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In this paper it is proposed the concept of primal debt in the context of the women reproductive rights. Such a concept unfolds from the critical analysis of the symbiotic relationships between patriarchy and capitalism and the way in which they have historically been involved in perjury and economic exploitation of women through their natural reproductive capacity. In fact, it is an unquestionable biological aspect that women constitute the primary and unique source of continuous human capital generation; main productive factor since always used for the construction of all the material and immaterial wealth of human civilization, and its cumulative economic progress, expressed by the sum of the annual GDP of the nations. Therefore, even though women have achieved important recent achievements in the context of civil and labor rights, it is nevertheless imperative to recognize that there is an accumulated deity of millennia of injustice to women because of the unjustifiable current inexistence of the concept of primal debt, as well as its international recognition and consequent establishment as a topic of extreme social relevance to be developed in the context of the reproductive rights of women. Since, in this work, as a first action for the recognition of this primitive idea, it proposes the introduction of the concept of primal debt in the context of the reproductive rights of women; aiming at the future institution of its due monetary reimbursement, by means of effective legal mechanisms to be developed by the organizations responsible for the policies of defense of the rights of women on a world scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The persistence of ductus arteriosus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the possible benefit in the treatment for ductus closure when a early (less tan 72 hours of life) echocardiographic screening is done versus when the echocardiographic diagnosis is realized only in present of associated symptoms . Methods: Preterm without malformation followed by two strategies: patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) screening or echocardiographic study on suspected PDA for symptoms (control group). We analized the ductus characteristics, the presence of pulmonary hypertension and the treatments for their closure. We analize the result in relation of the premature age as: late preterm (34 to 36 gestational age weeks), moderate (30 to 33) and extreme (< 30). Results: There was no diference in the proportion of newborns diagnosed with PDA among the strategies (screening 18.6 % [101/543] vs 18.1 % [55/304], p = 0.92). In the control group, 53 % were diagnosed after 72 hours of life. There were no differences in realtion of the ductus characteristic among the groups. The closure treatment were similar in the two strategies among the moderate and late preterm, but was more aggressive in the control group in the extreme preterms. Conclusion: The echocardiographic screening for PDA in extreme preterm newborns reduce the time to detect it, and allow to give less agressive treatment. We do not recommend their use in moderate o late preterm newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Introducción El higroma quístico es una dilatación difusa de los conductos linfáticos. Puede diagnosticarse prenatalmente a través de una ecografía obstétrica. La incidencia aproximada es de 1/6,000 nacidos vivos y de 1/750 abortos espontáneos. Esta lesión puede presentarse a nivel cervical en la parte inferolateral del cuello, donde aparece con grandes cavidades únicas o multiloculares. En general, se producen por la falta de conexión de los vasos linfáticos con los sacos linfáticos yugulares, o de estos con el sistema de drenaje venoso. Caso clínico Con el fin de enfatizar sobre la notificación de estas enfermedades y las opciones de tratamiento no quirúrgico, se presenta una paciente con higroma quístico cervical (cara lateral del cuello) con compromiso de la vía aérea y digestiva por la extensión del tumor. Se trató con etanol puro por medio de múltiples infiltraciones guiadas por ultrasonido. Conclusiones Dependiendo de las characterísticas de la lesión, el tratamiento puede ser quirúrgico, farmacológico o mixto. Cuando la extensión es importante o se relaciona con órganos vitales, la mejor opción de tratamiento es, en primer lugar, reducir el tamaño de la lesión y el compromiso de los órganos contiguos. Esto se hace por medio de escleroterapia. Posteriormente, de ser necesario, se realiza cirugía. Background Cystic hygroma is a diffuse dilatation of the lymphatic system, which can be prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound. The incidence is 1/6,000 live births and 1/750 spontaneous abortions. This malformation can occur at the cervical level located in the inferior lateral part of the neck where it appears with large single or multilocular cavities. It is generally caused by a lack of connection with jugular lymphatic channels or with the venous drainage system lymph sacs. Case report In order to emphasize these diseases and non-surgical treatment options, we present a patient with a cervical cystic hygroma that compromises the airway and digestive tract due to tumor extension and treatment with pure ethanol with clinical improvement. Conclusions Depending on the characteristics of the lesion, treatment options are surgery, pharmacological or mixed. When the extension involves vital organs, the best option is to reduce the size of the lesion and the compromise of the adjacent organ. This is done by sclerotherapy and, if necessary, surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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