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Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería en Cardiologia is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Enfermeria en Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze scientific productions that address prevention and care strategies in the obstruction of central venous catheters that are fully implanted in cancer patients. Material and Method: This is an integrative literature review, which took place on the MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL and EMBASE databases, from 20 July 2019 to 31 July 2019, using as descriptors: Central venous catheterization; Catheter obstruction and Oncology, in addition to the use of free terms: Catheter fully implanted and Neoplasia. Results: In total, 10 studies were selected and included. After the analysis, the following analysis categories emerged: Strategies for preventing obstruction in CVC-TI and Care established in clearing the CVC-TI; having as main subjects approached: the comparison between the effectiveness in the use of heparin and saline solution for maintenance and time interval between them; unblocking methods and permeability assessment of CVC-TI. Conclusion: Despite the emergence of new possible ways of preventing obstruction and care strategies for clearing CVC-TI, the literature does not have a consensus on the use of solutions with or without heparin and the time interval between maintenance for the effectiveness of the permeability of these devices in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events by a peripherally inserted central catheter in newborns. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a reference maternity hospital in high-risk maternal and child care in Northeast Brazil. The sample of 108 neonates was collected from February to November 2016. Results: The prevalence of adverse events in newborns was 53.70%, associated with the following variables: male gender (p=0.033), weight below 2500 grams (p=0.003), insertion performed after 48 hours of life (p=0.027), more than three puncture attempts (p=0.024), difficulty in inserting the catheter (p=0.040), intercurrence during catheter insertion (p=0.027), over two dressing changes (p=0.009), and non-central position of the device (p=0.042). Conclusion: The results indicate the need for strategies to prevent adverse events, with emphasis on continuing education and on the improvement of skills regarding the use of this device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) guidance has been recently proposed for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement since it may reduce the time of placement and avoid radiological control.Objective: to evaluate IC-ECG compared to conventional radiological control. METHOS: prospective study of 532 consecutive patients. Those with arrhythmias or on antiarrhythmic drugs were excluded. In all cases, PICC tip placement was checked by IC-ECG guidance and by a chest X-ray, which was considered as the reference test.Results: PICC placement with IC-ECG guidance was achieved in 96.8% of patients (applicability). PICC correct placement according to IC-ECG guidance was confirmed by chest X-ray in 94% of patients (accuracy). In 13 patients (2.7%) the catheter had to be repositioned after radiological control. The κ concordance index was 0.356 (p < 0.001). The IC-ECG sensitivity was 0.98, with a PPV of 0.97 and a positive likelihood ratio of 1.5. However, the specificity was only 0.35 with a NPV of 0.41 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.06.Conclusion: PICC placement by IC-ECG guidance is plausible, safe, presents adequate indexes of validity and reliability, and allows reducing the time of catheter placement. However, radiological verification is still necessary, especially in cases of negative or uncertain ECG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The insertion of intravenous catheters has become an essential procedure in Pediatric Intensive Care Units. The object of this study is to caracterize the morbimortality associated with intravenous treatment of severely ill pediatric patients. This is a descriptive, longitudinal prospective study, carried out during 2016, at the Intensive Care Unit of Pepe Portilla Pediatric Hospital, Pinar of the Río. The sample was constituted by 182 patients admitted within the study period and requiring intravenous access. The information was obtained from patients medical history and from the unit's record of continuous morbility. It was processed with SPSS for Windows, with the hypothesis test of proportions and percentages. 51.12% of the admitted patients had an intravenous access, 31.46% by via femoral; 60.83% of patients were under one year old. Main use of intravenous was the administration of medications (100%), the 56.59% had the procedure over 10 days, the 12.08% of patients presented complications, infection was more frequent. Conclusions are that there is a high incidence of intravenous procedures, being infection for catheter the most frequent correlated complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agora de Enfermeria is the property of Agora de Enfermeria SRL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MedULA is the property of Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo presenta una serie de estudios en el campo de la medicina. Un estudio pretende analizar los efectos metabólicos de la taurina en la nutrición parenteral total. Otro discurre sobre la prevalencia de infección de catéter venoso central en el uso de nutrición parenteral. También se examina la deficiencia de magnesio en mujeres posmenopausicas.

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is one of the most important complications in patients with a central venous catheter (CVC), due to its association with increased mortality, morbidity and health care cost. The administraron of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is considered a CRBSI risk factor. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of CRBSI in patients with TPN that were hospitalized at the medical-surgical wards. Methods: This is a prospective observational study in non-critical patients who received TPN and were admitted at our hospital from January 2010 to November 2011. The clinical end point was the CRBSI. CRBSI incidence rate was calculated from episodes by every 1000 CVC-day. CRBSI independent risk factors were obtained from logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 331 patients were prescribed TPN during our study. The mean time of catheterization was 12.4 (DE 8.7) days and the mean TPN duration was 10.4 (DE 8.3) days. 47 cases of CRBSI were recorded, with an incidence rate of 11.4/1,000 CVC-day and of 13.7/1,000 NPT-day. Risk factors for CRBSI on univariante analysis included duration of catheterization more than 20 days (OR = 2.48; IC 95%: 1.16-5.26), TPN duration more than 2 weeks (OR= 4.63; IC 95%: 2.16-9.90) and the presence of fistulas (OR = 3.08; IC 95%: 1.24-7.63). At multivariate analysis, TPN duration (OR for a duration more than 14 days= 4.9; IC 95%: 2.2-10.9; p < 0.0001) was the only independent risk factor for CRBSI. Conclusion: In non-critical adult patients hospitalized at the medical-surgical wards, we have demonstrated that duration of TPN infusion increases the CRBSI risk. This risk increase is especially remarkable, being multiplied by 5, with a duration superior to 2 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Infections related to central venous catheters (CVC) are complications with a high prevalence and possible serious consequences. Administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a risk factor, although the information available for these patients and conventional inpatient units is scarce. Objective: To determine the rate of catheter-related bacteremia (CRB) in patients with TPN and to identify possible relationships with administration route or place of insertion, to determinate the current situation and identify possible preventive measures. Method: Prospective-observational study of 13 months. All adult patients who received TPN were included. Infection rate used was the CRB per 1,000 days of CVC. Results: 176 CVC were registered in 159 patients. In 47% of CVC, vein access was jugular vein, despite being a location of greatest risk of infection. In critically ill patients, which followed a zero bacteremia project, there was no cases of infection. In other patients, bacteremia rate was 13.10 per 1,000 days of CVC. The average time elapsed between catheter insertion and infection was 11 days (range: 4-22) and the most frequent species were S. epidermidis (38%) and S. hominis (19%). Discussion: In our environment there is a high rate of BRC in non-critical patients, with a high proportion of CVC in locations with higher risk of infection, despite not having found in the sample a higher rate of infection depending on the access route. Place of insertion, operating room face ward, is related to a lower rate of BRC. Measures to standardize clinical practice may reduce its incidence. The zero bacteremia project is confirmed as a highly effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has a key role in the management of permanent or transient intestinal failure in the pediatric patient. Although its use is not without complications. We review our experience since the beginning of the program in 1993. Patients and methods: Longitudinal and retrospective study of the clinical records from 25 infants and children (11 boys, 14 girls) who received HPN in this period. If a patient received HPN in periods separated more than 3 months we consider a different episode. In this way, 32 episodes were described. Quantitative data are presented as mean or median and qualitative as frequency. Complications are presented as complication rate per 1,000 days of HPN. Results: 16 patients started HPN younger than 1 year. Total length of HPN was 9,986 days, median 174 days (range 7 to 2,444 days). Main indication was short bowel syndrome (n = 6); motility disorders (n = 6); chronic diarrhea (n = 5), malnutrition (n = 3) and other causes (n = 5). 47 catheters were used; mean length 212.5 days, median 120 days (range: 7 to 930). Most of central venous catheters were tunnelled catheters (n = 42); subcutaneous ports (n=3) and in two cases periferically inserted central catheters (PICCS). Complication rate per 1,000 days of HPN was: 3.4 for catheter-related infections, 0.1 for obstruction; 0.9 for leakage, and 0.1 for accidental removal. Most common microorganisms were Staphylococcus coagulase negative (47%), Gram negative bacteria (21%), Staphylococcus aureus (15%), fungi (9%) and others in 9%. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease was present in 4 patients. 21 patients were weaned off HPN, 3 patients deceased because of underlying disease, 2 patients underwent intestinal transplantation, while 5 patients continue in the program. Conclusions: Every year two new patients enter in the program. 65% of patients were weaned off HPN. Infectious complications were the most frequent (rate 3.4 infections per 1,000 days of HPN). Mean length of HPN was 174 days, and 120 days for cathete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Nosocomial infections are a trascendental public health problem. Healthcare professionals should avoid risks, ensuring the safety of the patient through the care, as the placement, maintenance and removal of central venous catheter. It therefore aims to identify the relationship between the level of knowledge and application of measures for maintaining central vascular access. Material and methods. This is an analytical, correlation and transversal study with a sample of 90 nurses in the intensive care services, neurology and internal medicine in a third level hospital by two instruments, one to measure the level of knowledge level dichotomous and the other to measure their application with a Likert scale. Were performed descriptive and inferential statistics to relate the level of knowledge and its application. Results. The sample middle score was 5 at the level of knowledge, and application in intensive care, the 100% applies without omissions. Adverse events identified were, forcing to permeate the infusion catheter, 67%, the lack of alcohol swabs placed at the entrance of the lumen by switching circuits infusion, 51%, lack of heparinization of lumens, 69% and the incorrect designation of lumens, 92%. Pearson's r was used which was obtained low positive correlation of 0.373 between the variable level of knowledge and application. Conclusions. There is a 37% of correlation between the level of knowledge and the application for the maintenance of central venous catheter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Comparing the efficacy of a protocol for scheduled central line change 8 days after insertion to local/systemic driven change protocol regarding the prevention of central venous or arterial catheter colonisation and infection. Design. Prospective, randomised clinical trial. Patients. All patients admitted to the ICU requiring central venous catheter insertion from August 1st 2008 to October 31st 2009. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to timing of central line exchange. In one group, venous catheter was removed by day 8, and in the other group, it was removed guided by local or systemic signs of infection. Measurements and Main Results. Catheter distal tips were quantitatively cultured in all patients. Significant catheter colonisation rate (i.e. > or = 103 colony-forming units [cfu]/mL by quantitative culture) and catheter-related sepsis (as defined by sepsis abating following catheter removal per 1,000 catheter-days) were significantly lower in the 8th day removal group (12 vs. 31 [0.4 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.9 95 % confidence interval; p < 0.1] and 6 vs. 16 [0.4 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.97 95 % confidence interval; p=0.05], respectively). Central venous catheter colonisation and central venous catheter-related sepsis rate per 1,000 catheter-days were also significantly lower in the 8th day removal group (8 vs. 31 [0.3 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.9 95 % confidence interval; p = 0.03] and 5 vs. 19 [0.3 relative risk; 0.1 to 0.9 95 % confidence interval; p = 0.02], respectively). Conclusions. The 8th day catheter removal strategy was more effective than catheter removal strategy guided by signs of infection in terms of colonisation and catheter-related sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Central venous catheters (CVC) are indispensable in modern-day medical practice, particularly in intensive care units (ICU). The majority of bloodstream infections are related to central venous catheters, and in the ICUs the incidence is higher. In 2002, the CDC guidelines for handling of intravascular devices were published, with recommendations of the level of evidence for their handling. Methods: The present study is the first of two phases destined to systematize the handling of the central venous catheters to CDC guidelines. It was made between April and August of 2007, including all patients of the ICU with CVCs. The rate of related infections to CVC was calculated per 1,000 catheter days. The results were analyzed using the Chi-squared test and the results of some of the variables by logistic regression and t student test. Results: Data were successfully obtained on 125 catheters (1246 catheter days). Of 125 catheters, 68 were cultured, being positive 57 of them. The proportion of clinically significant infections was 60% of the cultured catheters. Conclusions: Now, the rate of catheter related infections in the ICU is higher than the maximum allowed and a uniform handling of the catheters does not exist. We found seven bloodstream infections and 34 not confirmed bloodstream infections, total 33 per 1000 catheter days, six times greater than the standard. The most important variable was the urgent collocation of the catheters. The most important things that need to be implemented are positioning of the catheters in a sterile way, hand washing, removal of unnecessary catheters and personnel education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of central venous catheters (CVC) in pediatric patients has implayed a great advance in modern medicine. Their use has allowed the development of new techniques, diagnostic and specialized treatments. Vascular access is one of the most common procedures currently performed by pediatric surgeons. It is used for hemodynamic monitoring, metabolic and nutritional support, fluid administration, chemotherapy, prolonged use of antibiotic, blood transfusion, and samples. The most common complications include: pneumothorax, infections, arterial punction, and hemothorax The use of thoracoscopy for hemothorax drainage, and coagulation of the bleeding vessel with electrocautery or harmonic scalpel, is a useful and safe alternative, which entails faster recovery time and minimal postoperative pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood-stream catheter related infection is the most severe complication in patients carrying a central venous catheter. Parenteral nutrition (PN) use seems to be a risk factor for developing a catheter-related infection (CRI). Material & methods: In order to know the incidence of CRI in children to further implement policies to reduce nosocomial infection, we review all charts of children (1 month to 17 years) who received parenteral nutrition while in hospital. All episodes of fever + positive blood culture were recorded. Infection rate was defined as number of episodes/1000 Parenteral nutrition days. Results: 48 positive blood cultures were obtained from 120 patients. Infection rate was 37.8/1000 days. Incidence was significantly higher in infants and toddlers (52% vs 29.8%, p = 0.016). Most frequent organisms were coagulase negative Staph. (56.8%), Gram negative bacilli (20.8%), Staph aureus (12.5%) and fungus (12.5%). No difference in incidence was found according to the underlying disease or the length of PN use. Conclusions: Infection rate in our PN inpatient patients was significantly higher. PN may represent a risk factor for developing a CRI. Specific measurements and policies need to be implemented to overcome present situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]