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Maternal and paternal involvement are an important predictor of child development. In the current study, we describe the cognitive and affective involvement of parents with their three-year-old children in a sample of 115 Chilean parents of medium/low socioeconomic status. Additionally, we analysed differences in the level of involvement of mothers and fathers and examined the relationship between depressive symptoms, parental stress, number of children, level of parental education, gender of the child and parental involvement. We performed a descriptive, correlational and regression analysis. The results revealed that mothers and fathers report higher levels of affective than cognitive involvement. When comparing mothers and fathers, mothers reported higher levels of cognitive and affective involvement. Paternal stress and depressive symptoms were negatively associated with cognitive and affective involvement with their children. In mothers, more children and stress were associated with lower levels of cognitive involvement with their children.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Argentine Society of Rheumatology/Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología is the property of Editorial Biotecnologica S.R.L and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Depression is considered one of the main mental health issues in medical students. Previous studies have shown that medical students have a higher prevalence of depressive symptomatology than the general population and that said prevalence is higher during the medical internship stage compared to the rest of the training. In Mexico there are few reports on the prevalence rates of depressive symptomatology in medical students, particularly, during the medical internship. This work is a Descriptive-observational cross-sectional study and determines the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in medical students from a private university in Puebla city in Mexico undergoing the medical internship. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) was used as the main research instrument and validates 20 items in Mexican population. An online version of the CESD-R and a demographic questionnaire that includes a question about thoughts quitting career and/or internship, was applied to 204 students who were doing their undergraduate medical internship in February 2019. The sample was constituted by 71 men and 133 women with a mean age of 23.26 ± 1.28 years. For the total sample, 61.27 % were in their first month and 38.73 % in their sixth month of their internship stage; 70.59 % were carrying out their internship in a public hospital and 29.41 % in a private hospital. The results showed that the prevalence of subthreshold depression symptoms (> 16 points of the CESD-R) in the sample was 52.45% of which, 20.58 % were categorized under clinically significant depressive symptomatology with probable major depressive episode (MDE) and 31.86%, in the category of probable sub-threshold depression. Taking as reference the depressive symptoms established for the MDE criteria by DSM-V and its association with each item of the CESD-R, it is noted a prevalence of suicidal ideation from the total sample of 6.86 %. The most frequent depressive symptoms were sleep disturbances (66.17 %), depressive mood (dysphoria, 44.6 %) and fatigue (37.25 %). The proportion of the depressive mood was significantly higher in women than in men, 55.63 % and 23.94 %, respectively, as well as the persistence of fatigue or loss of energy, present in 43.6% of women and 25.35% of men. Whereas the prevalence of the sleep disturbances was greater in men 78.87 % than in women 59.39 %. The association of depressive symptomatology has been analyzed with thoughts about quitting career or internship and it was observed that 32.4% had thoughts about quitting career and/or internship in the last two weeks during the time of performing the questionnaire. The comparative analysis with the presence of depressive symptoms revealed significant differences as to the proportion between groups. Such thoughts were present in 32 of the 42 students with clinically significant depressive symptomatology and 24 of the 65 students with probable episode of sub-threshold depression. Through the analysis of odds ratio (OR), it was determined that the students with depressive symptomatology have 9.55 times greater predisposition to manifest thoughts about quitting career and/or internship. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in students undergoing the year of medical internship analyzed in this study was high and was associated with the idea of leaving the career and/or medical internship. These results support the need for research and implementation of new strategies to detect, prevent and treat depressive disorders in the next generations of medical internship students in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychology, Society & Education is the property of Psychology, Society & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To evaluate the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Brief Version (CESD-7) psychometric properties in Mexican adult population, and validate a cutoff for classifying subjects according to the presence / absence of clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS). Materials and methods. Screening cross-sectional study with a subsample of 301 adult residents of the Morelos state in Mexico, originally interviewed for the National Survey of Health and Nutrition 2012. Sensitivity and specificity of the selected cutoff were estimated using as reference the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Results. The cutoff point estimated was CESD-7=9. Using the ICD-10 the sensitivity and specificity were 90.2 and 86%, and ROC was 88%. Using DSM-IV, the values were 80.4, 89.6, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions. The short version of the CESD-7 has good psychometric properties and can be used as a screening test to identify probable cases of subjects with clinically significant depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Depression has been frequently related with suicidal behavior. Evidences of depressive symptoms in adolescents and young people with suicidal ideation or suicidal intention have been showed in several studies. For that reason, it is necessary to have an adequate instrument to measure and identify some characteristics associated with self-destructive behavior in university students. Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of CES-D/IS in students at the University Juarez of the State of Durango (UJED). Material and Methods The universe of study selected for the schooling period of 2008 consisted of 943 students from 13 academic units. CES-D/IS scale was applied. Before the interview informed consent was obtained from all the participants and they were informed about the nature and scope of the study. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the instrument validity, and Cronbach alpha for internal consistency. Further analysis included Student t-test and Mann-Withney U test. A pvalue below 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The data were analyzed with SPSS, version 15 and R v 2.7.2. Results The total scale showed a high value of internal consistency (α=0.89), and similar results for academic areas, for age and sex. Factor analysis showed a four-factor structure that accounted for 45.5% of variance. Conclusions CES-D/IS scale has adequate psychometric properties in reliability and in validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Mental health can have different meanings in indigenous communities, which is why understanding mental problems requires studying the context. Knowledge of mental health in these communities sheds light on the population's perception of how they live and experience the stressful events that cause depressive symptomatology. The aim of this article is to analyze the link between the symptoms expressed in an indigenous population and the symptoms evaluated using the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies (CES-D) and its link with socio-demographic variables. Method The sample comprises indigenous women from the Mezquital Valley who attended medical consultations and were referred for psychological treatment since they were considered to be suffering from emotional malaise due to their inability to cope with living with a relative who was a heavy drinker . A mixed method that explores meanings was used to analyze the information. This method involves the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data that complement each other in order to understand the cultural context and influences. The quantitative analysis consisted of obtaining the score for depressive symptomatology and its link with socio-demographic variables such as academic achievement, age, occupation and marital status. Presence (experiencing the symptom in the week prior to the interview, regardless of the number of days) and persistence (experiencing the symptom from five to seven days) were analyzed. Results and discussion Sixty-two per cent obtained high scores for depressive symptomatology. The qualitative data indicate that the women expressed feelings that correspond to items in the CES-D. Working and being young constitute a protective factor that provides women with a social life and a degree of independence. The effectiveness of the CES-D as a screening instrument means that it can be applied in primary health care to alert professionals and ensure timely referral. Conclusion The CES-D scale is suitable for measuring depressive symptomatology in Mexico's indigenous population. However , these findings must be treated with caution because of the population's meanings and representations of health and illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal depressive symptoms, due to their high prevalence (22% to 37%) and negative consequences on the health of the mother , the baby and the course of pregnancy, require early detection to provide support and treatment. The CES-D is a scale to identify symptoms of depression that is easy and quick to apply and has adequate validity among expectant mothers. The purpose of the study was to analyze the validity and reliability of the CES-D in pregnant Mexican women, as well as its sensitivity, specificity and predictive values using the SCID as the gold standard. Method The study was based on the secondary analysis of data. A sample of 98 pregnant women attending antenatal care in health center was selected because they displayed depressive symptoms or previous depression. Results The internal consistency of the CES-D was α = 0.81. Factor analysis, which assessed the construct validity, yielded four interpretable factors (depressive affect, lack of energy/somatic symptoms, interpersonal relationships and positive affect), which accounted for 49.10% of the variance. The ROC curve analyses, showed an AUC of 0.81; for a cutoff point of ≥ 16, showed 100% sensitivity and 19.6% specificity; and sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 76.1% for ≥ 28 cut-off point. Conclusions The CES-D showed excellent internal and construct validity in Mexican pregnant women and appeared to be a suitable tool for detecting depressive symptoms -- a requisite for implementing preventive actions. However, it was less accurate, but still acceptable, when diagnosing major depression according to DSM-IV criteria with a score of ≥ 28. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To document the association between depression and suicidal behavior in a sample of young Senior High School students in the state of Sonora. It also looks forward to provide a reflection on variables of regional context, in which a third of the young people report depressive characteristics. Materials and methods The study is descriptive, transversal and comparative; a total of 1358, both male and female students ranging from 15 to 19 years old, were involved. The Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies CES-D and the Roberts Suicidal Ideation Scale were used. Results Depression occurs in 67.3% of those who have attempted to commit suicide and in 81.1% of those revealing suicidal ideas. Such differences are statistically significant when compared with those without suicidal behavior. No statistically significant differences by gender are revealed in young people with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, but it does reveal a higher tendency in women. Statistically significant higher rates of depression than men were revealed by women in groups that do not have these behaviors. Young people with depression have a risk of suicidal ideas 16 times higher , and 5 times higher for suicidal attempts. Discussion Depression is significantly associated with suicidal behavior , being more common in women. Currently, the contemporary youth experiences feelings of disappointment before the contradictions faced day after day, mostly hidden under a conformity appearance and general discouragement feelings that end up triggering depressive issues. Nowadays, such phenomenon places youth in a situation of outright vulnerability, affecting their emotional health before a lack of opportunities and spaces, thus. Hence the relevance of addressing the issues on both depression and suicidal behavior from a gender and an interdisciplinary perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Depression in the elderly is of interest because of its relationship with increased demand for health services, as well as the low frequency of diagnosis. Objective To determine the frequency of depressive symptoms (DS) among elderly beneficiaries in Mexico City by the revised scale of depression of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of the United States (CES-DR) and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Materials and methods In the first phase of the study we evaluated the presence of significant DS with the 30-item GDS. Those with scores of 11 or more were considered positive and were included in the second phase. In this phase were added a random sample with negative scores. All participants completed the second phase of the revised CES-DR. The 80 percentile was used in this study with a cut-off of 57 points. Results A total of 7449 elderly were included in the first phase. The prevalence of reported significant DS with the GDS was 21.7% (n = 1.616) (IC- 95%, 20.4-23.0). The sample for the second phase included 2 923 elderly. The mean age was 70.8 years, 61.7% were women. Twelve percent (95% CI, 9.2-15.3) showed significant DS of major depression, 7.5% (95% CI, 6.3-8.9) was rated as probable, 17.2% (95% CI, 13.0- 22.3) possible, 2.6% (95% CI, 2.2-3.1) sub-threshold depression episode and 60.7% (95% CI, 56.2-65.1) with no significant DS episodes of major depression. Significant frequency of major depression SD is presented using the GDS and CESDR was 6.5% (95% CI, 3.3-12.4). Conclusions The expression of the identified significant SD CES-DR is different from what is reported to the GDS. The CES-DR is more sensitive and specific to identify the presence of depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Stressful life events have been seen to influence the onset and development of depressive symptoms in adolescents. These are originated by family, personal and economic situations altering the individuals' normal activities. Objective and method The objective of this study was to identify the relationship with and the effect of stressful life events on symptoms of depression in adolescent high-school students, as well as to determine if there are differences between males and females. 2292 adolescents, aged 15 to 19 years, were included (54% females and 46% males). Both the CES-D-R revised version of the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Sandín SV Life Events Questionnaire were used. Statistical Analysis. In order to assess the depressive symptoms and the life events degree of stress variables, we performed descriptive analyses, Student t-tests, Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Results The results indicate that 15.6% of the adolescents had depressive symptoms (CES-D-R) and 80.4% had suffered some family stressful life event. There were statistically significant differences in the scores for the life events degree of stress when it was analyzed by sex, with a higher mean being found in females. A significant relationship was found between depressive symptoms and the degree of stress of life events related with the social area (r=0.34; p<0.001). Additionally, the degree of stress of the life events dimensions was found to predict the presence of depressive symptoms in adolescents by 21%. Conclusions The degree of stress of life events is related with the presence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Furthermore, the fact of being a female and having experienced any stressful life event is associated with a higher depressive symptoms score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive power that parental practices have in adolescents' depressive symptomatology considering children's and parents' gender . A non-probabilistic sample was used, consisting of 1934 adolescents, from three different cities from the Mexican Republic (26.5% from Mexico City, 26.7% from Poza Rica, Veracruz, and 46.8% from Culiacán, Sinaloa). 51.4% were males and 48.6% were females, with an age range from 11 to 17 years old, and a mean of 13.3 years old. Nine dimensions of parental practices were evaluated, five for the mother: Communication, Autonomy, Imposition, Psychological control, and Behavioral control; and four dimensions for the father: Communication/Behavioral control, Autonomy, Imposition, and Psychological control. To evaluate the depressive symptomatology, a revised and adapted for Mexican population version of the Scale of Depression of the Epidemiologic Studies Center (CES-D-R) was used. The results showed that women obtained higher scores in depressive symptomatology than men. Depressive symptomatology was associated in a positive way to psychological control and imposition, in both parents, and in a negative way with communication, autonomy and behavioral control, both maternal and paternal. Linear regression analyses were done to determine the effect of parental practices in the depressive symptomatology, which were conducted by gender and by city. In general, the results showed that women had a higher percentage of explained variance (from 26% to 31%) than men (from 6% to 25%) and the dimension that explained the higher variance in most of the groups was maternal psychological control, except on men from Mexico City and Culiacán. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To provide an example of censored data analysis in the management of CED-S missing data, using a data set of a study conducted with Mexican rural women. Material and Methods Data used for this exercise were collected in a cross-sectional study with 416 women in the Mexican region known as the Mixteca Baja. Using a Survival Analysis (SA) focus we present a general description of the scores, along with the estimation of association patterns between those scores and the independent variables departing from Cox's proportional risk model. A comparison is made of these results and those obtained through a regression analysis. Results Using only the information from observations with complete data, the average CES-D score was 11.0 and the prevalence of symptoms above the cut-off point (16) was 23.2%. Twenty-six percent of the women did not respond to at least one item. When conducting the SA, the estimated mean score of the scale was 14.0. Survival above the cut-off point corresponded to an estimated prevalence of 21%. Conclusions SA is useful in the management of data sets with missing data in scales such as the CES-D. In this example, the increased percentage of observations with missing data produced a loss of precision in the estimators. The differences in mean item scores between observation with complete and incomplete data suggested a non-random, noresponse pattern, if this is not taken into consideration it could bias the estimation in the scale mean and its association with other variables. Conducting SA we were able to use the information of most women participating in the study, including those who did not respond to all items in the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CES-D is a screening instrument to measure depressive symptoms during the last week. It is useful and easy to use because no trained staff is needed to administer and score it. Interest in depression has been consistent in Mexico in recent years, and the CES-D is one of the most used scales. The goal of this paper is to present a bibliometric analysis of scientific papers reporting data obtained with the scale; the papers had to be published in a scientific journal with a reviewing board, a group of peer reviewers and be ISNN registered. Materials were found in EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases. 80 papers were published between 1986 and 2011. An average of three papers was published every year . Most of the studies were developed in Mexico City and nationwide; there was a bi-national study, a multinational one, and four in several states combined. The journals with the highest number of papers were: SALUD MENTAL, Salud Pública de México, and Revista Mexicana de Psicología. There were 17 institutions involved in coordinating the studies; six of them were international. 41% of the studies were conducted with adolescents, 32% with women, and 90% in urban contexts. There are some areas which need further study to build a more comprehensive understanding about the distribution and characteristics of depressive symptoms and hence new studies must be designed to include understudied groups and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five hundred and fifty four school children, 8 to 12 years of age, completed the Spanish version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), the ITA-UNAM, which measures anxiety in children, and the CES-D measuring depression. The study investigated the structural model of the SCAS found by Spence. Two models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis: one 38-item and a second 32-item model, both involving 6 related firstorder factors loading in a higher-order factor. The 38-item model provided a reasonably good fit, confirming the one reported by Spence. However, the second model provided the best fit of the data. Both models coincide with the most common anxiety disorders classified by the DSM-IV-TR. Further psychometric analyses reinforced construct validity of the SCAS and showed acceptable internal consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se presenta una introducción a la revista, en la cual se discurre sobre los temas abordados en este número, incluyendo la depresión mental en México, la aplicación de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) y la importancia de la salud mental del país.