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Objective: Analyze the concept and function of regional proximities in its various dimensions, as well as its link with Regional Cross-Border Innovation Systems to promote development in the current knowledge-based economy. Methodology: Systematic review carried out on platforms such as Springer, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. The following were used as key concepts in both Spanish and English: "proximity", "regional development", "SRIT" and "knowledge economy". The initial selection was based on the evaluation of titles, summaries and results, prioritizing cutting-edge articles. Next, more detailed critical readings were performed to select relevant data. Results: Non-spatial forms of regional proximity play a fundamental role in driving collaboration and innovation. Although it is an understudied field, the relationship between a knowledge-based economy and SRIT is essential to enhance the capacity of regions to compete globally. Limitations: A unified way of addressing regional proximities has not been found, which is why the importance of identifying and taking advantage of the most relevant proximities for each context is highlighted. Conclusions: Although geographical proximity is important, other forms such as social, cognitive and organizational are crucial for regional innovation, which is why the need to consider various forms of proximity and collaboration to promote innovation and development in both environments is emphasized. cross-border as well as local. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to analyze strategic thinking as a basis for the development of entrepreneurial skills; since, the strategist considers the various moments, situations or changes in the world as an opportunity to develop various adaptations and innovations in business in order to achieve competitiveness and survival. On the other hand, entrepreneurship is a skill that allows the generation of job opportunities in a creative and planned way in a complicated context in which we are currently living in order to improve the quality of life of human beings. The main objective of the research was to determine the relationship between strategic thinking and entrepreneurial skills in university students. It is a basic research with a quantitative approach and causal correlational design. The results refer that strategic thinking is a fundamental element in the development of entrepreneurial skills, with which reality can be represented in images and ideals to generate new opportunities duly planned, with values and concrete proposals that are capable of revolutionizing the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo tiene tres objetivos: i) determinar los sectores prometedores que deben incentivarse para promover el desarrollo de los estados brasileños, ii) evaluar el impacto de la complejidad económica en el volumen de empleos y iii) simular el aumento de puestos de trabajo provocado por la adquisición de competitividad en las actividades consideradas prometedoras para cada uno de los estados. Los resultados obtenidos corroboraron el enfoque de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), que subraya el papel del cambio de la estructura productiva en el proceso de desarrollo, y reafirmaron la importancia de la complejidad para mejorar el desempeño económico de los países o las regiones, ya sea con respecto al incremento del ingreso o del volumen de empleos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article studies the effects of the competition for funds among Chilean municipalities. For this, a group of local officers with experience bidding to the Fondo de Desarrollo Regional (fndr) was interviewed. Regardless of its local relevance the competition for capital funds has been commonly scrutinized from a hierarchical perspective isolated from the administrative processes that took place before and after the fund's distribution. The article shows that the competition for fndr funds, despite securing the social return of investment, would favour better-off municipalities with larger populations jeopardizing the accomplishment of its objectives. Also, local projects would tend to seek central government compliance at the expense of what was locally proposed, evidencing an asymmetry between local and central officers. Finally, the competition would encourage the design of projects from a smaller magnitude and more visible for the community, thus affecting the development of the municipalities and the communities that inhabit them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article points out the benefits of free competition for the agenda of the current national government. It examines the possible role of the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce in achieving policy objectives such as economic, social, and environmental justice. It first synthesizes the pillars of the transformation blocks proposed by the government and then shows that adequate enforcement of competition policy contributes to achieving some social goals such as equitable distribution of resources, equality, promotion of an economy integrated by small and mediumsized enterprises, and improvement of the quality of life of the population. It then argues that the rigorous application of the competition regime is fundamental to maintain the direction of the country's economic agenda in the next four years and some reflections derived from the analysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost systems are basic instruments to support managerial decision-making processes, in the search for enterprise efficiency and the definition of strategies that support the differentiation and general competitiveness of the economic organizations that make up a society. The objective of the research associated with the present study refers to the redesign of the main work procedures of the cost system of the Unidad Empresarial de Base Extractiva "La Coloma", belonging to the Industrial Fishing Enterprise of La Coloma, starting from adjusting its production flows to the main instruments associated with the calculation and accumulation of the costs of fishing activities. For this purpose, general methods of the theoretical and empirical levels were used with the objective of characterizing and deepening the essential particularities of the research object, contributing as main result to the redesign of the operation vouchers, calculation and distribution of indirect costs and redesign of the cost sheets of the capture activities, laying the foundations for the application of more specific financial instruments that would contribute to build relevant information for the operative management of the costs and expenses derived from the Extractive Base Enterprise Units as basic units of the fishing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the OECD literature and the analysis of the cases EBSA, EPM, Electricaribe, Electrohuila and Emgesa-Efigas, the authors explore the benefits of complementarity and the problem of inconsistency that are produced by the coexistence between the Superintendency of Public Services and the Superintendency of Industry and Commerce as enforcement authorities for the promotion and protection of competition. The authors argue that the current coexistence generates inefficiencies in the functioning of the Government, a situation that could be overcome if Law 142 of 1994 is modified in the sense of equating the enforcement tools. In addition, to overcome the risk of inconsistency, it is necessary for both authorities to advance in the alternatives recommended by the OECD to improve inter-institutional coordination, such as: (i) agreements to share information; (ii) exchange of officials; and (iii) preparation of joint reports, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, a growing interest in the micro and meso economic foundations of competitiveness has emerged worldwide. Many authors have seek to explain this phenomenon using approaches that rely on endogenous and relational capabilities of firms. Relational capabilities are exercised in contact with other agents and allow knowledge that circulate among networks to be properly exploited. This paper analyzes this type of entrepreneurial skills and the links that exist between software companies in the city of Bahía Blanca. The method used to study this phenomenon is social network analysis or SNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute los desafíos y estrategias clave para construir y mantener una marca fuerte en un mercado competitivo y fragmentado. Resalta la importancia de combinar elementos tangibles (como posicionamiento y atributos de marca) con aspectos emocionales (como confianza y autenticidad) para crear conexiones duraderas con los consumidores.

The purpose of this article is to theoretically discuss the relationship between knowledge management and dynamic capabilities, a reason for the little exploration it has had in the literature on strategic management. This discussion is carried out around the theoretical approaches of the theory of the firm, the Resources-based Vision of the firm (RBV) and Knowledge-based Vision of the firm (KBV), from which it is argued that the Knowledge management allows the strategic renewal of organizations. Therefore, in this article the influence of knowledge management on the dynamic capacities of sensing, learning, seizing and coordination is exposed. Finally, some theoretical, empirical and practical implications are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic reactivation has taken on great importance in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world, as it is paralyzed by its rapid spread. The objective of this paper is to analyze from different theoretical positions the issue of economic reactivation of the industrial sector, and how it can be influenced from different ideals. This is due to the main implications that have arisen, affecting work stoppages and accelerated infections. Therefore, a theoretical approach will be considered, with the support of the literature, so that this research has the characteristics of a documentary, exploratory and descriptive analysis. Subsequently, it was possible to detect that the use of postures contributes to adopting behaviors that improve the industry, allowing them to remain active and competitive in the market, concluding that the functionality of the theories is essential when described about economic reactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this document was to empirically determine the existence of significant differences between the size of the companies according to the use of their financial management and their competitive strategy. A survey was used in 78 SMEs of the commerce sector in general, in the Municipal and Industrial delegations of the Central municipality of the state of Tabasco, for this purpose the methodology used is non-experimental, crosssectional, descriptive and with a quantitative approach. The data was studied through inferential statistics, with a one-factor ANOVA test, whose empirical results show that there are significant differences in financial management and competitive strategy with the size of the company, large businesses have a higher level of financial management, greater application of competitive strategies than medium, small and micro companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation for competition is today interest for any investigator, even more when this, it is linked to the labor environment. To meditate about the importance of the formation for competitions for the sale administration in the commercial dependent specialty constitutes the main objective of this investigation. For it becomes it necessary the bibliographical revision of the theoretical and methodological foundations that you/they sustain the formation for competition for the sale administration in the commercial dependent specialty. For what was significant the identification of the essential competitions that the commercial clerk should behave as professional of the tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute los desafíos económicos en Venezuela en el contexto de la era digital y destaca la importancia de la competitividad. El articulo tambien se centra en la transformación digital y la producción, Se discute la necesidad de optimizar recursos y procesos mediante tecnología para mejorar la competitividad empresarial. la importancia de soluciones innovadoras para superar las ineficiencias y mejorar la capacidad de consumo en una economía con ingresos muy limitados.

This article analyzes the behavior of the Economic Fitness indicator as a measure of the international competitiveness of Latin American economies, as well as an indicator of their relationship with per capita income gaps and the Human Development Index (HDI). Positive correlations were found between per capita income gaps and the stagnation of the international competitiveness of Latin American economies, as well as between human development levels and the productive structure, suggesting a causal relationship between human development and competitiveness. This paper also finds that the Economic Fitness indicator fluctuates significantly when estimated using exports in domestic value-added, suggesting that the original estimate may over- or underestimate competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the economy makes inroads into the digital industry, consumer rights are restricted and the interest of companies to innovate is limited. This raises questions regarding the validity, effects and practicality of arbitration clauses contained in the terms and conditions of digital platforms, applications, and online services. Unnoticed, questionable practices have been introduced in the drafting of these clauses, further limiting social rights that not always find support on judicial precedents. This article begins by establishing a doctrinal approach on the application of such clauses, given the academic and doctrinal inactivity on these matters in the digital sector. Based on this, it analyzes arbitration clauses in digital platforms that in recent years have been subject to investigations for anti-competitive practices. Through this analysis, a mechanism is proposed for the study of claims arising from the relationship between digital companies and consumers, as well as the use of objective terms to solve the legal problems that will inevitably result from the interaction between digital economy, consumer rights and economic competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, East Asian countries have had spectacular growth, and Latin American countries, have shown mediocre growth which has made them lag. This result is a consequence of the paradigm that has guided the East Asian countries and that has guided their development strategies and economic policies. So that it does not continue to lag, Latin America should change the paradigm, the strategy, and the economic policy. The new options should solve the old challenges and those that are emerging in the changing technological and geopolitical context. What Latin America does will determine its future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economics is a policy discipline that deals with the problems of social organization and the general good. It co-evolves with circumstances, and it is historically contingent. The world to which economic policies are ultimately addressed is a complex system. Yet economists seeking to develop appropriate policies are necessarily guided by simplifications and heuristics. The question before the discipline is to decide what sort of simplification is best suited to the task. In the spirit of modern science, this paper argues that appropriate generalizations, simplifications, heuristics, and principles are to be derived from a study of the actual world. While these may deploy mathematical tools and draw on insights from the behavior of mathematical systems, the latter by themselves are inadequate, especially where they start from the dead dogmas of the neoclassical mainstream: ex nihilo nihil fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits capitalist reproduction with a focus on equilibrium, networks, and competition. Thus, after a literature review, a three-stage model of capitalist reproduction is presented: 1) Equilibrium in goods markets is shown to limit the sectoral distribution of employment; 2) Monetary networks are proposed to reinterpret simple and extended reproduction using Markov chains, and 3) The role of intersectoral competition is incorporated to explain the emergence of the long-run average rate of profit, and some factors that could hinder this emergence are brought to light. The article then presents the main conclusions and possible avenues for future research on the complexity of capitalist reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to characterize the agro-industrial production chain of avocado in the micro region of Xalisco, Nayarit, based on the methodology of Integrated Productive Projects, which allows to achieving the competitiveness of avocado in the international market. Methodology mixed design with a general model of the same status of multiple integration design, the purpose of this approach is to make a triangulation between quantitative and qualitative data; for qualitative research, participant observation and in-depth interviews are used; regarding qualitative research, an analysis of statistical information was carried out. Results: the context of the avocado production chain was presented through an analysis of the production, the value of avocado in Nayarit and particularly in the micro region of Xalisco, standing out as the municipality with the highest production in the state; the avocado production chain is characterized through the Integrated Productive Projects (PPI) methodology, outlining a mapping of the chain, specifying the actors involved in it, as well as the location. Limitations: the cooperation of the actors to carry out the interviews. Conclusions: It is proposed as a strategy to form a formal chain through the Avocado Cluster, since by themselves achieving competitiveness has not been possible at least at the levels they intend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 accelerated the transformations that have been taking place in the international life since 2008. These have been materialized in, a competition between economic giants, a weakening in the world governance, a reconfiguration of capitalism with technology and a breakdown of the trust of societies in democracy. This has led to a new reconfiguration of material capacities, institutions and ideas, and demonstrates that what the world is currently experiencing is the closing of a historical cycle and the weakening of the hegemonic structure of the United States. Based on this panorama, the opportunities and challenges presented by the new emerging countries are analyzed in the light of the concept of power, illustrated by critical theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Nowadays we find ourselves in a competitive world where it is indispensable for a company to acquire and assimilate external knowledge to transform its business practices and exploit it to ensure its sustainability in the market. Objective. This research aims to identify the relationship between the dimensions of the absorptive capacity construct in companies belonging to the service and industry sectors, due to their high contribution to the GDP, located in the city of Bucaramanga. Materials and methods. A questionnaire composed of 13 items, rated on a Likert scale from 1 to 5, according to the dimensions of the dynamic capacity of knowledge absorption, was used as a technique to collect the data. The methodology used to analyze the information was under the econometric method of simple linear regression. Results. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded with a confidence level of 95 % that there is an influence between all the dimensions for the analyzed companies. Conclusion. For an organization to exploit its knowledge for commercial purposes, it is necessary to develop the dimensions of acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation which integrate the dynamic capacity for the absorption of knowledge, and in turn has personnel with the skills to articulate the knowledge identified in the environment with the practices of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes factors of the development and diffusion of knowledge and innovation for technologies associated with direct uses of geothermal energy (DUGE) in Mexico, within the context of energy transition policies during the period 2008-2019. The Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) approach was employed for this analysis, given its usefulness in identifying the mechanisms that determine the development and diffusion of an emerging technology in a system. The analysis also involved the elaboration of two thematic models of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), the results of which showed that TIS for DUGE in Mexico is in a formative stage and is driven by science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In updating the Cuban economic model, the need to advance in the achievement of competitive state-owned companies is raised, due to the phenomenon of globalization and changes in the Cuban economy. The importance of this project lies in the identification of the driving and dependent factors as a way to analyze the competitiveness of the Cuban company. Objective: develop a conception for the evaluation of competitiveness from the identification of motor skills-dependence of the factors that influence its scope and its analysis. Methods: Abstraction, historical-logical, questionnaires: surveys and interviews (to know the opinion of the managers and workers of the company and experts on the subject), documentary review (to verify compliance with the provisions in the governing documents and capture secondary information processed by the company), statistical-mathematical. Results: A conception was developed for the evaluation of competitiveness. Through its application, it was observed that the company under study presents limitations in its competitiveness that affect its productions, such as: the lack of access to external sources of financing and the obsolescence of the technological and automotive park. Conclusions: The conception of the applied analysis demonstrated its methodological value in that it allowed to identify the main problems that influence the competitiveness of the company, the analysis carried out highlights the preponderance of management factors for the achievement of competitiveness in the context of the Cuban company. The degree of competitiveness of EMPLAC is not satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2018, the Government approved the National Competitiveness and Productivity Plan, in order to delineate the paths to follow to increase the population's welfare based on economic growth. Within this Plan, key elements are the deployment of quality economic and social infrastructure as well as the development of an adequate business environment, closely linked to the procedure for the issuance of building permits whose regulation has been affected by Ordinance No. 2087-MML, through which the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima regulates the approval procedure of Road Impact Studies. As explained below, although various aspects of this Ordinance have already been declared bureaucratic barriers, there are still tasks to be accomplished to achieve an efficient and effective procedure in accordance with the current legal framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, all organizations support their business processes by incorporating software products. These products over time must be modified for different reasons. While the product is in operation, it will require maintenance. Given the criticality of the maintainability of the products, it is very important that each time the requirements of a new software are specified, it is clearly established what to do to ensure that it can be maintained over time. This article presents an investigation whose objective is to present some important considerations of the maintenance process, which must be taken into account when specifying the maintainability attribute, in such a way that later it can be validated that the product is actually maintainable. For this, some challenges of the maintenance process, metrics associated with the maintainability of the products and some recommendations to get its correct specification are presented. The main conclusion obtained is that organizations should collect over time, historical data related to the adjustments and changes made in the product. In addition, given the relevance of the maintainability attribute, in the specification of requirements should include functional and process aspects that allow objectively validate later if a product is maintainable or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to expose Quevedo as a city with significant economic presence and opportunities in the province of Los Ríos and the country. Despite being in an unstructured environment, microenterprises have better business opportunities, since they are in constant contact with the client, which leads to management activities aimed at obtaining resources, achieving efficiency and reducing costs, making their curves of medium cost they move to other more competitive points, providing advantages that have made possible their permanence, growth and development. In Quevedo, the number of microenterprises increases significantly, especially those in the agricultural sector, livestock, manufacturing, commerce, construction and the service sector. It is observed that the development of the informal microenterprise sector is reasonably associated with the growth of entrepreneurship, influenced by the identification of new business opportunities, challenges and present challenges, and of future expectations, which stimulates the internal economy, competitiveness and economic growth. In an appropriate context, the generation of employment by this sector strengthens social and family development and boosts the economic and financial activity of the city. This scenario exposes the opportunities and challenges of the sector and constitutes the basis for the development of future research lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the internal and external factors that influence the competitiveness of SMEs in the Lazaro Cárdenas Michoacán grocery sector, since competitiveness is an increasingly important aspect in the business sector, which derives from the demands of the current economic environment framed in the process of globalization. The development of the private sector, and in particular of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is of great importance, since the internal factors of these are: Strategic planning, human capital, innovation, productivity, systems of Information and quality assurance are crucial for them to make efficient use of their resources and reach high levels of productivity and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to establish the determinants of regional tourism competitiveness in Colombia for the period 2016-2019. Its interest focuses exclusively on the Colombian regions and departments. Through the STATIS methodology and using data from the Colombia Regional Tourism Competitiveness Index (ICTRC) of the Center for Tourism Thought of Colombia for a sample of 19 departments, it is concluded that the most influential variables in the levels of competitiveness are those related to social, economic, infrastructure and business areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quality management is an unquestionable tool in the search for success and business competitiveness. One of its most interesting and favorable aspects for the company occurs when it is integrated with other technologies, such as project management. This research presents a result in which the quality is put in function of the management of projects of integral solutions, that Copextel Camagüey executes in the tourist investment of Cayo Cruz. Linked to technical-organizational problems of the company and investment, the fundamental result presents a system of actions that, associated with the principles of quality management, tend to promote project management. Objective: To form a system of actions that, from quality management, influence the elevation of the results of Copextel projects associated with tourism investment in the northern region of the province. Methods: Surveys were used to apply the Servqual and Bezeroen Bidez models. The map and the process sheets associated with the research were built. Results: Based on the application of the aforementioned models, the possibilities for improvement were identified and, based on the quality principles, a system of actions was developed that should tend to increase the results and customer satisfaction of Copextel integral solutions projects. Conclusions: The analysis approach used enabled the definition of actions for the transformation of the situation based on the quality management principles applied in the object of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, an element of the tangible historical heritage of Peru, declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco, is undoubtedly one of the main tourist attractions in South America; which supports high tourist pressure, saturation problems and risk of impact on its conservation. In the present work, an audit of the level of quality in the tourist management of the site is carried out using the Delphi method. The vision of two types of specialists is obtained: academic and professional, in the tourism sector, on measures to mitigate the situation described and thus propose guidelines that aim to improve tourism competitiveness. The points of view and proposals of university researchers and managers of tourism companies is relevant in relation to the future of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. The conclusions of the research, depending on the originality of its objectives and methodology, are of interest for the management of this world heritage site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of trade union ethics as a driving force for competitiveness in small and medium enterprises, which were analyzed under the qualitative methodology through the interpretive hermeneutic analysis, generating triangulation among the key informants, obtaining as main findings: presence, impulse and detriment of the business competitiveness model, due to trade union ethics, evidencing a serious incidence of the lack of ethics of trade union organizations, which hinders the established goals and hinders the good business performance in SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airbnb is the most outstanding example of P2P platform in the accommodation industry. The studies on this phenomenon have focused on its impact on the hotel industry; leaving aside the effect it produces on tourism intermediation, specifically travel agencies. This paper analyzes this impact in a sector that perceives how Airbnb's disruptive innovation displaces it from the traditional vacation apartment rental business and threatens to do so with activities. The discussion is about whether the travel agency industry has the need and even if it would be willing to work in a coopetitive1 system, similar to the one that has occurred recently with the implementation of Civitatis or Booking in the sales processes of travel agencies. It is concluded that the travel agency prioritizes strengthening its repositioning in this product, allying itself with the main market player despite the probable reduction in margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ecuador is in the lower half of the World Economic Forum's 2019 competitiveness table. Methodology: Through a documentary review of the main models and related studies, this research aims to analyze the reasons for the low competitiveness of Ecuador's economic model and identify the determining factors to promote its recovery and business competitiveness. Results: More than a third of leaders and entrepreneurs in the country mention that the type Leadership is transactional or has no leadership; less than half have a deep belief; less than 20% have a Board of Directors and the use of disruptive technologies is minimal. Discussion: The organizational culture with a focus on people, with codes such as technology and the management of good corporate governance, is essential to project the company. Conclusions: Competitiveness is directly related to the ability of companies to focus on the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work shows the application of simulation of discrete events, to evaluate proposals to improve the capacity of the production process. Therefore, the efficiency of a food company through the approach and comparison of scenarios. The methodology used for its development was divided into five (5) phases, phase I: characterization of the process and quantification of current resources, phase II: input analysis, phase III: development and validation of the model using Tecnomatix Plant simulation software, phase IV: proposal and simulation of three scenarios, phase V: scenario analysis, concerning the results obtained in the performance indicators: Throughput, percentage of use and waiting time in each operation. The scenario that generated better results compared to the analysis was the third, which corresponded to the reprogramming of production, which was able to increase throughput by 38.70%, 9.57%, and 56.62% for corn chips, promasa tortillas, and wheat flour tortillas, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of use was increased, and the percentage of waiting time for each operation was reduced. With this, efficiency was enhanced through the increased production capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar y analizar la especialización de la estructura de exportación del Nordeste del Brasil en 2003-2014, tras la expansión del comercio internacional con los países del grupo BRICS (Brasil, Federación de Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica). Para el cálculo de los indicadores se utilizaron las bases de datos Aliceweb y Trademap. Los indicadores estimados fueron: coeficiente de especialización, ventaja comparativa revelada, contribución a la balanza comercial y grado de comercio intraindustrial. El comercio con los países del BRICS condujo a una reorganización de las exportaciones por grupos de especialización, ratificando una tendencia histórica de ventajas comparativas en la exportación de artículos de las siguientes categorías: alimentos, tabaco y bebidas; papel y celulosa; productos químicos; plásticos y caucho; textiles; calzado y cuero. Los países BRICS no promovieron la diversificación ni el incremento del contenido tecnológico de la estructura de exportaciones del Nordeste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se analizan los efectos producidos por cambios en el transporte marítimo en contenedores, el nivel de desempleo, el nivel de competitividad y los tratados comerciales sobre el PIB per cápita de los países de la costa oeste de América Latina. La muestra utilizada se compone de 23 puertos de esta costa y 8 observaciones temporales (2008 a 2015). La estimación con datos de panel se realiza para efectos fijos básicos, efectos fijos (robust) y el modelo de errores estándar corregidos para panel (PCSE) con las características propias de la muestra. En esta investigación, la estimación que ofrece mejores resultados es el modelo PCSE. Los resultados respaldan la utilización del volumen de mercancía en contenedores como una variable significativa del crecimiento económico; además, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar inversiones en infraestructuras portuarias y continuar con la puesta en marcha de instrumentos de política comercial de carácter aperturista. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a methodology for inventory management, aimed at the competitive strategy of a company in multi-environments and variability in demand. The proposed methodology is divided into four stages: First, it identifies and locates the strategy of the company in a competitive environment in relation to service levels. The second stage provides a classification of products according to criteria consistent with company strategy, classifying products according to their relevance, depending on demand. In the third stage, the demand forecast is calculated using the coefficient of variation as a measure of variability and the forecasting technique is exponential smoothing, although the methodology is flexible and can be used other methods of time series. The fourth stage is focused on the selection of an inventory policy according to the needs of the competitive strategy of the company in this case it is used to periodic review policy. This four-step methodology was implemented in a leading company for the category of screws and bolts in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The micro businesses are particularly important for national economies, not only because of their contributions to the production and distribution of goods and services, but also because of the high potential for job creation. They represent an excellent means to boost economic development and a better distribution of wealth. Mexico, like other countries in the world, has micro-business as an economic backbone. In the State of Yucatan, micro-businesses are also crucial for development. However, they face increasing difficulties due to competition and changing markets. Complicating its permanence in the market and causing its closure. For this reason, quality in the service has been used as a tool to boost competitiveness, in a way that allows the survival of these micro-businesses. This analysis is particularlyimportant since the crafts are the cultural heritage of the nation. The methodology is a quantitative approach, not experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive, determining differences between expectations and perceptions of clients based on the quality in the service of 10 micro-businesses, located in a field study and who agreed to participate in the study., applying an adaptation of the SERVQUAL instrument of Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry [1], with 19 items and a Likert scale of 7 points. Finally, the obtained results are discussed, and proposals are made for designing strategies to improve the quality of the service and the permanence in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the results, management styles are linked to business productivity to the extent that they positively or negatively affect their collaborators, therefore, it is concluded that it is important to structure relevant strategies that affect IPS to face the market challenges, based on comprehensive management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis comparativo y econométrico de la competitividad en los países en desarrollo y se indican sus determinantes y fuentes de variación. Se utiliza la metodología de análisis envolvente de datos para generar medidas de competitividad. Se obtienen los determinantes de la competitividad mediante el empleo de un modelo Tobit sobre la base del enfoque de competitividad sistémica. Visto el bajo nivel medio de competitividad, los principales resultados indican que gran parte de los países de la muestra mejoren en términos de asignación de recursos. Además de factores empresariales como la innovación y la sofisticación del ambiente de negocios, algunos aspectos estructurales, como el tamaño del mercado y la calidad de la demanda, y factores sistémicos como la infraestructura, la salud, la educación, la capacitación de la mano de obra y el ambiente macroeconómico, son condiciones importantes para aumentar la competitividad de los países emergentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the internal and external factors that influence the competitiveness of SMEs in the Lazaro Cárdenas Michoacán grocery sector, since competitiveness is an increasingly important aspect in the business sector, which derives from the demands of the current economic environment framed in the process of globalization. The development of the private sector, and in particular of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is of great importance, since the internal factors of these are: Strategic planning, human capital, innovation, productivity, systems of Information and quality assurance are crucial for them to make efficient use of their resources and reach high levels of productivity and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute los desafíos de competitividad y productividad en las empresas del sector energético venezolano con un enfoque en las políticas gubernamentales y la eliminación de los subsidios a los combustibles y la energía. El artículo también analiza la competitividad entre naciones basada en la macro y microeconomía, la adopción de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y los programas de apoyo al sector privado.

El artículo ofrece información sobre la construcción de la sociedad con referencia a la competencia y la cooperación. Los temas discutidos incluyen la histerización de la política, la influencia de las campañas políticas en la sociedad, los programas electorales antes de las elecciones presidenciales, el conflicto político y la violencia en México, y la economistificación.

In today's competitive business world, success increasingly depends on effective human management at the level of individual work positions, especially directives, as these are responsible for leading organizations aimed at achieving the proposed goals. Particularly important in this context is the competency management development from the perspective of strategic alignment, prospective and situational approach. A considerations set with theoretical and methodological foundations for the identification of managerial competencies are presented, starting from recognizing this phase as basic in managing them process of. The proposed methodological framework for the identification of managerial competences includes a contextual analysis as a starting point in this type of study, including external and internal elements, which contributes to guaranteeing their relevance, the introduction of prospective tools to organizational competencies study and presuppose strategic alignment of them. It also establishes a set of criteria and premises whose observation in this type of works will raise results quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental axis for the economy of countries around the world, is given by the perseverance and development of activities that provide microenterprises, generating income and job, however, their trends predominate despite having major problems with respect to the customer satisfaction and competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to study the satisfaction of passengers and the competitiveness of intraprovincial transport operators. For this end, Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is used; it is a useful tool to measure the performance of a company that ensures the quality of service and customer satisfaction. The Key Performance Indicator selected was the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), which is a statistical indicator of the losses or profits of a company with respect to an investment portfolio, which indirectly measures competitiveness and customer satisfaction. The results of the study were that there exist loss in the company and then necessary measures could be taken to improve the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional systems for innovation strengthen the competitive growth in the territories. The factor analysis of the regional systems for agri-food innovation in Colombia unveiled a direct relationship between the business articulation and the relational capital in order to enhance the sales based on innovation. Due to the heterogeneity and geographic scattering of the studied innovation systems, it was not possible to find a single intervention route for these systems. However, the agri-food innovation systems pinpointed herein represent a strategic proposal in which the productive resources are focused on the innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper analyzes the characteristics of the agricultural innovation system in the state of Sonora, as a strategy for farmers' competitiveness in the context of NAFTA. First, this research identified the principal actors of the system; then, interactions between them were analyzed, as well as factors that encourage or restrict their relationship. Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative information was collected, analyzed, and related, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: The results provide valuable data to understand and bear witness to the competitive dynamics based on innovation in export agriculture in Sonora. Limitations: Given that the research is based on a case study, the results obtained do not express the general scenario of Sonoran agriculture. Conclusions: It is concluded that this agricultural innovation system is subordinate and unstructured but competitive. Also, alternatives are proposed to improve this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]