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This article presents an update on the natural presence of Goniozus legneri in walnut agroecosystems in Catamarca and the first record in the Famatina Department, La Rioja Province. It was observed that this species parasitizes Cydia pomonella larvae in the province of Catamarca and Ectomyelois ceratoniae larvae in post-harvest walnut fruits in La Rioja. Details are discussed regarding the external morphology of Goniozus legneri, as well as its biology and role as a biocontroller of lepidopteran pest populations. The article reports on research conducted on the interaction between G. legneri and C. pomonella under laboratory and field conditions. It has been found that G. legneri has a high survival rate, a close synchronization with the larval stages of the pest, a female-biased progeny, high fecundity, and a short generational time. These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of G. legneri as a biological control agent for the pest. Furthermore, the natural presence of G. legneri in walnut agroecosystems in Catamarca and La Rioja has been confirmed, although at low densities. Future studies are suggested to focus on the development of low environmental impact control tools, such as augmentative biological control. The article also mentions other studies on the biology, biological control, and presence of G. legneri in different regions of Argentina, as well as its first record in Chile. [Extracted from the article]

Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is a larval ectoparasitoid of lepidopterans, with a worldwide history as a biocontrol agent of various agricultural pests. By means of extensive monitoring, this wasp was found in four distant districts of Mendoza province parasitizing three lepidopteran pests: Lobesia botrana (Den. et Shiff.) in grapevine, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) in walnut and "espinillo" (Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler et Ebinger) and Cydia pomonella (L.) in walnut. To corroborate the parasitoid species identification and to analyze its population viability in this region, studies of male genitalia and sexual crossings between wild and laboratory-reared wasps were conducted. Further, we report for the first time the natural host-parasitoid interaction of L. botrana with this parasitoid in vineyards from Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Living organisms are constantly exposed to oxidant agents deriving from both endogenous and exogenous sources capable of altering the cellular antioxidant system and inducing damages to biomolecules. Protective systems exist in insects, as in all aerobic organisms, to enable adaptation to oxidative environments. Biochemical parameters evaluated in adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), exposed during 24 h at increasing concentrations of chlorantraniliprole insecticide (0; 12.5; 25; 50 y 100 mg L-1) were glutathione S-transferases (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde level (MDA). No mortality was observed; however, a significant lethargy was detected in a dose dependent manner. The 24 h exposure regime to 50 mg x L-1 chlorantraniliprole insecticide -equivalent to field application dose- caused significant decreases in GST and SOD activities (36.4% and 52.5%, respectively) and in MDA level (56.8%) as compared with untreated control. No significant changes were observed in CAT nor GSH activities in codling moths exposed to the insecticide. Decline in antioxidant defense due to chlorantraniliprole would induce oxidative stress in insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From California, U.S.A. and incorrectly identified as Mastrus ridibundus (Gravenhorst), the parasitoid Mastrus ridens Florstmann (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was introduced in Argentina in 2005 for the control of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). From 2005 to 2009 a total of 185.268 adult M. ridens individuals, were released in 58 sites in pear, quince, walnut and apple orchards in Mendoza province. Samplings carried out in 2005 and 2007 showed the overwintering as prepupae and a dispersal of approximately 2000 meters from the site of release. The establishment of M. ridens was assessed from 2006 to 2009 through parasitoidism, with a range of 0-45.3%. The parasitoidism average from 2005 to 2009 was 9.89 %, significantly higher than parasitoidism of native species (0.25%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From October to April 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 we surveyed and identified egg parasitoids of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in three sites of Mendoza, Argentina. Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was collected in all surveyed sites both years from both pest species. Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was found in only one site in December 2005. In 2008 and 2009 T. cacoeciae was reared, released and its efficacy for the control of C. pomonella and G. molesta was assessed through fruit damage. For evaluation, we carried out two field trials in two organic pear orchards. In one orchard the average fruit damage caused by C. pomonella and G. molesta was 5.07% ± 0.82 (non-release control 15.60% ± 4.73) while in the other it was 1.92% ± 0.50 (non-release control 11.34 % ±1.13). Both trials showed significant statistical differences between treated and untreated orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bio-control agent introduced in Argentina Mastrus ridibundus (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) for the control of Cydia pomonella (L.) is redescribed, providing new characters for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) is the main pest of pip fruits worldwide. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the genetic structure and patterns of movement at local and regional scale, important aspects for establishing a control strategy for this pest. An analysis of genetic variability on six populations of C. pomonella using microsatellite was performed in the two major apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) growing regions of Central Chile. In spite of geographic distances between some populations (aprox. 180 km), there was little genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.0-0.00097 and GST = 0.005-0.127), without isolation by distance, and high levels of gene flow (Nm ≈ 250). High frequencies of null alleles were found over all loci across populations (Na = 0.292) which seem to explain the significant heterozygote deficiencies found. Approximatelly 98% of the variance was found within individuals and very little at the other hierarchical levels. The high levels of genetic diversity and gene flow detected seem to indicate that the codling moth populations studied in both regions have an almost continuous distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapholita molesta is an important pest that affects buds and fruits of peach tree in Mendoza, Argentina. Some authors have mentioned that Carpocapsa pomonella requires, in artificial conditions, a population density of 100 adults to reach high fecundity and this situation can be extended to Grapholita molesta. This work was done in order to evaluate different population densities of Grapholita molesta by mean of fecundity, viability and longevity. Rearing was made in a chamber with controlled abiotic conditions. Experimental design was blocks at random to eliminate light and generational development influence. It was made 4 replications. Results were processed by mean of Statistica software. Analysis of results between blocks and treatments did not have significant differences reason why there was no variation in the incidence of light and generational development. Viability had significant differences among treatments. Fecundity and longevity did not present significant differences. Population density influenced positively on viability when couple amount was the least, and it decreased when proportion of the same ones was increased. That is to say, individual stacking affected Grapholita molesta viability but it did not affect fecundity nor longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First record of Goniozus legneri Gordh, parasitizing larva of Cydia pomonella (L), "codlingh moth", in apple and walnut orchard from the Alto Valle de Río Negro. Discover, morphology, distribution, biology, and influence on the "codling moth" population are briefly commented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]