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This article is a research-based contribution to a debate expounded by Fernando Álvarez-Uría in 2013 in the journal Papers. Revista de Sociologia on the subject of the role of women in the political struggle in Spain. It contrasts the role of women whose "habitus" was located in the institutionalized and democratic "political world" in the early twentieth century and the role of revolutionary women who, by means of direct action, created new spaces for struggle and recognition, and for other types of lived experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the medical and cultural changes which occurred during Spain's Enlightenment period, in the early 19th century, and their effects on views toward the existence of sexual mutants, sex changes and hermaphrodites in the country. The authors discuss the various cultural and medical aspects of the changing viewpoints, which include advances in modern forensic science, the disappearance of the marvelous in Enlightenment science and the recognition of basic biological differences between the sexes.