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Copyright of Revista Médica de Risaralda is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: the prevalence of undernutrition in the pediatric cancer population can vary considerably, an element that significantly influences the clinical outcome of patients. However, this is a potentially modifiable prognostic factor, which requires timely identification of nutritional risk to guide the nutritional care process. Objectives: to evaluate the operational performance of the Spanish version of the nutritional screening tool for childhood cancer (SCAN) in the context of the validation process of this instrument in a high-complexity hospital in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: the methodological design for the validation of a diagnostic scale was followed. The final sample consisted of 96 patients between 0 and 17 years with cancer and hospitalized at the Children's Cancer Center of the HOMI Foundation in Bogota. The SCAN-SP was applied to each patient and a complete nutritional assessment (CNA) was performed as a gold standard to determine nutritional status. Results: 82.3 % (n = 79) of patients were classified "at risk of malnutrition" by SCAN-SP and 69.8 % (n = 67) of the total sample had undernutrition. The evaluation of the operative performance of SCAN-SP against CNA showed excellent results: sensitivity of 100 %, specificity of 59 %, PPV of 85 %, NPV of 100 %, positive likelihood ratio of 2.4, and negative likelihood ratio of 0. Conclusion: the SCAN-SP scale performs well as a nutritional screening tool in pediatric cancer patients, so its use in clinical practice is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the predictive role of coping strategies and social support over humor styles in parents who migrate along with children with cancer. Method: A transactional-correlational quantitative design and non-probabilistic convenience sampling were used. It involved 62 parents (11 men and 51 women) between 20 and 61 years. They answered the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), COPE Inventory (COPE) and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Results: Regression models were developed for affiliative (R²=0,19, p<0,001) and aggressive humor (R²=0,25, p<0,001), both considered humor styles towards others. For self-oriented humor styles, two models were built to predict self-enhancing humor. The first model considers global social support (R²=0,25, p<0,001), while the second model, affective support (R²=0,27, p<0,001). Likewise, the first model explaining self-defeating humor considers global social support (R²=0,28, p<0,001) and the second, instrumental support (R²=0,27, p<0,001). Discussion: Coping strategies and social support in relation to humor styles in the context of illness and migration demonstrate the effectiveness of certain strategies and styles considered maladaptive in face of a highly stressful situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of proximity to industrial sources of air pollution on the occurrence of clusters of childhood cancer cases in the Aburrá Valley Metropolitan Area, Department of Antioquia, during the 2000-2015 period. Methodology: The information on childhood cancer cases in children under 15 years of age residing in the metropolitan area was obtained from the Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Antioquia (Antioquia Cancer Population Registry) for that period. 32 industrial clusters were identified based on the local environmental authority's inventory. Local and targeted Kulldorff's circular scan tests were performed to detect childhood cancer clusters in the municipalities and surrounding the industrial clusters, respectively. We used a multivariate regression model adjusted for socioeconomic strata to assess the effect of spatial variables. Results: The specific incidence rate in the Aburrá Valley for the evaluated period was 117.13 cases per million children under 15 years of age. The highest incidence rates occurred in the municipalities of Medellín and Sabaneta. The Kulldorff test identified 12 spatial clusters and 8 space-time clusters that were statistically significant in 7 municipalities, particularly in Bello and Medellín. The targeted tests identified childhood cancer clusters surrounding 20 industrial clusters. In multivariate models, an industrial cluster in Bello showed a statistically significant inverse association between incidence and distance from the industrial cluster toward the southeast. Conclusion: Some space-time childhood cancer clusters in the Aburrá Valley Metropolitan Area between 2000 and 2015 are related to proximity to industrial sources of air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: the following study was to determine the association between the history of human breastfeeding for more than 6 months, as a protective factor in the development of cancer in children and adolescents treated at the Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Clinic (Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes (IAHULA) in Merida-Venezuela; especially leukemias and lymphomas. Methods: Analytical, observational, case-control study. An interview was conducted with the mothers of children and adolescents aged between 2-15 years diagnosed with malignant neoplasms who attended the IAHULA pediatric oncology and hematology of clinic. The control group was made up of healthy subjects or those with minor medical problems, who attended the Pediatric Emergency Service or were hospitalized in the IAHULA pediatric areas. Results: When comparing the exclusive and supplemented human lactation groups, a significant association with the development of childhood cancer was demonstrated for those patients who did not receive exclusive human lactation (p= 0.018). No protective effect of human lactation for more than 6 months was demonstrated in terms of the occurrence of childhood cancer. Conclusion: The use of exclusive human lactation is associated with a protective effect for the development of childhood cancer; therefore, it could be considered that children fed human milk better cope with carcinogenic insults, modulating the interaction between infectious agents and the development of the infant immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The epidemiological trend of hemato-oncological problems in the pediatric population in our country is increasing and represents the second cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment affect the natural or acquired immune response in general, also in the expected antibody titers when vaccines are applied. In addition to the intrinsic way in cancer patients and especially in acute leukemia, there is an alteration in the number and function of B and T lymphocyte cells. The recovery of these cells occurs at least 6 to 12 months after treatment, provided that when there is complete remission of the oncological disease. Infectious complications in cancer patients continue to represent the greatest challenge to improve survival curves, especially in developing countries like ours, requiring specific protocols with broad-spectrum antibiotic regimens and other specific measures for the prevention of infectious diseases, especially those that can be prevented by vaccination. This review focuses on pointing out the current immunization guidelines in the immunocompromised pediatric patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the cardiovascular effects of childhood cancer treatment in survivors through clinical, electrocardiogram and echocardiographic methods. Material and methods: Prospective, observational case-control study of 34 patients of a Childhood Cancer Survivors Clinic, evaluated clinically, with electrocardiogram, with conventional echocardiography and strain. Average age 13.03 years; cumulative average anthracyclic dose 219.5 mg/m2; seven also with chest radiation. Analysis with student T tests and linear regression. Results: Left ejection fraction in survivors was preserved. Longitudinal left strain in 2, 3 chambers and circumferential was decreased in survivors (p < 0.05). Those undergoing radiotherapy and anthracyclic presented increased heart rate, ejection fraction and left shortening fraction decreased (< 0.05). Right ventricle without significant changes. Discussion and conclusions: There are a large number of childhood cancer survivors treated with cardiotoxics and radiotherapy. They may present changes in ventricular myocardial strain (even with normal ejection fraction) and/or arrhythmias, as evidenced in the group studied, which is consistent with previous international studies. Its complete cardiovascular evaluation is important to predict the risk of heart failure as part of a protocolized follow-up in well-established cardio oncology clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Childhood cancer is considered one of the main causes of death in children and adolescents, among the different types of this disease, leukemia, lymphomas, and central nervous system tumors stand out, especially in this population group. Although over the years the incidence rate of this disease in the population has increased, it is difficult to carry out effective prevention, once diagnosed it is vital to carry out timely treatment, which generally includes chemotherapy, surgery or radiotherapy depending on the case, in order to increase the chances of patient survival. The diagnosis of cancer in children is an event that affects both child and family member's quality of life. Thanks to the medical advances on treatment of this condition, it has been possible to achieve fruitful results in terms of survival, however, depending on the type of cancer and treatment, patients surviving this pathology may have recurrence of other cancerous tumor. Worldwide, the different regions have their own records in relation to this disease, varying greatly depending on the population studied. A common denominator has been an increase in incidence as well as survival, mainly the latter in developed countries in contrast to the undeveloped in which the outlook is bleaker; therefore prevention, diagnosis, and timely treatment remain the premises in the assessment of patients in all ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To redefine family relationships during childhood cancer confrontation through a dialogic encounter with three families of the Alejandra Velez Mejia Foundation. Methodology. Qualitative hermeneutical research carried out through conversational encounters using in-depth interviews with three families from their experience of confrontation of the chronic illnes of their children. Results and conclusion. The results include perceptions of abandonment in the family as a stressor in family relationships, anticipated family mourning for perceived losses and recognition of family-health institution knowledge. The family in a ritual to welcome a new lifestyle: new roles and links and dilemmas that represent childhood cancer. In the processes of crisis intervention, the dialogical capacity of individuals and families is strengthened with an emphasis on listening to children, adolescents and families through reflective criticism, constructive dialogue, conversation and narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arteterapia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: in childhood cancer, the disease impacts resting energy expenditure (GER) in a way that is not estimable by predictive equations.Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the concordance between the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry in pediatric oncology patients versus the World Health Organization (WHO) and Schofield predictive equations.Method: cross-sectional study in children aged 5-15 years receiving chemotherapy, in outpatient Clínica Las Condes and Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, from July 2013 to July 2015. REE measurement was performed by indirect calorimetry and WHO and Schofield equations. Concordance analysis, with clinically relevant cut-off point and concordance coefficient of 90%.Results: twenty-seven children were included and 27 calorimetries were performed; 66% of these children were diagnosed with leukemia, 15% with central nervous system tumor and 81% were in the maintenance stage of their treatment. There is no significant difference between indirect calorimetry measurement versus WHO (p 0.18) or Schofield (p 0.07), neither when stratifying by nutritional status or type of cancer diagnosis. Concordance was calculated between calorimetry and Schofield, with a concordance coefficient of Lin = 79.4% (95% CI = 65.2-93.6) and versus WHO = 78% (95% CI = 62.9-93.2).Conclusion: this level of agreement, less than 80% in both cases, is insufficient. With both equations for estimating REE, there is overestimation or underestimation of energy requirements in more than 20% of cases. There is no agreement between the measurement of REE measured with indirect calorimetry versus its estimation with Schofield's and the WHO equations. Consequently, indirect calorimetry is required as part of the nutritional assessment in a nutritionally at-risk population such as pediatric patients with oncological pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychosocial impact on parents generated by childhood cancer. An evaluation was carried out in variables related to physical and psychological symptoms, and the role of perceived social support in their health. The sample consisted of 51 parents that belonged to an association of affected families from Almeria (Spain), who answered a semi-structured questionnaire sent by post. Although these parents showed fatigue, headaches and nervousness, they did not particularly give negative scores for perceived health and satisfaction with life. There are significant differences between stressful situations related to this illness and health and well-being of participants. Perceived social support of the family unit has a significant impact on health. Regression analyses allow contrasting the relevance of the variables associated with stress and social support of the parents and children on the perception of symptoms and well-being. These results indicate the importance of continuing to analyze in depth the psychosocial factors that have an impact on the families affected, in order to facilitate their adaptation to the disease and minimize the impact it may have on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aims of this research paper were to describe the levels of stress and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in parents of children with cancer, to compare central tendency between both sexes, and to predict HRQL. The Perceived Stress Scale and the COOP/WONCA Charts were applied to a non-probability sample of 40 parents. Comparison of the means by Student's t-test and ANOVA, correlation and paths analysis by maximum likelihood with compliance of the multivariate normality assumption were used for data analysis. There were 27.5% cases of stress. The HRQL mean decreased slightly compared to the mean of general population. This decrease was predicted by higher stress and greater time since diagnosis, being both predictors mutually independent. It is suggested to reduce the stress of parents with group sessions of stress management techniques from the early stages of childhood cancer treatment to improve their levels of HRQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: En la región de las Américas se estima que cada año más de 27,000 niños menores de 14 años son diagnosticados con cáncer y aproximadamente 10,000 fallecencomo consecuencia de este grupo de enfermedades (1). La mayoría de estos casos se producen en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), donde se registran 17,500 casos nuevos y más de 8,000 defunciones cada año. Aunque la mayoría de los cánceres en la infancia pueden ser curados si se inicia a tiempo el tratamiento adecuado, en ALC aproximadamente 1 de cada 2 niños diagnosticados con cáncer fallecerá, frente a una proporción de 1 de cada 6 en Norteamérica. Estas desigualdades se explican debido a que en los países de la región central y sur de las Américas poseen un deficiente acceso a la información, no existen programas de detección precoz y la tasa de supervivencia es aún baja. Por su parte, Colombia registró entre el 2005 y el 2008, 2,193 muertes por cáncer en menores de 15 años, un promedio de 550 muertes anuales. En niños y niñas de 10 a 14 años, el cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte, después de las muertes por causa externa. La mayoría de la mortalidad es causada por leucemias (48.6%), seguidas de los tumores del sistema nervioso central (16.0%) y linfomas no Hodgkin (7.6%) (2). Colombia reporta un porcentaje muy elevado de muertes por leucemia, si se compara con las cifras de Estados Unidos, Europa y México (32 a 35%). Este alto porcentaje podría ser reflejo de una mayor incidencia de leucemias en nuestra población infantil, pero también podría explicarse en parte por las tasas altas de abandono al tratamiento. La tasa de supervivencia a 5 años para los niños con cáncer en Estados Unidos, hace 50 años se estimaba entre el 10.0 y el 20.0%. En la actualidad un niño diagnosticado con leucemia tiene hoy cerca del 90% de probabilidad de no hacer recaídas luego de los 5 años, y la tasa total de cura alcanza el 85% aproximadamente (2). En Colombia según el Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali, la proporción de pacientes con una supervivencia mayor a 5 años ha ido aumentando. Al realizar el seguimiento a pacientes con cáncer infantil en un intervalo de 5 años, la supervivencia al final del periodo 1992 a 1996 era del 31.6% mientras que la supervivencia al final del periodo 2002 a 2006 fue del 54.9%, sin embargo al comparar con la cifra promedio (85.0%) aún nos encontramos por debajo y lejos de alcanzarla. Objetivos: Como alternativa para mejorar las tasas de sobrevida y teniendo en cuenta que Colombia posee cifras elevadas de números de casos y mortalidad a causa de leucemia, el país fue escogido como piloto para las acciones del Proyecto Regional para el Diagnóstico Temprano del Cáncer en la Niñez en América Latina y el Caribe, el cual pretende construir acciones desde la base de la APS dentro de los países y contribuir al control del cáncer en la región mediante: a) El desarrollo, la validación y la implementación de una metodología para el entrenamiento de profesionales de la atención primaria para la detección del cáncer en la niñez, en el contexto de la estrategia AIEPI para la atención integral de las enfermedades prevalentes en la infancia. b) El trabajo con los ministerios de salud de los países de la región para fortalecer los mecanismos de referencia y contrarreferencia, así como la capacidad del sistema de salud pública para la provisión de servicios de diagnóstico, tratamiento y cuidados paliativos para los niños con cáncer. c) El trabajo con organizaciones no gubernamentales locales para promover la educación y el apoyo a los niños que viven con cáncer y sus familias. Síntesis del contenido: En contextos con recursos limitados como en el caso de la mayoría de los países de ALC, la detección del cáncer pediátrico suele ser tardía y el tratamiento necesario no está disponible o no es asequible para la mayoría de los pacientes. Aunque los signos y los síntomas dependen del tipo de cáncer y de su localización, al menos un 85.0% de los cánceres infantiles se asocian con los signos de alarma comunes con otras enfermedades que se presentan dentro de esta etapa de la vida. Este hecho está asociado con el bajo número de casos nuevos que se reportan, la dificultad para el reconocimiento de signos y síntomas y el nulo diagnóstico que se hace dentro de los primeros niveles de atención. Como en todos los cánceres, el diagnóstico temprano y la eficacia y eficiencia en la referencia reducen la mortalidad temprana que se presenta en los niños con cáncer. El cáncer infantil en general se manifiesta con unos signos y síntomas comunes con procesos patológicos frecuentes en la infancia, sin embargo el objetivo es reconocer cuándo esta sintomatología presenta una alerta ante la posibilidad de cáncer y que requiere estudio urgente. Para ello se necesita una buena historia clínica, una exploración física completa, escuchar a los padres y sentido común, procesos que pueden ser fácilmente identificados y realizados por profesionales de atención primaria adecuadamente entrenados (3). La Declaración Mundial sobre el Cáncer (4) establece en su objetivo 6 que para el 2025 se hayan implementado universalmente los programas de detección precoz en la población, y hayan mejorado los niveles de conocimiento público y de los profesionales relacionados con los signos y síntomas importantes de esta enfermedad, y en el objetivo 9 que se hayan mejorado considerablemente las oportunidades de formación y de educación innovadoras dirigidas a los profesionales de la salud en todas las disciplinas relacionadas con el control del cáncer, especialmente en países de rentas bajas y medias como lo es Colombia. Para cumplir con estos objetivos es necesario poner en lenguaje cotidiano el tema del cáncer infantil dentro de las comunidades, integrar los servicios de detección precoz en los sistemas de salud e invertir en profesionales cualificados para que sean capaces de realizar una detección precoz. A pesar de que se desconocen los primeros signos y síntomas de muchos tipos de cáncer, las ventajas de aplicar enfoques sistemáticos para la detección precoz y para la atención médica es que en varios de ellos existen parámetros establecidos y comprobados de alta sensibilidad (1-4). Aun con esta ventaja clínica, el valor de la detección precoz y la importancia de acudir al médico cuando se presentan los síntomas no se comprende bien en muchas poblaciones, especialmente en entornos de bajos recursos e incluso entre los profesionales de la salud. La falta de información y sensibilización en materia de cáncer es un obstáculo primordial para el control y el cuidado efectivo de estas patologías en los países de rentas medias y bajas, especialmente para la detección del cáncer en etapas iniciales y más tratables (5). Las estrategias integradas que elevan la sensibilización sobre el cáncer y la importancia de buscar atención médica cuando aparecen síntomas, junto con las intervenciones prácticas y probadas para un diagnóstico precoz, ofrecen más posibilidades de mejorar los pronósticos. En muchos países de rentas medias y bajas la carencia crítica de profesionales formados capaces de diagnosticar y tratar el cáncer es uno de los principales obstáculos para conseguir estrategias de detección precoz efectivas y de calidad. En este sentido, la Declaración para el control del Cáncer insta a que los programas integrales de detección precoz deberán incluir estrategias para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el cáncer entre las comunidades, los profesionales de la salud y los responsables de elaborar políticas; también deberán servir para aumentar la sensibilización en torno a las opciones de detección precoz de algunos casos de cáncer, independientemente del tipo de recursos (6). Conclusiones: Al implementar un programa de detección precoz de cáncer infantil como una estrategia de APS, se busca como resultado el fortalecimiento de la capacidad del país para el control del cáncer pediátrico, la generación de capacidades entre los profesionales de atención primaria para la identificación de signos y síntomas sospechosos de cáncer y un mejor conocimiento del tema por parte de las familias y sus comunidades. Finalmente la implementación aspira a lograr el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer y el aumento de la supervivencia de los niños afectados por este grupo de enfermedades, reduciendo los tiempos entre los indicadores de detección, confirmación, inicio del tratamiento y fin del tratamiento. Se reconoce que la sensibilización es el primer paso hacia la detección precoz y la mejora del pronóstico del cáncer. El enfoque y el alcance de los programas de detección precoz se ajustan a los recursos, a las creencias y a las prácticas culturales y tienen la flexibilidad necesaria para que los gobiernos inicien y amplíen los servicios a medida que los niveles de recursos aumentan (7). Existe evidencia manifiesta de que los programas de detección temprana reducen en un 80% o más, las muertes por cualquier tipo de cáncer y han sido exitosas para mejorar las cifras en cánceres como el de cuello de útero. Con la inversión adecuada en la formación del personal de salud en todos los entornos, especialmente la educación del personal de salud de atención primaria y con el desarrollo de programas de educación y formación innovadores para los profesionales de la salud dedicados al cáncer que se suman a los materiales, redes de formación e infraestructuras existentes, resultan un componente clave para establecer una estrategia de detección precoz satisfactoria, eficaz y efectiva para el control del cáncer en general y sobretodo del infantil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clínica Contemporánea: Revista de Diagnóstico Psicológico, Psicoterapia y Salud is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)