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Asylum seekers may be recognized as refugees for gender-related reasons. In this article, we briefly analyse those gender based persecution cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why are there time limits to criminal investigations in Spain if, in practice, such limits have not accelerated the pace of criminal investigations? In this article, we analyze the relevance of such time limits in order to guarantee the suspect's constitutional rights of defense and to a fair trial in a reasonable time, according to the Spanish Supreme Court Judgment no. 455/2021, of 27 May. This Judgment contains an interpretation of such time limits radically contrary to the interpretation thereof maintained by the Spanish General Public Prosecutor's Office (in its resolution no. 1/2021, of 8 April). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Criminal Chamber of the Spanish Supreme Court has made an effort to clarify certain key aspects of the regulation on corporate criminal liability, such as (i) the grounds on which a company could be found criminally liable; (ii) the burden of the proof on the prosecution; (iii) who should represent the company in the criminal proceedings; and (iv) how corporate criminal liability interacts with the criminal liability of the individuals within the company who may have committed a criminal offence. Although there are many other aspects of corporate criminal liability pending clarification, the abovementioned rulings of the Supreme Court are a good start for the definition of this regulation recently introduced in the Spanish criminal justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expulsion of illegal foreigners in the Spanish legal system can be governmental, under the commission of administrative offenses, or occur in connection with criminal proceedings as a substitute for prison sentences or security measures. In both cases, we face a real manifestation of the "enemy criminal law" related to restrictive aliens policy maintained by de Administration. Given the important role of foreigners in the Spanish economy, in this "enemy criminal law" the symbolic side prevails. In any case, this regulation is unlawful and there are indications that lacks democratic legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]