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Background: Forage and feedstuff technologies with additives contributed to more efficient nutrition of herbivores. Aim. To evaluate the microbial content of feces from covies fed with forages and feedstuffs containing various levels of oregano. Materials and methods: This paper comprised two studies, one on El Romeral Farm, Guachapala Canton, the University of Cuenca, located on S 2o45'54", W 78o42'58", 2 254 m above sea level; and another at Molihers food processing factory, in Ochoa Leon, on S 2o49'48", W 78o59'12", 2 600 m above sea level. The control (T1) consisted of feeds for covies (Molihers); the other treatment (T2) was based on Phytogenics, at a rate of 2 kg/ton. Treatment 3 (T3), used phytogenics (3 kg/ton); whereas treatment 4 (T4) contained phytogenics (5 kg/ton). all the treatments contained 13.5% protein. A completely randomized experimental design was used, along with one-way ANOVA. The microbiological composition of feces was measured. Results: The fecal bacterial burden was reduced (P <0.05) using oregano, in comparison to the control. Conclusions: The nutrition of covies using alfalfa and feeds containing phytogenic additives such as oregano at 3 and 4 kg/t doses of the feed proved effective, the bacterial and parasitic counts in the feces were reduced due to the organic principles in the oregano supplemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forage and feedstuff technologies with additives contributed to more efficient nutrition of herbivores. Aim. To evaluate the productive performance and organoleptic quality of meat from covies fed forages and feedstuffs containing various levels of oregano. Methods: This paper consisted of two studies, one on El Romeral Farm, Guachapala Canton, the University of Cuenca, located on S 2o45'54", W 78o42'58", 2 254 m above sea level. Another study was developed in sheds belonging to Molihers food processing factory in Ochoa Leon, on S 2o49'48", W 78o59'12", 2 600 m above sea level. The control (T1) consisted of feeds for covies (Molihers); the other treatment (T2) relied on phytogenics at a rate of 2 kg/ton. Treatment 3 (T3) used phytogenics (3 kg/ton), whereas treatment 4 (T4) contained phytogenic products (5 kg/ton). All the treatments had 13.5% protein. A completely randomized experimental design was used, along with one-way ANOVA. The final weight was measured after 115 days. Results: No significant differences were found between the treatments for the final weight in the two trials. There were no differences in the organoleptic quality indexes, except for the color and crust for the Molihers in T3 and T4. Conclusions: The nutrition of covies using alfalfa and feeds containing phytogenic product additives such as oregano at 3 and 4 kg. t dose of the feed proved effective. The final weights were similar to the control animals, and the organoleptic characteristics of meat were not affected, due to the organic principles in the oregano supplemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The zootechnical additives can substitute therapies with antibiotics and offer an effective alternative to produce healthy feeds sustainably. Aim. To evaluate the effect of the inclusion of a symbiotic additive (PROBIOLEV®) in the diet of birds, based on glucane oligosaccharides, mannanes, and Bacillus subtilis E44. Materials and Methods: The experiment relied on a completely randomized design with two treatments: T-1 (basal diet or control) and T-2 (basal diet plus PROBIOLEV®). The production indicators, such as the percentage of birds included to hatching, total number of eggs per bird, and per week, feed consumption and feed conversion, and health indicators like mortality and viability, were evaluated as well. Results: Compared to the control, the birds that received the symbiotic biopreparation in the diet produced more eggs (1516 and 176) throughout the experimental period. The inclusion of the additive was observed to improve all the indicators evaluated, and caused benefits (P<0.05) in the percentage of birds in production, total eggs per bird (23.7 and 27.6), and egg conversion per feed consumed (6.3 and 5.4). Moreover, the application of the additive reduced mortality (29.7% and 12.5%), and increased bird viability (70 and 87%, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the symbiotic potential of PROBIOLEV® in the improvement of production and health indicators of heavy purebread birds. This a natural additive, which can be interesting biotechnological choice for animal production in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: Solid ruminal activators (SRA) that improve fermentation conditions in the rumen microorganisms of the cattle, used as feed additives, have gained importance in the nurturing of ruminants. They promote animal production rates and replace growth promoters, such as antibiotics, that can affect animal production and influence on their consumers microbiota; consequently, they can strongly affect human health. Knowledge gap: The solid ruminal activators are important mitigators of the generation of greenhouse gasses because they improve the digestibility of fibrous and coarse foods, widely used in the feeding of ruminant species, which are important generators of greenhouse gasses. Purpose: In the present study, three SRA were inoculated, in different percentages (0, 10 and 15%), with a microbial preparation composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). They were evaluated to assess the composition and microbiological quality of these food supplements. Methodology: Multiple samplings were carried out throughout the manufacturing process and several chemical and microbiological analyzes of the samples were performed. Results and conclusions: Supplements with crude protein (CP) values higher than 22%, low crude fiber content (CF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DVDM) higher than 80% were found in all cases. In addition, it was observed that SRA are innocuous from a microbiological point, which makes them a possible probiotic due to their high loads of LAB. In this sense, SRA are an efficient, biotechnological, alternative that could be used in cattle feeding to improve the use of forage and fibrous materials; also, they contribute to improve the environmental conditions because they support the decrease of greenhouse gasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To evaluate the chemical composition, phenolic compounds content, and in vitro methane and gas production kinetics of seven vegetable species as potential feedstuffs for ruminants feeding. Materials and methods. Seven species were evaluated: gray oak (GO), red oak (RO), prickly poppies (PP), mesquite (MES), wattle tree (WT), white mulberry (WM) and stevia (STE). The analyses of the samples were: ether extract (EE), ash, crude protein (CP), non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, acid detergent lignin (ADL), condensed tannins (CT), total phenolic compounds (TPC), in vitro dry matter true digestibility (IVDMD); as well as under in vitro ruminal conditions, gas production (GP), methane and carbon dioxide CO2 production, N-ammonia, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Results. The results show that WT, MES and WM foliage presented the highest content in CP, the highest digestibility's (IVDMD) were observed in PP, WM and STE. Otherwise, the lowest methane productions were generated by MES, RO and WM. Conclusions. According to the results in the chemical composition, PP, WM and STE presented the best nutritional quality since they showed the highest protein contents and an adequate digestibility. These results suggest that the use of PP would not affect the nutritional characteristics offered by good quality forage. In addition, the other species may be used as additives or supplements for feeding ruminants because of their higher protein and CT contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Efficient microorganisms offer a broad application spectrum in crop and animal production. Aim: to evaluate the effect of a biopreparation containing autochthonous efficient microorganisms in Guantanamo (MEAG), Cuba, on the bioproductive and hematologic parameters of swine herds. Methods: A total of 96 animals (Duroc/CC21) weighing 1.55±0.27 kg were included in the experiment since birth, and distributed in four groups with 24 repetitions, following a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted in the control and addition of the biopreparation, in 2.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mL.kg-1 doses live weight/day, orally. The experiment lasted 33 days, and the final weight, weight gain, mean daily gain, feed conversion, mortality, morbidity, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leucocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were analyzed. A simple analysis of variance was performed, and the mean differences were detected using the multiple range test. Results: The results were better (p<0.05) in the 2.0 mL dose of the MEAG/kg live weight biopreparation associated with final live weight and weight gain (0.59; 0.70, and 0.66 kg), and mean daily gain; whereas it was lower in feed conversion in the control and treatments two and three. In morbidity alone, differences between the control group and treatment three were observed, though no differences were detected between the two remaining groups. The hematological values rose with larger doses, but within the normal range. Conclusions: The utilization of MEAG as a feed additive improves the bioproductive and hematological parameters of swine herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high number of dogs and cats throughout Brazil results in an overpopulation of stray animals in urban areas, presenting a risk to public, animal health and the environment. The use of contraceptive methods, whether medicated or surgical, are indicated as a control to decrease the number of stray animals. The use of progestogens in veterinary medicine has been growing indiscriminately in recent years to control the estrous cycle of both bitches and cats in order to reduce the birth of puppies. However, these pharmacological preparations cause undesirable effects on the physiology of the females and can cause serious local or systemic diseases that can lead the animal to death. Due to their low cost, easy distribution and few requirements for their commercialization, progestogens are substances easily found in feed houses, petshops and veterinary clinics, being accessible to anyone, being the class of contraceptives most used in animals mainly by tutors who apply continuous and without a veterinary clinical basis leading to serious reproductive pathological complications. Based on this, the objective of this study was to report a clinical case on dystocia and fetal death with emphysematous changes in puppies suggestive of indiscriminate use of contraceptive medication in a mixed breed cat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bee pollen is a natural product composed of several nutrients, rich in free amino acids and with low fat content, as well as prophylactic and therapeutic properties, while that propolis is a natural product used in several ways as apitherapy in popular medicine and anti-inflammatory agent. Researches are being performed aiming to use of alternative ingredients in animal production in order to promote a better growth performance and to improve the health status of animals that are submitted to stressful production conditions. In this sense, products of apicultural origin are being used as therapeutic food additives and are showing benefits to animals in several studies. However, there is a great divergence in the results found in the literature regarding the correct use of these apiculture additives and the real benefits when used in animal nutrition, making the compilation of these data and their discussion relevant. Considering the nutritional composition and therapeutic effects of these two bee products and the possible benefits they can bring to the animals of production. Thus, this bibliographic review was carried out with the objective of discussing the main therapeutic properties and the use of pollen and of propolis bee in the nutrition of non-ruminant animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 134 animals of the pig categories piglets, pre-fattening, initial fattening and finishing, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, in order to evaluate the effect of non-conventional diets with microorganisms on the live weight gain, under production conditions. The treatments were: I: with native microorganisms, and II: control. The animals received the same feeding in the two treatments based on a broth elaborated with cattle slaughter residues, besides bran, which was supplied in two parts: in the morning and in the afternoon, plus the dose of microorganisms. The difference among the live weight ranges on each sampling date was compared through a non-parametric test for independent means (Mann-Whitney U test). The same was done for the mean daily gain in each experimental group and animal category. The live weight gains were 92 vs. 62; 319 vs. 216; 769 vs. 496 and 534 vs. 454 g animal-1 day-1 for the categories piglet, pre-fattening, initial fattening and finishing, in treatments I and II, respectively. According to the results, it is concluded that native microorganisms in the non-conventional feedstuff that was used allowed an increase of the mean daily gain and of the live weight in the animals of all categories, the decrease of the fattening period and an increase of the economic incomes for the enterprise of $ 11 307,16 CUP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta reseña tiene como objetivo brindar información sobre las principales investigaciones desarrolladas, durante 50 años, por el Instituto de Ciencia Animal de la República de Cuba en el tema del uso de aditivos en la alimentación animal. Se abordan, fundamentalmente, aspectos relacionados con aditivos nutricionales y zootécnicos utilizados en animales monogástricos y rumiantes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innovación Tecnológica is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Medicina Veterinaria & Zootecnica is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru is the property of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Peru is the property of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with corn distillery residues on the performance of heifers in an association of grass and leucaena. The study was conducted in an area of the Experimental Station "Indio Hatuey" , Perico municipality, Matanzas province, Cuba. The prevailing pasture species was Panicum maximum cv. Likoni and as legume, Leucaena leucocephala. Eighteen heifers, distributed in a completely randomized design in three groups of six animals, were used; the control group did not receive supplementation (A), and the other two groups were supplemented with corn distillery residues in 10% (B) and 20% (C) of the protein requirements with regards to live weight. The chemical composition, dry matter availability, live weight gain, parasite infestation and hematocrit were determined. When analyzing the daily gain per treatments, significant differences (P<0,05) were found and the highest values were obtained in treatment C (805 g/animal/day); while A and B showed 479 and 572 g/animal/day, respectively. The hematocrit values (between 28,1 and 30,5%), as well as the egg count, were maintained, without significant differences among treatments. The supplementation with distillery corn residues was concluded to influence positively the mean daily gain, and it also maintained the hematocrit values within the recommended range for cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presentan los resultados de investigaciones sobre el uso del Diformiato Potásico estabilizado (nombre comercial Formi®) como inhibidor del crecimiento bacteriano de la salmonella en cerdos. Se describe el efecto antimicrobiano del producto en el ecosistema intestinal porcino y se ofrecen indicaciones sobre cómo incorporar dicho producto a la alimentación de los cerdos.

The present work was carried out at the ranch "La Piramide" in the town of Aldama, Tamaulipas. The effect of three different supplementation levels was evaluated (3, 4 and 5 kg of concentrated cow-1 day-1) for milk production and body weight of first-calf heifers under grazing conditions. The cows were fed star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) and the supplement provided contained 18.0% of crude protein. 30 nursing Swiss Brown x Zebu heifers were used, with an average weight of 367.1 ± 29.6kg. A random design was used with three treatments and 10 repetitions (cows) for treatment. The average milk production was 7.7 ± 1.0kg day-1. The mean final body weight was 395.8 ± 21. 1 kg. In both cases there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed due to treatments. The results in this study conclude that supplementation of concentrate did not affect the milk production and the heifers body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on 123 Tabasco sheep of 29.700 kg average body weight was conducted during 60 d. Animals were fed with maize silage and divided in three treatments: T1, 40 sheep were feed normal maize silage. Sheep in T2 (n=40) were offered lactic maize silage (SL). T3 (n=40) were fed with SL and 150 g/d/animal of slow intake nitrogen supplement (SNLC). SL was prepared with a probiotic (lactic bacteria culture). One cannulated sheep per treatment was used for ruminal physiology trials. DM digestibility increased from 50.22% (T1) to 72.51% and 84.16% in T2 and T3, respectively. T3 presented the highest ruminal NH3 concentration (71.9 mg/100mi). Fibre potential digestibility augmented from 41% (T1), to 77% (T3) (P<0.05). True digestibility increased from 29% (T1) to 39% (T2) and 49% (T3). The apparent dry matter intake (g/kg PV0.75) was 90, 120 and 135 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Nitrogen digestibility increased from 56% (T1) to 86% (T3). Purine derivatives increased in the probiotic diets (P<0.05). Body weight gains were 0.174 kg/d (T1), 0.272 kg/d (T2) and 0.295 kg/d (T3) (P<0.05). Slow intake nitrogen supplements improve sheep diets and their productivity. Lactic silage and probiotics in sheep diets improved significantly the degradation of plant cell walls and ruminal microbial protein production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El trabajo se desarrolló durante un año en una vaquería DESA-120. Se utilizaron en total 45 vacas lecheras, de la raza Siboney de Cuba, desde el inicio de lactancia. Estas se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en tres tratamientos de 15 animales cada uno: a) suplementación, con 100 % de pienso comercial; b) suplementación, con 50 % de pienso comercial y 50 % de Norgold y c) suplementación, con 100 % de Norgold. Todos los animales pastaron juntos, durante 16 h diarias, en cuartones de gramíneas puras (guinea Likony y pasto estrella) o en asociación de gramíneas y leguminosas (guinea Likony y leucaena). Los resultados de la producción de leche no expresaron diferencias entre los tratamientos (14.7, 14.4 y 14.8 kg/vaca/d, para 100 % de pienso, 50 % de pienso - 50 % de Norgold y 100 % Norgold, respectivamente). Con respecto a la producción de leche por lactancia, los animales de primera lactancia produjeron menos (P < 0.001) que los de la segunda y tercera. Los análisis de la calidad láctea demostraron que el porcentaje de grasa de la leche de los animales suplementados con 100 % de Norgold fue menor (P < 0.01) que el del resto de los animales, que no difirieron entre sí (3.98, 3.99 y 3.73 % para los tratamientos con 100 % de pienso, 50 % de pienso comercial y 50 % de Norgold y 100 % Norgold, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias entre los demás componentes lácteos. El consumo diario de suplemento por vaca no indicó diferencias entre los tratamientos y estuvo en el orden de 4.7 a 4.8 kg de materia fresca/vaca en ordeño/d. El costo del litro de leche producido por concepto del suplemento indicó que el menor costo (P < 0.001) fue para la leche de los animales suplementados con 100 % de Norgold (0.09, 0.08 y 0.06 $/L de leche), para los tratamientos con 100 % de pienso, 50 % de pienso comercial y 50 % de Norgold, respectivamente. Los resultados del peso vivo y de los principales indicadores reproductivos no presentaron diferencias entre los tratamientos. Se concluye que, en las condiciones de este estudio, la utilización de Norgold en la suplementación a vacas lecheras en pastoreo no afectó la producción de leche, el peso vivo ni el comportamiento reproductivo. Sin embargo, disminuyeron los costos de producción por concepto de suplementación, entre 11.1 y 33.3 %. Se recomiendan estudios con mayor número de animales y duración, en los que se contemplen otras mediciones como la salud general del animal lechero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se utilizaron 300 pollos de ambos sexos del híbrido comercial cubano EB-34, de un día de edad, distribuidos en tres tratamientos (0, 0.5 y 1 % de orégano incluido en la dieta), según diseño completamente aleatorizado para evaluar su efecto como aditivo, en el comportamiento productivo del pollo de ceba. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias para el peso vivo (1714, 1690 y 1680 g) pero con la inclusión de 0.5 % de orégano, el consumo de pienso fue menor que al incluir 1 % (3706, 3461 y 3578 g/ave) , mientras que el grupo control presentó mayor conversión (2.15, 2.08 y 2.10), mayor consumo de proteína (648, 601 y 627 g) y mayor conversión proteica (0.387, 0.361 y 0.379 g/g para 0, 0.5 y 1 % de orégano en la dieta, respectivamente). Estos resultados sugieren que es factible incluir en la dieta aditivos fitógenicos como el orégano. Sin embargo, se requieren nuevas investigaciones que validen su efecto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]