain. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a dropped appendicolith in the right iliac fossa, and a diagnostic laparoscopy showed intra-abdominal abscesses and a dropped appendicolith in the appendicular stump. Case 2: A 77-year-old male patient, who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis caused by appendicoliths, showed abdominal distension on the sixth postoperative day. The CT scan revealed intestinal obstruction and a dropped appendicolith at bowel loops. In the surgical reintervention, erosion of the mesentery caused by the appendicolith was evidenced. Both patients progressed after the reoperations. The incidence of dropped appendicolith following an appendectomy is currently unknown since few data are available in the literature worldwide. Therefore, it is important to present these cases to expand the casuistry, learn more about dropped appendicoliths following an appendectomy, demonstrate their complications if they are not removed early and show how to prevent them. In conclusion, dropped appendicoliths following an appendectomy must be removed early to avoid complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constipation is one of the most common pediatric entities that the pediatrician sees in daily consultation. It is functional in 90-95% of cases. The diagnosis of constipation is based on the Rome IV criteria. Divided according to age group, in infants and toddlers under 4 years of age and in children and adolescents between 4-18 years of age. The treatment consists of a disimpaction stage and a maintenance stage with medical treatment, which includes 5 main classes of laxatives: mass formers, stimulants, osmotics, emollients and secretagogues. Regarding commonly used therapies, they include polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG), sennosides, lactulose, milk of magnesia, among others. There is no evidence on the association between increased fluid intake, fiber treatment, use of probiotics and improvement in constipation. The aim of this chapter is to learn about new constipation therapies that have been approved in adults such as lubiprostone, linaclotide, tegaserod and prucalopride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We described three cases of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie's syndrome, chronic duodenal ileus, or cast syndrome. This syndrome occurs when the third portion of the duodenum is compressed between the SMA and the aorta. The major risk factors for development of SMA syndrome are rapid weight loss and surgical correction of spinal deformities. The clinical presentation of SMA syndrome is variable and nonspecific, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss. The diagnosis is based on endoscopic, radiographic and tomographic findings of duodenal compression by the SMA. The treatment of SMA syndrome is aimed at the precipitating factor, which usually is related to weight loss. Therefore, conservative therapy with nutritional supplementation is the initial approach, and surgery is reserved for those who do not respond to nutritional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of a male 2 months old with incarcerated inguinal hernia box 20 hours old with no history of constipation, associated with vomiting, manual reduction is attempted without success. During surgery we found no ischemic compromise sigmoid rectum containing a compact fecal mass causing the incarceration which was resolved with caudocefálica taxis, enemas and herniorrhaphy, showing good results. This case is a rare manifestation of incarceration, we found no similar cases in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a two month old male with incarcerated inguinal hernia, twenty hours of evolution with associated vomiting. There was no history of constipation. Manual reduction of the hernia was unsuccessful. During surgery the sigmoid was not ischemic; it contained a compact fecal mass which caused the incarceration. This condition was successfully resolved with caudoceophalic taxis, rectal enemas and hernioplasty. This patient had an unusual form of incarceration. We could not find a similar case in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]