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This study addresses urban vulnerability in the Barcelona metropolitan area. The first stage involved constructing an urban vulnerability index of metropolitan neighbourhoods to establish a hierarchical structure and carry out a longitudinal analysis for the period 2001-2011, identifying change and persistence within the index hierarchy. The second stage entailed conducting an explanatory analysis of the permanence of, and transition to, extreme vulnerability, focusing on the role of institutional thickness. A methodology new to urban studies was used that was based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The results showed persistent extreme vulnerability in the area and provided evidence that institutional thickness plays a complex and limited role in this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strength of a tie is feature commonly studied in the analysis of personal networks. It is data apparently simple to create, that offers a great predictive potential on the exchanges that take place within a relationship, and of its position within the network. However, the wide diversity of indicators that can be found in the literature show evidence of the vagueness in the definition of the concept and the subsequent difficulty to operationalize it, returning mixed results in empirical observation. With this theoretical, methodological and empirical revision, the authors aim to contribute to the definition of the concept. A theoretical dimensionalization of the concept is proposed, distinguishing the expressive, social and structural aspects of the notion. A comparison of various indicators of the different dimensions is offered, using a sample of 441 personal networks and 13,230 relationships, from a survey conducted in Catalonia between 2009 and 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]