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Fundamental characteristics of PLL and DLL circuits including their block diagrams and operating principles are briefly presented. The voltage follower is related to those devices and interpreted as a voltage locked loop (VLL). A set of its properties is presented that sounds the proposed analogy. It is pointed out that a current follower is susceptible to an analogous treatment. Thus, these devices can be considered as a family of locked loops. Later on, the present importance of phase/delay in electronic systems is highlighted putting as "laws" their circuital performance. An application example is PSPICE simulated giving results according to the proposed theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RPR technology of the Quality of Service (QoS) in E-MAN networks approach is analyzed. Were is used a 10 Gbit network with an extension of 90 km, with twelve nodes using OC-192 fiber optic dual links. As an access method were based on Std. IEEE 802.17 protocol also knowns as resilient packet ring (RPR). Three possible scenic were set to compare the delay simulations of the queuing mechanism by using the RPR fairness algorithm and the characteristic of shaping to adapt it to the necessities of differentiation of the traffic, established in the model of network to demonstrate that it is possible to provide a better performance to the traffic class "C" in case of one over saturation of the network. The simulations scenic were run and acquired results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the use of a heuristic procedure using the Multi-Objective theory to find optimal trees for multicast transmissions having in consideration 4 objectives, which are the minimization of the maximum utilization of the links, the Hop count (HC), the Bandwidth (BW) and the Delay. This technique is Tabu Search which is a heuristic that characterizes for making use of memory to realize an intelligent search. Tabu Search gets its name by making some solutions unavailable for being Tabu (forbidden), this in order to avoid solutions that have been visited in the past to be selected again. Tabu Search uses the premise that in order for a method to be labelled as intelligent it must incorporate the use of memory. Tabu Search uses this memory to guide the search and avoid falling in local optimality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]