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Copyright of Revista de Educación e Investigación en Emergencias is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiographic alterations are frequent in patients with central nervous system affection, mainly acute cerebrovascular diseases (more than 50%) and secondly, tumors of the brainstem (42%) and intracerebral tumors (56%), which are secondary to the irritative effect of the blood and intracranial compression, which causes an increase in sympathetic activity and excessive discharge of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline). The most frequent electrocardiographic alterations found are sinus tachycardia, ST elevation, inversion of the T wave, accumulated T waves, pathological Q waves, QT prolongation, among others. CLINICAL CASE: A 74-year-old male patient with a finding of meningioma of the right wing of the sphenoid, which presented electrocardiographic changes suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case in which electrocardiographic changes are associated with a tumor lesion of the central nervous system such as meningioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lactate is a highly dynamic metabolite that is produced, under anaerobic conditions, due to hypoxia or ischemia. Under aerobic conditions, it is synthesized by a mechanism driven by the stimulation of the β2 adrenergic receptor, which increases the activity of the sodium-potassium pump, and by a state of accelerated aerobic glycolysis. This metabolite is capable of being exchanged between different producing and consuming cells, ensuring the raw material for energy production. The sympathetic nervous system responds to stress stimuli through the release of catecholamines, which act as hormones and neurotransmitters in various tissues of the body, allowing an increase in metabolism that raises glucose and available oxygen levels. There is a physiological dependence between catecholamine levels and lactate production, predisposing the body to respond effectively to a stressful situation. However, an exacerbated adrenergic response may cause exaggerated effects on sensitive tissues that increase the probability of failure. Based on the knowledge of these mechanisms, therapeutic strategies focused on regulating the sympathetic activity are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine neoplasm located in the adrenal medulla. Objective: To highlight the importance of physical examination and the detailed clinical practice, despite the new diagnostic means that are currently available. Case presentation: A 17-years-old male patient with left adrenal incidentaloma, initially classified as an abscessed renal tumor, whose surgical specimen biopsy finally showed that it corresponded to a benign pheochromocytoma it is presented. The catecholamine determination was normal, the computed tomography revealed a retroperitoneal mass that involved the left kidney and adrenal. The neoplasm was resected and he was discharged in good condition. Conclusions: Pheochromocytoma is an infrequent and complex pathology, whose surgical resolution is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes high levels of catecholamines and it is able to exert serious cardiovascular effects. The cardiac involvement is the most frequent, with reported conditions such as transient myocardial dysfunction, acute coronary syndrome and ventricular arrhythmias. Clinical case: we reported a 36 year-old woman without cardiovascular history. She presented with an adrenergic crisis after surgery leading to acute heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. The electrocardiogram showed an ST-segment elevation and positive enzymatic curve, motion alterations in echocardiography and ventriculography without coronary arteries lesions. She was screened for secondary hypertension protocol with a 24 hour urine free catecholamine sample that was clearly elevated. Abdomen computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor located in the right adrenal gland and she underwent surgical resection. Conclusions: pheochromocytoma has different clinical presentations that may delay the diagnosis. Early recognition of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy and adequate management reduces morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present review presents the physiological changes that occur in cattle during acute stress, as well as blood biomarkers used to measure their impact on animal welfare. During the preslaughter process, cattle are often exposed to different factors that cause physical exhaustion and physiological stress which can have adverse effects on health, animal welfare, and meat quality. The most common stressors are: fast and forced movements of the truck, centrifuged force, breakdown of the social structure due to mixing of the animals, strange environment, rough treatment of cattle during loading and unloading, weather conditions, deprivation of feed and water among others. Stress has been identified as an indicator of animal welfare. Stress alters the internal animal homeostasis inducing changes in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical (HPA) axis and the sympathoadreno- medullary system. The endocrine activation promotes the release of several hormones: catecholamines, mainly adrenaline and noradrenaline; corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH); adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosteroids, mainly cortisol. Different authors have used several blood constituents to determine stress. Cortisol, despite its variability and short life, is still one the most used indicators of stress. These authors have also used the packed cell volume (PCV), glucose concentration, creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity, β-hidroxybutyrate and lactate concentration as stress indicators. The determination of these biomarkers is a practical method to monitor animal welfare in cattle beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the anatomy, clinical classification and compare the effectiveness of the Valsalva maneuver vs. decompression maneuvers to demonstrate reflux in the SFJ (USF) in patients with venous insufficiency of lower limbs (IVMsPs). Material and methods: Prospective study of 96 limbs in 49 patients with IVMsPs sent by the Angiology Service of June 2008 to June 2009. Cutting time to consider positive reflux was 2 seconds Valsalva maneuver and 0.5 seconds with decompression maneuver. Results: Of the patients studied by CEAP classification, Class 3 (34.69%) was the most prevalent, Class 2 (32.65%) was the second and showed that 23.7% of patients leaving negative reflux USF preterminal valve after the Valsalva maneuver, were positive for reflux relief maneuver. Also according to the CEAP classification 1, 2, 3, decompression maneuver was more sensitive to demonstrate reflux. Conclusion: When scanning in patients with IVMsPs in CEAP class 1, 2 and 3, should give priority to perform the maneuver of decompression, which is more sensitive in detecting reflux in the SFJ in this group of patients. SFJ (USF), APEC, pelvic venous insufficiency (IVMsPs), renal venous (IV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]