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Introduction. Colombian biodiversity and traditional knowledge allow the exploration of medicinal plants with potential antimicrobial activity, which could be used to treat infections. Objectives. To determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Lantana camara L., Petiveria alliacea L. and Lippia dulcis T. on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Materials and methods. Performed the acquisition of plant material and botanical characterization, ethanolic extracts were obtained by percolation and preliminary phytochemical characterization was performed by thin layer chromatography (CCD). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and agar diffusion tests at concentrations of 1mg/mL and 2mg/mL; for active extracts, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CMB) were established. For statistical analysis, Student's t test was performed. Results and discussion. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was sensitive with Lantana camara L. and Lippia dulcis T. The latter being also active on Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380 with inhibitory effect higher than 50%. The extract of Lippia dulcis T. had the highest inhibitory activity on S. aureus (MIC: 1.95 mg/mL). No extract showed activity on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Secondary metabolites, especially terpenoids and coumarins were detected in L. dulcis. Conclusions. The study shows that natural products derived from medicinal plants such as the ethanolic extracts of Lantana camara and Lippia dulcis have antibacterial activity on S. aureus and P. vulgaris and could be a promising alternative for the treatment of bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this pedagogical experience, research is used as a pedagogical strategy, the scientific inquiry competence was developed in the students of the science club at Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria School, through the study of the medicinal plants in the urban area of Planeta Rica (Córdoba) based on the preliminary determination of secondary metabolites. To do this, fresh plant material was collected from three medicinal plants commonly known as salvia (Croton conduplicatus Kunth), altamisa (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L) and venturosa (Lantana camara L). They were pressed and sent to the Colombian national herbarium for proper identification; subsequently, fresh leaves were collected from each plant and subjected to extraction by maceration for eight days using as solvent 96% of ethanol. Each extract was concentrated by evaporation and subjected to preliminary phytochemical march, suggesting the presence of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, coumarins, flavonoids, terpenes, cardenolides, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to document new host plants and the geographical distributions of Melanagromyza floris Spencer, M. tomaterae Steyskal, M. viridis (Frost) and Ophiomyia lantanae (Froggatt). The study was carried out from August 2007 to August 2008. Puparia of these flies were collected on Tithonia sp. in Tonatico (state of Mexico); Physalis nicandroides Schltd in Atotonilco el Grande (state of Hidalgo); Tagetes erecta L. and Lantana camara L. in Huautla (state of Hidalgo) and Lantana camara L. in San Joaquin, state of Queretaro. Both flies and host plants were identified. T. erecta is a new host record for M. floris whereas P. nicandroides is a new host record for M. tomaterae. The flies M. floris and M. tomaterae are the first reports for these species in the state of Hidalgo. M. viridis is recorded from the southern part of the state of Mexico. Finally, O. lantanae is registered in two states: Hidalgo and Queretaro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insecticidal activity of ethanolic extracts of six plants: Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., Lantana camara L., Lippia alba (Mill) N.E.Br., Citrus paradisi Macfad., and Citrus grandis L. were tested in the laboratory for the control of Aphis gossypii Glover. The extracts were obtained by maceration with 96 % ethanol of pulverized dried leaves of each plant species and concentrated by rotoevaporation. Concentration of 1000, 750, 500 and 250 ppm of each plant extract were arranged in a factorial design with seven treatments (six extracts and a control) replicated four times. Well developed cotton leaves were dipped into each concentration and placed in Petri dishes. Thirty adult aphis per leaf were used for each treatment. Mortality was evaluated visually at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Mortality was 100 % for Cymbopogon, 98.1 % for Azadirachta, 98 % for Lippia, 97 % for Lantana, 95.5 % for Citrus paradise, and 94.6 for Citrus grandis. All the extracts at each of the concentrations applied showed high insecticide activity on Aphis gossypii at the times evaluated, suggesting their potential as alternatives for management of this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this work was to determine the insecticidal activity of ethanolic extracts from neem (Azadirachta indica L.), vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus L.), rue (Ruta graveolens L.), trinitaria (Bougainvillea glabra Choisy), cariaquito (Lantana camara L.), and yuquilla (Ruellia tuberosa L.) against adults of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) under laboratory conditions. A completely randomized design was used, with 7 treatments (6 extracts and the control) at concentrations of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm for each extract. Rue and neem extracts caused a mortality of 99,1 and 95,6% at 72 hours, respectively, statistically different to treatments with yuquilla, trinitaria, and vinca. The cariaquito extract showed a mortality of 78,1%. Because of their efficacy at the laboratory, the neem and ruda extracts are recommended as candidates for offering the farmers other alternatives for the integrated pest management of whitefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out to identify species of weeds associated with Thrips palmi Karny, in the watermelon crops growing in the region of Azuero, Panama. The weed species found to be associated with thrips were Baltimora recta L. (Asteraceae), Bidens pilosa L., Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC, Amaranthus viridis L. (Amaranthaceae), Amaranthus spinosus L., and Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). The cultivars Capsicum frutesnces L., Capsicum annuum L., and Solanum melongena L. growing in the ruderal vegetation adjacent to watermelon crops were also found associated with thrips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted at the Livestock Production Enterprise Bacuranao, of the Habana del Este municipality (La Habana province, Cuba), in order to establish a strategy for the prevention and control of natural intoxications by photosensitizing plants in cattle. For such purpose, a presumptive diagnosis on photosensitization was carried out, through the floristic inventory of the plants present in grazing and with the use of the clinical method. Diverse plants which cause hepatogenous photosensitization in the animals were identified, with Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Lantana camara L., Crotalaria retusa L. Crotalaria incana L. and Crotalaria spectabilis Roth standing out. The density of cattle per quadrant, the areas with higher incidence of this type of plants and the animals with dermatitis were determined through the Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVE), by quadrants and grids. In the evaluation of the relative risk (RR) with and without the presence of the sun and with regards to the green forage intake, it was found that the animals exposed to sunlight and those that consumed forage had 1,85 and 3,17 times more incidence, respectively, of clinical signs associated to the hepatogenous photodynamic dermatitis, with higher levels for the ones that ingested the toxic plant A. houstonianum Mill along with the forage. From these results a plan of general and specific measures was elaborated for the control of toxicosis in the areas contaminated with these plants. It is concluded that the use of SIVE, the botanical census, the support treatments to animals with severe symptoms and the management and feeding measures can improve the efficacy in the control of toxicosis and, in turn, the protection of the animals at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Plants of the Verbenaceae family, like L. camara, have called the attention of researchers, not only because of its high diversity and its distribution around the world, but also for its variable use as popular medicine to treat diseases like tetanus, rheumatism and malaria, and as bactericide and insecticide. To assess this, the morphology and ontogeny of the inflorescences of Lantana camara and the chemical composition of volatile secondary metabolites were analyzed at three different ontogeny stages. Plants were collected from the experimental crop area in CENIVAM, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Fresh inflorescence stages were established and analyzed using a stereoscopic microscope, fixed in FAA and included in parafine. Transversal and longitudinal 10µm thick sections were prepared using a rotative microtome, safranine-fastgreen stained and were observed and photographed using a light microscope. The chemical composition of volatile secondary metabolites were analyzed for each stage. The analytes, obtained from 0.7g of plant, were isolated by solid phase micro-extraction in the headspace mode (HS-SPME) and were placed in 20ml vials. The components were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Stage I was microscopically characterized by an immature development in which the meristematic differentiation begins with a mass of cells. In Stage II, the morphogenetic movement gives way to the formation of the respective floral sexual structures, calyx and corolla. In Stage III, the different organs are conspicuous: four stamens epipetals and didynamous, monocarpelar, biloculate and globose gynoecium, upper ovary and lateral stigma; the flowers are hermaphroditic. The main secondary metabolites detected by GC-MS were bicyclosesquiphellandrene, E-β-farnesene, E-β-caryophyllene, Υ-muurolene + Υ-curcumene and α-zingiberene. Nevertheless, this study reports for the first time in plant species α-gurjunene, Υ-amorphene, α-muurolene, sesquithujene, α-trans-bergamotene and transcadina- 1,4-diene. The diversity of compounds found can be only explained by the extraction methods employed, the developmental stages and section of the plant, the geographic conditions, collection time and the genetic constitution of the evaluated species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 473-486. Epub 2011 March 01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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