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Knowing the diversity and uses of corn is essential for food security. The characteristics of the seeds are important because they have particular characteristics that producers look for in their consumption or storage. In ten maize materials (seven natives and three free pollination varieties) information was obtained on the morphometric characteristics in seeds (length, width, thickness, and area), percentage of floury and crystalline endosperm through images, hardness with the help of a Sitophilus texturometer and oviposition through of a staining technique. Differences were identified between all the materials in all the variables analyzed. The Sac beh and Nukuch nah materials registered higher hardness, they also excelled in the amount of crystalline endosperm registering 85 and 84% respectively, however, the Sac beh was one of the most affected with the oviposition of Sitophilus with nine eggs per 10 seeds on average, in contrast to Chac choc (red seed) which was not affected. The variability within the native materials can provide alternatives for genetic improvement programs oriented to postharvest handling and have characteristics that together reduce the effects of the Sitophilus attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maturation studies are important for establishing the harvest time, in this view we aim to evaluate the maturation of Lecythis pisonis fruits and seeds. Fruits and seeds with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months old was studied about morphology and morphometry, the fresh mass of seeds in fruits (%), the water content (%) and the dry mass of seeds (g), and chemical constituents of the reserves in seeds with 4 and 5 months old. In the emergence test, seedling emergence and root protrusion, mortality and seed dormancy were determined. The fruits became ellipticalovoid on 2 months, distinguishing the median region in which the calicin is present and a constriction that marks the operculum. The arillate seeds were formed in four locules. At the beginning the seeds were hyaline and became brown until 4 months and the embryo was observed from 3rd month, but it remained undifferentiated and surrounded by endosperm, with lipid reserves. The seeds of 5 months old presented 60.3% of the water content, higher dry mass (3 g), greater emergence (67.0 ± 15.3%) and lower mortality (9%), but 9% was dormant. The morphological maturity of fruits and seeds was achieved on 4 months but physiological maturity occurs on 5 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basidiomycet Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae infects the maize plant causing important losses in regions with adequate conditions for disease development. In this work, the response to selection of six and five cycles of selection in a white and a yellow endosperm maize populations improved through S1 recurrent selection for desirable agronomic characters, grain yield and resistance to head smut were evaluated. In a separate trial, same cycles were planted to measure progress in disease resistance and to evaluate a new method of inoculation were artificially inoculated. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for the yield trials and two replications in the inoculated trial. Cycles evaluated in the two populations showed an increase in disease resistance of 0.94 y 1.2% cycle-1, and a genetic gain in grain yield of 272.9 y 620 kg ha-1 cycle-1 for the white and yellow endosperm populations, respectively. Results showed that recurrent S1 selection was efficient in improvement of grain yield and resistance to head smut in both populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of cooked quinoa flour Altiplano (HQA), soluble fiber of tara endosperm (FST) and insoluble of agave leaves (FIA) on sensory properties of cookies and their physiological response in rats. Sensory tests were performed with the participation of consumers by hedonic test with unstructured scale. For the biological evaluation, 20 Holtzman rats were used that received during 30 days the diets containing cookies with: T1 = wheat flour, T2 = 15% HQA, T3 = 2.85% FST + 2.85% FIA, T4 = 15% HQA + 2,85% FST + 2.85% FIA. The determination of apparent biological value (VBA) and somatic indicators (body mass index, Lee index, thoracic and abdominal circumference) was made. The data were analyzed under a completely randomized design and for comparison of means the Tukey test was used by the Minitab v.17.1.0 program. Cookies containing quinoa had greater acceptability (p < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. There were no differences (p > 0.05) between the treatments for VBA and somatic indicators. The cookies including quinoa cooked Altiplano, independently or in combination, had greater apparent digestibility and acceptability by consumers; moreover, all the treatments maintained an adequate physiological response in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to find out how the pollen of corn is dispersed in a seed production field without isolation, and the implications on genetic quality of the seed, a field test was established (189 m long by 42.5 m wide) during Spring-Summer season of 1992 in Texcoco, Mexico. Three corn populations with contrasting endosperm composition were planted: two of normal field corn and other of sweet corn. The sweet corn variety was surrounded by three rows of the normal corn varieties. The variables measured were plant and ear length, male and female flowering period, percent of normal grain as indicator of the cross of the normal type varieties over the sweet type. Lack of physical isolation and coincidence of flowering periods favored crossing of the varieties. Pollen dispersion and contamination within the field followed a normal distribution; there were variations in the distance and level of contamination due to wind direction and vigor differences of contaminant plants. The lowest grade of contamination was 1 % in the central part of the field. According to the response surface obtained, 25 border rows are recommended to obtain seed free of contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería Agrícola y Biosistemas is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fourteen F2 segregating families, from crosses among Peruvian racial composites of maize with two Andean pools formed with a considerable proportion of Andean germplasm, homocigous for the gene opaque -- 2, were selfcrossed. The ears were harvested and selected for their similarities with the racial composites. Ten ears of each family were evaluated by their morphological characteristics: ear length, ear width, cob diameter, rachis diameter, grain depth, and ear row number. Ten seeds representative of each ear were evaluated for their pericarp, aleurone and endosperm colors. Comparisons of the morphological parameters were done between the segregating families and the Peruvian racial composites. In order to check the presence of the opaque 2 gene that improve the quality protein maize by reducing the levels of zein in the kernel, five grains of each ear were analyzed chemically. A rapid turbidimetric analysis for zein based on Paulis et al. (1974) method was carried out. The opaque variety PMS 267 was used as check. The Andean pools 1 and 2 showed to be good progenitors to incorporate the opaque-2 gene, without modifying the Andean characters of the ears in the offspring population evaluated. In all the racial composites, the opaque-2 gene that increases the quantity of two essential amino acids in the grain was introduced. Neither the grain type nor the color was modified. The method of selection of similar ears to the Peruvian progenitor in the first generations of self crosses is a good method, being faster than the backcross method in order to incorporate this gene and to maintain it in the offspring populations. In that way it is possible to maintain the opaque-2 gene in high frequency in the Peruvian maize diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectimorf, a new Cuban bioregulator whose active principle is a mixture of oligosacarides of pectic origin, having the capacity to induce and develop rooting, to stimulate callus growth and remarkably increase the development and vigour of vitroplants in different cultures, is a promising alternative in crop biotechnology. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the effect of single and combined Pectimorf with GA3 and IAA on the composition of sugarcane artificial seed capsule. The work was made with somatic embryos obtained in calluses from segments of the most internal leaf of sugarcane plants, CP52-43 variety, planted under field conditions with nine months of age. Artificial endosperm became rich with Pectimorf (10 mg·L-1), that was combined with GA3 (0 and 2.0 mg·L-1) and IAA (0 and 0.5 mg·L-1) and a control treatment without hormones. Results showed a synergic effect of Pectimorf with IAA, which increased in the percentage of capsule germination, without reaction in the oligosaccharide interaction with gibberellin. When Pectimorf was applied as a single one, although it increased the number of plants, it was in detriment of the quality of them; the size, number of leaves and length decreased significantly and at the final evaluation, these capsules presented a high number of deformed plants that was not possible to evaluate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]