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The work analyzes the contents of the Spanish Decree that determines the procedure for the free allocation of greenhouse gas emission quotas and the exclusions from the European emissions market during the five-year period 2026-2030, all in application of the provisions of the Directive 2003/87 in its consolidated version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law Studies Journal / Revista Novos Estudos Juridicos is the property of Novos Estudos Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The EU aims to reduce emissions by at least 55% by 2030. To achieve this, the European Commission launched proposals to introduce price signals through the modification or extension of the Emission Trading Scheme and the Energy Tax Directive. These instruments could have a negative impact on households and companies' competitiveness. This research focuses on the one hand, on the role of energy taxation in the achievement of climate objectives and budget stability. And, on the other, in analysing the role of taxation to develop compensatory measures so that the transition is efficient, socially fair and inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Up-to-date Bibliographic References" presents a list of books and monographs related to different environmental topics. Some of the included topics are aquaculture, agriculture, water, food, emission rights allocation, atmosphere, biodiversity, biotechnology, climate change, hunting, and emissions trading. The mentioned books address legal and technical aspects related to each topic. [Extracted from the article]

A creditor whose credit right is guaranteed by a personal guarantee could see its credit position worsen not only in case of a structural change of the debtor, but also when it is of the guarantor. However, while the current regulations sets forth creditor's protection mechanisms in cases of structural change of the debtor where universal succession takes place, the applicability of those protection mechanisms in the event of a structural change of the guarantor is not obvious. This study aims at arguing in favor of the recognition of the right of opposition of creditors who are beneficiaries of guarantees upon a structural change of the guarantor, as well as pointing out some other resources that might be available to such creditors vis-à-vis the guarantor (or the debtor) in a case of universal succession in the absence of protection mechanisms provided by the law for such a case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the birth of air pollutant regulation and its transformation, which, formerly under state control, moved on to a regime based on market instruments. The author shows the gradual commercialization of the approach to air pollution problems, whose origins can be traced to the United States, summarized in three different historic moments: the Emission Trading Program (1982), the Average between Refineries (1985), and the Acid Rain Program (1995). These experiments, in a framework of the command and control environmental regulatory regime, led to the creation of the first atmospheric contaminant emissions market in world history and opened up the road to the new "cap and trade" environmental regulatory regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates Central American countries' participation in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which was instituted by the Kyoto Protocol to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The authors examine whether this mechanism promotes sustainable development in host countries, whose economies are relatively small. Simultaneously, the authors conduct a multi-criteria evaluation of large-scale CDM projects in Central America. Findings show that the mechanism advances host countries' current priorities, rather than promoting sustainable development, thereby failing to meet one of the objectives of the CDM. Economic progress is a high priority at the local level and, accordingly, economic benefits outweigh social benefits, with local environmental costs being incurred in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current configuration of the EU Emission Trading System is a consequence of innovative and in some sense experimental regulation, whose practical application has generated many conflicts. But it is also a consequence of the decisive jurisprudential doctrine that arose from the courts in resolving these conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Presupuesto y Gasto Publico is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Royal Decree 301/2011 establishes mitigation measures equivalent to participation in the emissions trading scheme for the exclusion of small-scale installations. This regulation complies with the provisions of Law 1/2005, which allows for the exclusion from the emissions trading scheme of installations that emit less than 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide. In order to obtain the exclusion, applicants must provide documentary evidence of compliance with mitigation measures. The decree also establishes a monitoring, verification, and reporting system for excluded installations, as well as simplified measures for installations with verified annual emission volumes. [Extracted from the article]

The European Union has pioneered the adoption of binding greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets and measures to address the climate change challenge for more than a decade. Amongst them, the European Union Emissions Trading System plays a central role. This article addresses the evolution of European climate policies, from the first emission reduction targets that were assumed under the Kyoto Protocol to the recent adoption of the 2030 climate an energy framework. Due to its importance, special attention is paid to the European Union emissions trading system, an essential tool to meet these targets at regional level and a cornerstone of European climate policies, now working for more than ten years. In this context, the European Union emissions have significantly decreased, although the effort ahead is, without any doubt, still remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si bien el Protocolo de Kyoto proporcionó un marco para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de las naciones industrializadas, las actuales negociaciones sobre cambio climático anticipan futuros compromisos de los principales emisores de carbono entre los países en desarrollo. Se utiliza aquí una versión actualizada del modelo de equilibrio general del Proyecto de Análisis del Comercio Global (gtap-e) para analizar los efectos económicos de la reducción de las emisiones de carbono bajo diferentes hipótesis de comercio de derechos de emisión. La participación de países en desarrollo como China y la India reduciría los costos de ese comercio. Las repercusiones en América Latina varían si se trata de un país exportador o importador de energía y si se reducen o no las emisiones estadounidenses. Los efectos en el bienestar podrían ser negativos según el sistema de comercio de derechos adoptado y los socios comerciales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se analizan decretos y sentencias en Derecho Ambiental de la Unión Europea (UE) y España emitidos entre octubre y diciembre de 2013. Entre éstos se incluyen varios acuerdos de la UE en materia de derechos de emisión de gases contaminantes, la Ley 21/2013 de España sobre el impacto ambiental de proyectos urbanos y sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la UE sobre caso de la Comisión Europea contra España relativo a regulaciones sobre políticas de agua.

El artículo analiza decretos y sentencias en Derecho Ambiental de la Unión Europea (UE) y España emitidos entre marzo y julio de 2013. Se incluyen el Reglamento de la UE para el comercio de derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, la adaptación para España de la Directiva 2010/75/UE sobre contaminación industrial y una sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de España sobre la declaración del impacto ambiental de un proyecto urbanístico.

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of economic impacts of climate change mitigation policies requires the use of different methodologies. This article discusses the most used models in literature as well as its applications. We presents dynamic Applied General Equilibrium model (AGE) that implement a market for emissions permits. Emission markets are reality in European Union since the introduction in 2005 of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS). Through this model it is possible to estimate the minimum cost of controlling greenhouse emissions. The model is used to analyse emission reductions for the case of Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innovación Tecnológica is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se analizan decretos y sentencias en Derecho de Medio Ambiente de la Unión Europea (UE) y España entre septiembre 2008 y enero 2009. Se incluyen el Reglamento 987/2008/CE de la Comisión Europea sobre registro de los productores o importadores de sustancias químicas en la UE, el Real Decreto 2090/2008 relativo a la Ley de Responsabilidad Medioambiental de España y sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de España sobre derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero.

El artículo habla de los obligaciones establecidas bajo el Protocolo de Kioto con respecto a la reducción de emisiones en la industria empresarial. El aumento de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero es uno de los problemas ambientales que la Unión Europea combate. Unas de las surgerencias es el establecimiento de un mercado de compra-venta para las emisiones. La implementación de ahorros energéticos en los sectores hogares y de transporte también ayudarán a combatir la aumentación de emisiones.

The Kyoto Protocol and the European Directive on Emissions Trading are of utmost relevance to the European political and business leaders due to the major implications they have on countries' and companies' competitiveness as well as on the environment. However, there is a series of deeply rooted myths and beliefs that should be clarified so that decision making in relation with this issue is as much positive as possible for the environment and the economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author says that for decades, economists have been extolling virtues of market-based or economic-incentive approaches to environmental protection. Both environmental taxes and marketable permits are coming of age in the policy arena. Examples include the introduction of marketable permits in the United States to control acid rain, the use of charges in Europe to limit air and water pollution, and the employment of deposit-refund schemes for products ranging from beverage containers to batteries. Although some policymakers would likely claim that the singular objective of environmental regulation is to protect environmental quality, the decision problem actually faced by policymakers is far more complex, involving trade-offs among multiple objectives. Comparisons between conventional command-and-control regulation, including technology standards and performance standards, and market-based approaches, including taxes and markets in pollution rights, have repeatedly noted that conventional regulations fail to achieve environmental objectives in the least costly manner.

El artículo habla de las repercusiones y los compromisos que se realizaron durante el Protocolo de Kioto. En cuanto a los cambios climáticos y el incremento de la temperatura, la Unión Europea (UE) está de acuerdo que los cambios son serios y que es un problema de hoy aunque el compromiso intenta reducir 30% de las emisiones hasta el año 2020. La UE también estableció la idea de un mercado global de emisiones. El Protocolo fue una oportunidad positiva para confrontar los problemas ambientales.

The article begins with an examination of the economic instruments that, according to the doctrine, should be part of climate policies, some of which have been created in Chile, such as the green tax and others in the process of being studied, such as the emissions markets. It addresses the legal foundations of these tools in climate contexts and reviews the climate architecture to characterize it briefly based on the main adaptation and mitigation measures that are part of this environment. It examines the most well-known emissions market, the European (European Union Emissions Trading System, EU ETS); to concentrate on this mechanism in order to consider the main challenges that Chile faces in order to implement them and make recommendations on legal regulation of how it should be incorporated into the Chilean reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]