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Legumes such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are sources of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, folic acid, b-carotene and fatty acids that promote health; therefore, its integral use is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, functional properties and antioxidant capacity of chickpea formulations with heat treatments and to identify its potential for developing new products. Formulations were cooked grain and flour made from raw chickpea and flour made from cooked chickpea. The evaluations included pH, Aw, chemical composition, absorption capacity, water retention, emulsification, foaming, foam stability and antioxidant capacity. A completely randomized experimental design was utilized, the data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and differences between average values were evaluated with the Tukey (p£0.05) test. Aw remained constant in the flours, but in cooked grain moisture content was affected (p£0.05), which limits its use in commercial food production. In protein content, fiber and fat were reduced little by the heat treatment. The capacity of water absorption and retention and gelation increased with the heat treatments, while foam stability and emulsification capacity decreased. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts (total phenols, DPPH and TEAC) was not significantly affected by the heat treatments in the flour, but in cooked grain antioxidant capacity was lower (p£0.05) because of its higher moisture content. Because of its chemical characterization and antioxidant capacity, cooked chickpea flour can be used to enrich foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innovación Tecnológica is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innovación Tecnológica is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innovación Tecnológica is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is considered a species sensitive to salinity, but there are differences in the degree of tolerance to this type of stress. The present study was carried out to determine the tolerance to salinity of some cuban cultivars of chickpea and its relationship with indicators of the development and accumulation of ions in the different organs of the plant. For this, eight chickpea cultivars exposed to two treatments, 0 and 50 mM NaCl, were studied. The results showed that the cultivars Nac-29, Nac-5HA and JP-94 were the ones that showed the highest degree of tolerance to salinity. The cultivar N-29 turned out to be more tolerant and although it diminished its growth, the results show that it also accumulated less quantity of ions in the different organs of the plant, in the two conditions of imposed salinity. Therefore, it can be inferred that the reduction in growth was related to some inability of the chickpea plants to prevent high concentrations of saline ions from reaching the leaves, resulting in considerable variability in the degree of tolerance to salinity the cultivars evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El uso de bioestimulantes y biofertilizantes en la agricultura se ha incrementado en los últimos años. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la influencia del biofertilizante Spirufert sobre el rendimiento del garbanzo y las propiedades químicas del suelo, su momento de aplicación más adecuado y el efecto de su aplicación conjunta con Biobras-16® en dicho rendimiento. En un primer experimento, se utilizó el cultivar BS70, cuyas semillas se inocularon con Azofert® previo a la siembra y se aplicaron tres tratamientos: T1 (Azofert®), T2 (Azofert® + una aspersión foliar con Spirufert) y T3 (Azofert® + dos aspersiones foliares con Spirufert). En el segundo se utilizaron los cultivares N27 y N38 y se realizaron dos aspersiones foliares con una mezcla de Spirufert y Biobras-16®. En el primer experimento se demostró que, al realizar dos aplicaciones (T3), hubo diferencias con el tratamiento control; en el número de vainas, granos y masa de granos por planta y el rendimiento, aunque no difirió del tratamiento donde se realizó solamente una aplicación (T2); además, no hubo diferencias en las concentraciones de N, P, K de los granos entre los tratamientos. En el suelo se constató, una disminución de la concentración de magnesio (2,2 cmol kg-1 respecto a 0,5 cmol kg-1 del tratamiento control) y un aumento de la concentración de fósforo (107,5 mg kg-1 respecto a 89 mg kg-1 del tratamiento control) en la zona donde estaban los tratamientos con el biofertilizante. La aspersión foliar de Spirufert con Biobras-16®, incrementó el número de vainas por planta, el número y masa de granos por planta y el rendimiento de los cultivares N27 y N38, este último con incrementos de 21 y 28 %, respectivamente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium wilt in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has spread, due to the difficulty to control it. Chemical control diminishes the biodiversity and pollutes the environment, so sustainable measures must be developed to limit the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potential of Sinaloa's native bacterial and fungal strains, as biological control agents of this disease in chickpea plants grown in greenhouses. Because native bacterial and fungal strains inhibit Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, the hypothesis was that those strains are an alternative to control fusarium wilt in chickpea. The radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, race 5 --the principal agent that causes this disease in Sinaloa-- was evaluated to study the inhibition of biological control strains, using the dual culture technique in a PDA growing medium. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely random, with five repetitions per treatment; each repetition had ten pots, and each pot had two plants. Plant vigor, foliage wilt, and root canker were evaluated using a subjective scale; plant height (cm), chlorophyll (SPAD 502 units), wet and dry biomass (g), stem diameter (mm), and yield (g planta-1) were quantified. Trichoderma sp. HRG-060 native strain showed the highest in vitro mycelial inhibition (PIRC: 80.07%), due to its ability to colonize 100% of the surface of the mycelium that grew out of the pathogen in 3 d. The highest grain yield was obtained in plants with the Trichoderma sp. HRG-060 strain (6.13g planta-1); meanwhile, the Bacillus sp. T442 strain created a favorable atmosphere for the highest chlorophyll production (55.45 SPAD units), as well as the greatest wet and dry biomass weight (41.73 g planta-1 and 30.03 g planta-1, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of microorganism strains with growth promoting effect on economically important species is one of the main aspects for elaborating bio-products, contributing to the sustainability of the production systems. The aim of this research was to select effective strains of Mesorhizobium sp to increase the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum. L), due to the variability shown by the INIFAT GR-1 strain over the last years, which is recommended in the technical instructions for this cultivar. Positive strains were purified and performed to conduct a morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization of the isolates, allowing the inclusion of two of them in the Mesorhizobium genre. The strain metabolic characterization showed its superiority with respect to INIFAT GR-1, as indicated by the increase in the phosphorus solubilization halo of 0,18 cm, and an increase of indol acetic acid (IAA) production ranging between 7-12 μgmL-1. Its compatibility in vitro with Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium var phosphaticum, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as, with pesticides as Poncho, Celest Top, Gaucho FS-60, Gaucho MT, Yunta, Celest, TMTD, Cropstar and Apron Star was tested. Regarding the effects under field conditions, both strains promotes chickpea growth, development and yield (pods and grains), with values statistically superior to the pattern employed. They were growth in shaker conditions at 200 r.p.m. and 32 0C of temperature with a final concentration of 1011 UFC.mL-1. The uses of the better strains produce the increase of Nacional-29 variety yield in 42 %, in comparison with no treated plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to simulate the dynamics of the interaction Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood -Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg (strain Ta-90) to demonstrate the effect of the fungus as a biological control of the nematode in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The interaction was simulated by a deterministic model proposed by Anderson and May. For the calculation of the biological parameters involved in the model, two treatments were included under semi-controlled conditions, treatment 1: control chickpea plants with 0.9 nematode infective juveniles (J2) per soil gram, treatment 2: chickpea plants with nematodes + 50 ml of T. asperellum (107 UFC.ml-1). Five plants per treatment were used in a randomized experimental design. After 35 days, the number of eggs per female, number of J2, CFU, colonization of ootecas, and the parasitic activity of the fungus were evaluated. It was shown that the nematode population tended to decrease by the action of T. asperellum and reached values below the level inoculated after 73 days. Besides, it was inferred that the population decreased in a 35% from a generation to the next one, and this population decline was achieved when the level of of T. asperellum presence was higher than 104 CFU.ml-1. A second model including the crop growth dynamics was proposed to be validated in future works to demonstrate the action of the fungus at each biological stage of the nematode life-cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was the cultural and morphological identification and characterization of sixteen isolates of Fusarium spp. from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds and plants. Colony color (surface and reverse) and texture, shape of the colony edges, presence of rings on the colony surface, and the linear growth, were the cultural variables evaluated. Size, shape, and color of the vegetative and reproductive structures were the morphological variables examined. A taxonomic key was used for identifying the fungi. All the isolate characteristics analyzed showed a great variability. It was identified the presence of Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg, Fusarium nygamai Burgess & Trimboli, Fusarium dlamini Marasas, Nelson & Toussoun, and Fusarium phyllophilum Nirenberg & O’Donnell, all them represented by one isolate. Two isolates corresponded to Fusarium solani (Martius) Appel & Wollenweber emend. Snyder & Hansen and three to Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl emend. Snyder& Hansen. According to its characteristics, one of the isolates remained as Fusarium sp. Cultural variability was observed among the isolates of a same species, which showed the possible presence of biotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, agrobiodiversity fairs have been increased within the implementation framework of Local Agricultural Innovation Program (LAIP), where participatory varietal selection (PVS) has been documented in crops as bean, tomato, rice and others; however, there are not any evidence of the impact of this activity on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Therefore, this work was conducted with the objective of contributing to improve the documentary fund related with PVS in chickpea crop. In November 2009, 26 chickpea (21 foreign and 5 national) cultivars were seeded in areas from "Gilberto León" Agricultural Production Cooperative (APC), San Antonio de los Baños municipality, Artemisa province. Diversity fair was held during pod filling phase where participants implemented PVS. Results showed a high diversity of criteria when selecting cultivars of interest and the most frequently used were vegetative vigor, pod number per plant and grain size. Then, 20 promising lines were selected for the area. The study shows that there are great potentialities for the introduction, evaluation and participatory selection of foreign and national materials, with the aim of achieving diversity increases in chickpea cultivars of interest that are better adapted to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea is a grain legume of exceptionally high nutritive value and most versatile food used. It is mostly grown under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. Chickpea is the third most cultivated grain legume in the world. Like most legumes, it is associated in symbiosis with bacteria from the rhizobia family, which guarantee much of the nitrogen it needs for its growth and development. In early stages of the symbiosis, a complex molecular dialogue takes place, involving Nod factors synthesized by the bacterium and flavonoids released by legume roots, so that both partners can recognize each other and initiate nodulation. This work aimed to evaluate the production of the induced signals in Mesorhizobium cicerii strain and the impact of that induction on chickpea nodulation and yield. The lipid fraction in the inocula was extracted with n-butanol and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. A higher amount of lipochitooligosaccharides (nodulation factors) and high molecular weight fatty acids were detected in daidzein-induced inocula. Similarly, the inoculums induced with this flavonoid showed a positive effect on nodulation and yield of chickpea in semicontrolled and field conditions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the chickpea is a very appreciated grain in the population's diet because of its high nutritional value, but there are only nine varieties in the national market, so it is necessary to increase the varietal diversity of this species that also allows to substitute imports in a sustainable manner. The study was developed in the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA) with the purpose of evaluating the behavior of 10 promising chickpea-type Kabuli genotypes, selected from germoplasm introduced from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) from Syria and the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina. Seven quantitative morphoagronomic variables were evaluated: plant height (AP), height of the first pod (AV), number of primary basal branches (NR), number of pods per plant (NV), number of seeds per plant (NS), empty pods (VV) andperforated pods (VH) and the data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods of principal components for the set of variables and genotypes and by cluster analysis between genotypes. The results showed that the variability in the studied collection was represented mainly by AV, AP and NS, the latter correlated negatively with the previous ones. A group consisting of six genotypes that showed stability in their morphoagronomic behavior under the conditions of the study was detected, so it is recommended the evaluation of these in superior yields trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To objective of evaluate the response of two cultivars of chickpea (Nac-29 and Nac-5 HA) under different soil moisture conditions, field research was carried out in productive teaching plot of the University of Granma. Sowing was carried out on November 22, 2014. Two treatments were used: T1 (Control) and T2 (varieties of chickpea in water stress) with three replicates, distributed in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements (The large plots corresponded to the two moisture conditions and the small plots to varieties). The variables were: length and diameter of pods, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pods, weight of 100 seeds and agricultural yield. The results obtained were statistically processed using the STATISTICA version 8.0 for Windows program and in case of significant differences, a variance analysis was performed using the Tukey Multiple Range test. The results showed that, with the cultivation of the chickpea, better results are obtained when the plants are subjected to water stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the behavior of five lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), from the Dry Areas Research Institute (ICARDA), (Syrian Arab Republic), for Los Palacios´s municipality conditions was carried out. Sowing was done in December of 2008. A randomized block experimental design with three replications using three cuban varieties as control treatments was employed. The plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of sheaths/plant, filled and empty sheaths/plant, 100-grain weight (g), crop yield (t.ha-1) and disease incidence (%) were evaluated. The obtained values were analyzed using a simple ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's test. The results indicated that all lines responded to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the site. Nevertheless, lines 1 and 3 showed the best behavior in all evaluated characters even the yield, which exceeded 2 t.ha-1. Also they were highly resistant to disease caused by Fusarium sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the biology of Plodia interpunctella Hubner on stored chickpea were conducted under laboratory conditions at an average of temperature and relative humidity of 26.6 ± 2.90°C and 78.2 ± 11.04% respectively. Eggs were collected daily and separated by batch. The presence of the head capsule exuvia was taken into account to determine the duration of the larval instar. Five larval instars were confirmed according to the exuviae found. The relationship between the length and width of the larval head capsule was determined by using the exponential regression equation. The life cycle of this species from egg hatch to adult death was an average of 43.82 ± 1.95 days for females and 47.30 ± 2.65 days for males. Data obtained offer valuable information for pest management strategies during the crop storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presence of arsenic (As) in soils allows migration to crops like chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In this paper we compare contents of As in three soils of two states of the Mexican Republic, and its accumulation in C. arietinum L. The soils were moderately alkaline, non-saline, intermediate gearboxes and zeta potential (pZ) indicating moderately stable colloidal suspensions. With moderate moisture content and clay-loam textures, bulk density, field capacity, stable aggregates and cation exchange capacity, significantly different and similar infiltration rate and thickness of horizon A. Organic matter, carbon and nitrogen are significantly different and low content. There are important differences between seeds of C. arietinum L. certified or not in their ability to germinate and root development. The genotoxic effects of As in roots of C. arietinum L. appreciated by induction of micronucleus, 2.8- fold reduction of cell division in water samples treated with As, regarding control samples. As was observed increase of 9.5 times in seedlings germinated in soil El Salitre, that in Bella Vista soil, indicative of migration As. The sum effect of concentration of As in soil and water is increased 15.3 times. Among soils Bella Vista and Querétaro, the correlation was 2.9 times greater. In positive controls the IBAs are three times higher than in the experimental tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment, in order to evaluate the performance of 11 chickpea (Cicer arietinum, L.) cultivated varieties was carried out in the La Estrella farm, Cooperative of Credit and Service “Eduardo Pérez Sánchez", Las Tunas municipaliaty during december 2010 to march 2011. The cultivars evaluate were N-5 HA, NAC-6, NAC-24, NAC-29, NAC-30 NAC-31, NAC-37, J-96, Mocorito-88, L-25 and JP-94, (local genotype as control). A random block design with four replicates was employed for evaluating physiological and field indicators. The dry plant mass, number pots and grain by plant, and weight of 100 grains of Mocorito-88 cultivar were larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an excellent option for the cuban population's feeding due to its high nutritious and medicinal value. Chickpea has the advantage of being resistant to the drought and it also contributes to improve the soil quality due to the biological nitrogen fixation in association with the Rhizobium bacterias genus. It allows to reduce the chemical fertilizers applications and minimize the emissions of contaminant gases to the atmosphere. With the purpose of to take advantage of these kindness and to substitute imports through the dissemination of the this species fundamentally in the local rural sector, it was introduced from the Institute of Investigations in Dry Areas (ICARDA) in the Arabian Republic of Syria, a high chickpea genetic diversity, of the type «abuli». The existence of this germoplasm, offers the possibility to explore the wide existent genetic variability in these materials, with the purpose of supporting the individual selection of excellent pure lines, adapted to local conditions. The characterization and selection of promising genotypes was based in three statistical analyses: variance analysis (ANOVA), main components analysis (ACP) and cluster. Results showed that significant differences didn't exist among the nurseries neither among the chickpea genotypes that integrate them. The more weight variables in the characterization of the evaluated germoplasm were: days to maturation, days to flowering, branches number, height and yield. Five groups were conformed in based on these variables and one group was selected, integrated by seven promising lines that expressed high yield potential and good agronomic characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of herbicides to weed control is an available option in irrigated chickpea crop at the region Cienega of Chapala, Jalisco State, Mexico; thus, it is necessary generate technology since information available is very limited. In this work we evaluated the effectiveness of five herbicides: Alachlor, Oxyluorfen, Pendimethalin, Prometryn and Triluralin were evaluated and applied in pre-emergenge to determine their effectiveness in controlling the species of broadleaf weeds Amaranthus sp., Chenopodium spp., Portulaca oleracea, Physalis costomati and Euphorbia heterophylla in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigation conditions during the seasons 2003-04 and 2004-05. Treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications, plot size consisted on four rows 5 me long and 76 cm between rows. For each herbicide was calculated the percentage of each weed control. For each weed carried out analysis of variance and statistical test. Results: Statistical differences among herbicides treatments over the weed species were found, both different percentages of control. The most effective herbicides were pendimethalin 3,5 L/ha and triluralin 3,5 L/ha, with percentages of control from 77 to 95. There were not visual effects of toxicity by herbicides over the chickpea crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Areas of production at the Livestock Enterprise of Marti in Matanzas province, Cuba were sampled from December 2013 to February 2014 to determine the species of noxious insects associated with the chickpea crop (Cicer arietinum L.). Nine species belonging to three orders and families were found, among which Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner and Euschistus sp. were reported for the first time for the crop. Helicoverpa zea Hubner showed the highest frequency of occurrence and caused serious damages on pods and grains; thus, it was recognized as the main pest affecting this crop in our province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Para estudiar el efecto de la cocción del garbanzo de descarte en la respuesta productiva y rendimiento en canal de la codorniz japonesa en engorde (Coturnix coturnix jponica), se utilizaron 300 animales (1 d de edad y 9.92 ± 0.05 g). La dieta testigo se elaboró con harina de soya y grano de maíz molido. El garbanzo de descarte, crudo y cocido, sustituyó en proporción de 60 % a la harina de soya y al grano de maíz molido. Con garbanzo de descarte crudo, el consumo de alimento fue 77.9 % superior (P < 0.01) con respecto al cocido. Mejoró (P < 0.01) la ganancia de peso (220.10 vs 203.56 y 204.40 g), peso al sacrificio (229.85 vs 212.49 y 214.36 g) y peso de canal (135.77 vs 128.97 y 129.74 g) con respecto a la dieta testigo y a la dieta con garbanzo de descarte cocido, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias entre el garbanzo de descarte crudo y el garbanzo de descarte cocido para la eficiencia alimentaria y el rendimiento de la canal. Se concluye que la inclusión en la dieta de 60 % de garbanzo de descarte crudo con respecto al cocido, mejora la respuesta productiva y el peso de la canal, sin modificar el rendimiento en codorniz japonesa en engorde, por lo que no se recomienda la cocción por ebullición para su utilización en esta categoría animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to construct the life table of Plodia interpunctella Hübner on chickpea. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology, National Center for Plant and Animal Health (CENSA), under average conditions of temperature and relative humidity of 26.6 ± 1.0°C and 78.2 ± 6.5%, respectively. For the study, a cohort of 133 eggs was selected. After egg hatching, the number of larval instars and mortality in each of the insect stages were determined. With the results, the life table was constructed and several population parameters calculated. This lepidopteron showed high fecundity (mx) with an average of 463 ± 34.28 eggs per female. The larval period passed through five instars, with the largest number of deaths in the first instar, which allowed that 57.53% of the total of the hatched larvae reached the adult stage. In the population parameters, a generation time (T) of 40.57 days and a high net reproductive rate (R0) (252.71) were obtained, assuring replacement in a high number. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was of 0.14 and the finite rate of increase (ë) 1.15. The high population values make of this insect species an important pest for chickpea under storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic samplings were conducted in the chickpea varieties Nacional 29 and JP-94 in three production units of Las Tunas province, Cuba, with a weekly frequency during each crop growing season from 2008–2011. The relative abundance and frequency of Heliothis virescens (F.) and Spodoptera frugiperda Smith were evaluated on 50 plants per plot in each sampling. S. frugiperda populations were observed to decline in favor of H. virescens. The carrying capacity, the intrinsic rate of increase and the coefficient of competition of both species were determined using the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition. The isoclines generated by the logistic model were determined. It was corroborated that the differences in the abundance of these species on the crop are a response to an interspecific competition for exploitation of resources. The results obtained were the base for the estimation of 0.5 to 1 larva per plant as a signaling index of H. virescens in chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea cultivation in Villa Clara was virtually unknown until recently less than a decade and consumption of this grain by people was a real luxury for most consumers, due to the extremely high prices. The presence of this product in the markets was too scarce, with productions brought from other provinces or acquired in other countries. In late 2004 a Project of Local Technology Innovation was initiated with the aim of encouraging the Chickpea crop in Villa Clara province. For this purpose small amount of seed of four varieties was acquired in the neighboring province of Sancti Spiritus in order to study the varietal behavior in our region and to distribute seed of these varieties among farmers. Later, with the support of some collaborative projects were continued doing activities with farmer and agricultural officials about agricultural extension and training on Chickpea cultivation in various municipalities of the province. Experimental studies and extension work showed that all tested varieties were ideally suited to the growing conditions of the province, that the cultivation of chickpea is very promising in our production systems due to its high resistance to drought and to the low incidence of pests and diseases and to the high yield potential. Currently the crop has become important in several municipalities in the province and product prices in the market have fallen significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out from December 2011 to June 2012 in the Pathology of Insect Laboratory of the Agricultural Research center, placed in the central university "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas. The main objective of this research was to asses the effect of ozone treatment on the seed vigor of C. arietinum. Different tests were carried out in order to do so, the germination test, electric conductivity test and emerging in tray test. This work proved that the ozone does not affect the seed vigor of the chickpea (C. arietinum), and during the storing period it stimulated the range of seed germination. The germination speed of the chickpea was not affected in the time seeds were exposed to ozone. The electrical conductivity was lesser in the treatment of those seeds exposed during 56 h with 600, 93 μSiemens/cm average. The length of the root and the stem were not affected by the ozone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out in areas of the CCSF "José Castellanos" in Santa Cruz del Norte, Mayabeque province whit the purpose of identified the main morphological and agricultural characteristics of six new chickpea lines, recently introduced in our country as basic criteria to take into account in their possible introduction into farmer's production system. The lines were seeded in November 20th of 2009. The crop was attended according to basic orientation established into Agricultural Technical Instructive of chickpea crop in Cuba. As result of this study could be established the most distinctive characteristics of each considered lines. In general, the most notable's characteristics were registered between DI-5 and DI-9 lines and between thesesand the rest. The most distinguish characters of the DI-5 linewere: growing habit semi erect; covert of grain with smoothaspect; high production of pod and grain per plant; small grain and a high yield expressed in grain per plant. The main characteristics of the DI - 5 line were: growing habit semi erect; grain of cream colour and rugs covert; a few number a pod and grain per plant and therefore a poor yield despite of produced grain of a high calibre. On the other hands, the lines rest showed characteristics intermediate with gradual differences between them. With a large growing cycle of harvest was distinguished the D-19 Line (120-130 days). In general the middle values andit range was very similar to dates reported by others researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since new fungicides are scarce in the market and because of environmental problems, researchers are now emphasizing other alternatives, such as the genetic potential of plants, resistance against pathogens, and the use of biotic and abiotic agents to develop induced or acquired resistance. We investigated the role of resistance-inducing substances (chemicals and plant extracts) in three chickpea cvs. C-44, Pb-91, and Bittle-98 in field experiments against Ascochyta blight disease. These cultivars were selected on the basis of better yield potential shown in previous experiments. Aqueous solution of salicylic acid (SA) at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM; acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) at 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mM; and KOH at 25, 50, and 75 mM were applied, whereas Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Datura metel L., and Allium sativum L. plant extracts were applied at 5, 10, and 15%. Disease reduction data was recorded at different intervals from 4 to 14 d after being induced and inoculated with the pathogen. Overall results revealed that significant disease reduction (79.3%) was provided by ASM in the cv. C-44 at 1.2 mM compared with SA, whereas the least significant was KOH. Maximum disease reduction (43.5%) against disease in the plant extracts was observed by applying A. indica leaf extract, but D. metel and A. sativum extracts were not effective. Our findings suggest that enhancing resistance before infecting chickpea plants could be an innovative control method for Ascochyta blight of chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heliothis virescens (F.) is the main pest of the chickpea considered in Cuba, and your action constitutes losses in the yields. The present work had as objective to determine the biology of H. virescens in leaves and sheath chickpea. The studied was carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology, of the Center of Agricultural Researches. For the breeding of the insect was used a food was obtained starting from larva coming from the field. When obtaining the settings and to emerge the leaves, dish of Petri of 100 x 15 mm were used, where the larva were placed individually, 20 for each food, which were renewed daily. The change of instar was evaluated by those that they lapsed the leaves feed with the used diets, time duration since larva to adult, the weight of the pupa and the relationship male-female. It was obtained that the leaves of H. virescens feed with fresh leaves of chickpea lapsed for seven to instar, and those feed with fresh fruits by six to instar, the time of duration of the larval instars was of 27.93 days and of 14.5 days respectively, while in the pre-pustule state and pustule did not have differences among them. The larva development to adult was of 40.23 days in the leaves that fed with fresh leaves, what overcame in 15.29 days the development of those feed with fruits and the relationship male: female was of 1.2:1 and of 1:1 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea rust (Uromyces ciceris-arietini (Grognot) Jacz. & Boyd.) is an important foliar disease in all areas where this legume is cultivated. The present work was carried out during two consecutive years (2009 and 2010), with the objective of evaluating, under field conditions, the incidence (I) and severity (S) of chickpea rust on 28 genotypes and its relationship with leaf types (TH) uni-imparipinnate (A) and multipinnate (B). In the time studied, rust manifested massively late, with I = 92.14 % and S = 61.10 %, corresponding the highest infection levels to genotypes with leaf type A, compared to leaf type B; three lines B and one A presented better behavior to rust. Severity and incidence was correlated with each other and with the TH. This work constitutes the first study carried out in Cuba about genotypes response to rust and represents an advance step in the genetic improvement related with the selection, adoption and dissemination of chickpea cultivars with a better disease behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insecticidal effect of products from Piper aduncum subsp. ossanum (C.DC.) Saralegui (Piperaceae) and zeolite, as an inert material, was determined on Lasioderma serricorne (F.) on chickpea under laboratory conditions. Four treatments (PAO-1, PAO-2, zeolite, and a control), were studied in a completely randomized design with four replications. The chickpeas (100 g) were mixed with the products or zeolite in glass jars. The highest values of mortality and reduction of adult emergence were observed with PAO-2. All the products tested showed a repellent effect against the pest with the best result obtained with PAO-1. No significant differences were found in the germination of chickpea grains in any of the treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antagonistic activity in vitro of microorganisms isolated from chickpea rhizosphere, was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizoctonia solani, causal agents of chickpea wilt. The native strains with the higher percentage of pathogen mycelial growth inhibition were selected and identified as Trichoderma lignorum (CIAD 06-540903), T. harzianum (CIAD 05-550903), Bacillus subtilis (CIAD-940111), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (CIAD-990111). These strains and a commercial strain of T. harzianum (T-22) were mixed with Glomus intraradices and their effectiveness to reduce chickpea wilt was compared against a chemical treatment (PCNB) and an absolute control in the field. The seed was treated with the microorganisms before sowing and evaluations of disease severity were conducted each 15 days, while root colonization by the antagonistic microorganisms was assessed 45 days after sowing. Colonization of T. harzianum CIAD 05-550903 + G. intraradices was 3.3 × 103 ufc/g fresh root-75% and B. subtilis + G. intraradices was 1.3 × 108 ufc/g fresh root-75%; while the combination P. fluorescens + G. intraradices was 1.4 × 107 ufc/g fresh root-88%. These treatments also showed a reduction of disease severity in 64, 57, and 51%, respectively in comparison with the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural areas of production units of Las Tunas province were sampled during three growing seasons to determine the species of insects associated with the chickpea crop in the province. Thirty two species belonging to seven orders and 21 families were detected, among which Heliothis virescens (F.) was recognized as the main pest affecting the crop. Plodia interpunctella Hubner and Lasioderma serricorne (F.) were reported for the first time in the country attacking chickpea under storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The apparent protein digestibility (AD) of flour and solutions of chickpea flour (GD) (Cicer arietinum L.) in vivo was evaluated using albino laboratory mice (Mus musculus BALB / C) and in vitro using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycetaceae) as the model organism, using the YPD medium (yeast extract, peptone, dextrose) at pH 5.8 as control. The GD media were prepared with and without enzyme adjusted to 5.8, 5.5, 4.6, 3.8, 2.8, 2.3 and 2.0 pH values. The model organism was seeded in Petri dishes with YDP and GD media, incubated at 30°C for 24 h. Mice were used in 5 working groups with 2 specimens per group, fed diets based on commercial oats, corn flour and 4, 8, 12% chickpea flour. A 20 g/d ration was given for 15 days, at the end the feces were collected and the nitrogen and protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The in vitro AD obtained with the model organism from GD at pH 5.8 with the addition of enzyme, showed a 66.5±11.9% value. The AD obtained in vivo with "albino mice" using chickpea flour between 4 to 12%, showed values between 80,0 and 83,5% with p <0.05. We observed the feasibility of using DA evaluation using S. cerevisiae, which should be expanded with additional research, because it is a low cost alternative that would help overcome limitations and ethical objections for the use of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre el manejo de insectos relacionados con el garbanzo (Cicer arietinum) en la región de Las Tunas, Cuba. El autor comenta sobre la importancia del garbanzo en la seguridad alimentaria así como en la economía en Cuba. También se consideran los procesos del control de las plagas afectando el garbanzo.

El garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.), es una de las principales fuentes de alimentación humana y animal y se sitúa en la lista de leguminosas más cultivadas del mundo, después de la soya (Glycine max), el haba (Vicia faba), los frijoles (Phaseolus vulgaris) y los chícharos o guisantes (Pisum sativum). Entre los factores bióticos que limitan una alta producción de garbanzo, se encuentran las enfermedades producidas por diferentes microorganismos patógenos del suelo. La Marchitez o Fusariosis, agente causal Fusarium spp., es la enfermedad más importante del cultivo de garbanzo, incide de forma negativa sobre los componentes del rendimiento y la calidad del grano. Esta enfermedad se presenta de forma ascendente y descendente según la especie, las plantas enfermas abortan sus flores y los pocos granos que logran formarse son de menor calibre. Para el control de esta enfermedad se utilizan medidas agrotécnicas, químicas y biológicas, siendo estas últimas muy efectivas desde el ámbito económico, social y ambiental. La lucha biológica con productos con base a cepas de Trichoderma ha tenido una aceptación favorable, y generalizada en la agricultura cubana, por mostrar varios mecanismos de acción con efectos directos e indirectos en la reducción de microorganismos fitopatógenos. En este sentido, la Marchitez es una enfermedad de difícil control, por lo que conocer sobre la biología del patógeno y su interacción con el hospedante son aspectos importantes para establecer un control más eficiente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the agroproductive response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different soil humidity conditions. For that purpose, an experiment was carried out in areas of the UBPC "El Sordo", municipality Martí, Matanzas. Three treatments were studied: control (the watering was applied to indicate the Technical Handbook for the cultivation of chickpea on the Cuba conditions), unirrigated conditions and unirrigated + Trichoderma sp. At the moment of harvest, it was determined the number of legumes per plant, number of empty legumes per plants, number of seeds per legumes, number of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds (g) and yield (t ha-1). A total randomize design was used and data was processed with the statistic software STATGRAPHIC plus 5.1. The analyzed treatments affected the yield and their attributes on chickpea, variety JP 94. Control (with watering) showed the best response. The application of TRICOSAVE 34 based on Trichoderma harzianum strain A-34 unirrigated, did not increased the yield parameters evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to evaluate the incidence of root rot in three cultivars of Cicer arietinum L. The experiments were carried out from December 2019 to April 2020, on Fluffed carbonated Brown Soil, at the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas. Fusarium spp. it was detected in 100 % of the lants with symptoms of the disease. No significant statistical differences were found between the cultivars regarding the incidence of Fusarium spp., with values higher than 30 %. The phenological stage of the crop most affected by the disease was the filling of legumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of ionic strength and soaking time of chickpea Kabuli (Cicer arietinum L.), bean cargamanto (Phaseolus vulgaris Cranberry Group), and pea (Pisum sativum) on the kinetics of water absorption and capacity of water retention (CAA and CRA) of each one of the grains were determined. To do this, solutions of 0, 0.1, 2.6, and 5.2 mol of NaCl / L ions were used, in relation grain: solution (1: 6). In the results, it was found that grain type, ionic strength and time had a significant effect on CAA and CRA. In chickpeas with the addition of NaCl at a concentration of 0.1M, the soaking time can be reduced from 8 h without salt to 6 h, obtaining CAA and CRA of 0.8 g and 76.95% respectively. In relation to beans and peas, the largest CAA and CRA were obtained with 14h of soaking, without the addition of NaCl. The addition of NaCl in the soaking of grains can decrease the soaking time, but the added amount influences its technicalfunctional properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to select promising strains of Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg for the control of Fusarium spp. pathogens of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The antagonistic activity (competition for space, mycoparasitism, and antibiosis) of the Trichoderma strains was evaluated by the dual culture method and the antibiosis by the suspension method (volatile metabolites) and by filtrates (non-volatile metabolites) of the antagonist. All the Trichoderma strains tested showed high competitive capacity for space vs Fusarium isolates, except Ta.85. Trichoderma strains Ta.3, Ta.12, Ta.25, Ta.78, and Ta.79 stood out for their mycoparasitism in Fusarium nygamai (F-11) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (F-50). Strain Ta. 1 showed its mycoparasitic effect on the isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (F-50) and (F-51). Strains Ta.1, Ta.28, Ta.78 and Ta.79 were outstanding due to their metabolic action against the Fusarium isolates. The action of the volatile metabolites excreted by Trichoderma on the Fusarium isolates growth was variable. Some Trichoderma strains, such as Ta.56 against F-11, Ta.1 against F-50, and Ta.28 against F-50, and F-5l, stood out for showing higher values of inhibition of Fusarium growth and stability in the results, due to the lower variability of their variances. The non-volatile metabolites of the Ta.79 strain had the highest inhibition values against the pathogen isolates, being this strain the most stable. From the comprehensive analysis of all mechanisms studied, the strain Ta.79 was the most promising to control Fusarium spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study are to know the development time of each state and stage of Caliothrips phaseoli on Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), Cicer arietinum L. (Fabaceae), Nicotiana glauca Graham and N. tabacum L. (Solanaceae), the types of reproduction of these thrips and their index of masculinity. The study was conducted under the following ambient conditions: 25 ± 1 °C; 72 ± 6% relative humidity and 12h light/12h dark. For breeding, mature leaves of each plant were placed in dark glass bottles inside breeding cages. The development of each state and stage was inspected daily, counting also the number of individuals and the sex of emerged adults. It was found that N. glauca, P. vulgaris and N. tabacum are host plants of C. phaseoli. The pubescence density of C. arietinum limited the feeding and prevented C. phaseoli oviposition, therefore it could not represent an efficient host for these thrips. The average duration of the total cycle of C. phaseoli reached in the solanaceaes was higher in N. tabacum (20,6 days) and lower in N. glauca (16 days), while in the fabaceae (P. vulgaris) it reached an intermediate value (19 days). In N. tabacum and P. vulgaris it was the same since no significant differences were found between them. In all three plants, the state which needed more development time was the egg (6-8 days), followed by the larva II (4, 4.5 days), while the larva I and the quiescent states varied between 1.85 and 3.36 days. This species reproduces by amphigonia and parthenogenesis with exclusively male offspring in the latter case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bruchids feed primarily on legume seeds, which include some economically important crops such as the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) among others. Whereas the first is the main source of protein in the human diet; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp because of its nutritional properties could replace the bean, pests, in particular bruchids, are a major problem and cause considerable postharvest losses. For this reason, it is necessary to determine population parameters of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831), Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) from two different hosts and Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) fed with V. unguiculata through a demographic study under controlled conditions. Population parameters were estimated with the cohort life table technique, the Log rank test (p ≤ 0. 05), reproductive rates, and confidence intervals with the non-parametric technique of overlapping intervals (p ≤ 0. 10) to compare instantaneous rate of population growth (rm), also called innate increment capacity. These parameters were estimated with the emergence of adults and reproductive rates. Callosobruchus maculatus from either of two hosts could cause serious problems when associated with V. unguiculata. Nevertheless, A. obtectus and Z. subfasciatus could be a problem, only if V. unguiculata is the only option in storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]