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There is a growing concern for having better tools to address corruption, so much so that since the 1990s various international instruments have been issued, urging States to strengthen their legislation. Although this phenomenon has traditionally been associated with the public sphere, the need to criminalize corrupt acts that take place in the private sphere is no longer questioned. Proof of this is the growing criminalization of corruption between private individuals. In this regard, one of the traditional expenses incurred by private companies is related to hospitality, such as gifts and travel aimed at promoting products or for the training of their employees and customers. However, the line that separates these expenses from improper practices that affect fair competition can be quite blurred since they could be used for bribery. Given the above, it is essential to have guiding criteria that allow one to act with clarity to prevent corrupt conduct. To this end, this paper examines the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Bribery Act, since their regulations, as well as the recommendations issued by public agencies, both in the United States and the United Kingdom, provide important guiding principles that allow private companies to specify their compliance programs to have measures and procedures in place to prevent their hospitality expenses from being classified as corrupt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, research on the causes of homicides has been inconclusive, limited to specific regions or countries, and focused on a narrow range of variables. In order to expand the current literature, our objective is to identify variables that may have a significant impact on homicide rates at the regional and global levels. To achieve that goal, we utilise a panel regression model, to evaluate the effect of seven independent variables on homicide rates across four different regions in the period between 2012 and 2021. The study focuses on government effectiveness and corruption, alongside commonly used variables as inequality, unemployment, educational attainment, poverty, and urban population. Results show that the education level of a country is a significant factor that relates to global homicide rates, along with government effectiveness -a finding that holds particularly true for the Americas region- . In contrast, corruption, poverty, and unemployment have little overall impact globally and in most regions. This implies that enhancing education and institutional effectiveness may have a significant impact on reducing homicide rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Latin American countries have improved their positions in international prosperity rankings. However, the region faces challenges in its institutional designs, understood as the rules of the game: the high incidence of corruption and the existence of organized crime networks can threaten the prosperity of the countries in the region. This paper uses the Legatum Institute's Prosperity Index to develop a model of the performance of Latin American economies in terms of the inclusive society and open economy dimensions of said index. In addition, it simulates scenarios of state intervention in pillars such as security and governability. To do so, it uses system dynamics. The results reveal that prosperity is positively associated with institutional stability and that the implementation of state efficiency and security policies positively impacts the performance of economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the relationship between the transparency of defense sector companies and the results obtained by defense sectors in various countries. To do so, the Defense Companies Index (DCI) and the Defense Sector Transparency Index (GDI), developed by Transparency International in 2020, are used. Through a quantitative methodology, which jointly analyses these indices, the aim is to understand both the contribution of private companies to the defense sector's transparency and the impact that the transparency of the defense sector has on companies in the industry. The results show a clear positive association in the case of public companies. In contrast, the association is not so evident in private companies, leading to the identification of four categories that reflect positive, neutral, or negative links between these companies and transparency in the defense sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new criminological reality that threatens and damages the legal object in the crime of illegal appointment justifies assessing the efficiency of the rule that punishes illegal appointments. Therefore, an analysis of the crime of illegal appointment will be made. Then, a rethinking of the legal good protected in this rule will be presented, followed by a reflection on some circumstances that corrupt being unprotected should be protected in Spanish society. Finally, conclusions will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption in the education sector encompasses a variety of practices that undermine both the quality and equity of education globally. The purpose of this study was to examine corruption in the education sector and propose integrated strategies to improve the quality of education and prevent corrupt practices. Documentary information collected from reports from international organizations, ministries, universities and college departments was used. Quantitative and qualitative results were obtained with the interpretation approach, which allows us to understand the current situation of corruption and identify the most common types of crimes at the primary, secondary and higher education levels. Strategies were formulated to reduce corruption, close coverage gaps, reduce inequalities in the quality of education and improve access to education. It is concluded that educational corruption in Latin America is an obstacle to the development and quality of education and negatively affects education and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a reflection on the compliance programs in Colombia. This is a modern tool adopted in order to associate companies with the effort to protect issues considered valuable to the legal system. The institution has been partially and recently integrated into the Colombian legal system as part of a new legal discipline: compliance. This is a global regulatory trend that has developed in response to serious scandals involving large international companies. In this article, transparency and business ethics programs are analyzed based on Colombian regulations, which expressly propose to integrate international standards on the matter. A descriptive and analytical methodology of the national regulations on the subject is followed, which is complemented with a comparative analysis that takes into account the international origin of the institution. The first part of the text analyzes the positive aspects of the institution. These are associated with the diffusion of a new conception of corporate responsibility that allows for the imposition of obligations related to the protection of the general interest. In the second part, the shadows are analyzed, there a critical vision is raised on the way in which the institution has been integrated into the Colombian legal system. It is concluded that the figure can have positive effects, but the timid and incomplete adoption prevents it from generating all the beneficial effects that can be derived from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the process of electoral alternation in the state of Veracruz (Mexico), after 84 years of uninterrupted rule by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), in the context of the irruption of organized crime, human rights violations and corruption scandals in government institutions that shook the state between 2007 and 2016. For this purpose, the theoretical-methodological perspective of the history of the present time is adopted, based on the study of newspaper and bibliographic sources, in order to establish the differences between what happened at the national and subnational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talking about organized crime implies acknowledging the dramatic and violent changes that Mexico has experienced in the last 35 years. Faced with this problem, how is it that criminal organizations, especially the Sinaloa Cartel, can operate under the framework of illegality? It is proposed that their activity is carried out because they have protection networks with governments, specifically in the six-year term of Felipe Calderón. The objective is to show that this Cartel does not co-opt all the institutions of the government framework, it only relates to those punitive nodes that allow it to continue operating its criminal action. All this is verified under the methodology of network analysis based on the measurement of degree centrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analecta Política is the property of Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politai. Revista de Ciencia Política is the property of Asociacion Civil Politai and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politai. Revista de Ciencia Política is the property of Asociacion Civil Politai and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politai. Revista de Ciencia Política is the property of Asociacion Civil Politai and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Revista de Derecho is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To establish the unfortunate influences of a violent, macho and corrupt environment on the patient (J), approximately forty years old, who, together with her family, was subjected to threats and persecution which forced them to move. Methodology: Psychoanalytic treatment of one year in psychoanalysis, four sessions a week and with the need to move since she worked in her city and had to travel every week to attend the sessions. Psychoanalysis focused on the countertransferential difficulties experienced. Results and Conclusions: Through the psychoanalytic work, after six months the emotional state and nightmares improved and the beginning of reparative functioning was detected in the oneiric material. Some conclusions were reached about aspects that influence violence in Colombia: machismo, fanaticism and corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correspondence of the Count of Gondomar represents a collection with multiple possibilities of study for new perspectives on corruption and its connections with perceptions of failure. Based on the richness of this epistolary corpus, the article analyses the impact that corruption, or the mechanisms against it, had on the failure of the trajectories of agents and vassals of the Iberian Monarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relationship between fiscal decentralization and the extraction of income by private agents is a constant element in the debates on territorial institutional design. Theoretical literature makes ambiguous predictions about this relationship, and it has been little studied empirically. An econometric model is estimated for a panel of data from 73 developing countries for the years 1996-2019. In general, the evidence found regarding the role of spending decentralization in a lower perception of corruption is consistent. However, a decentralization of income is related to greater corruption. In this way, possible accountability systems appear independent of the generation of own resources and transfer systems are highlighted in the control of public spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Medicina y Cine / Journal of Medicine & Movies is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study explores how pedagogical reflection on ethics influences dishonest behavior in academia. A quasi-experiment is carried out with 109 industrial engineering students in Colombia, focusing on the phenomenon of corruption in Latin America. The results show an initial positive effect on the recognition and reduction of academic plagiarism, which decreases over time. The study supports the theory of planned behavior by finding that deep deliberation can shape behaviors. In addition, it incorporates the acceptance of guilt as part of the necessary reflection. The study highlights the need to teach ethics in a contextualized manner and through inductive pedagogical mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an analysis of the legal impact of political and journalistic discourse on corruption in contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main novelties in the parliamentary debate of the Charities Act during the Liberal Triennium consisted in denouncing the irregularities committed in such establishments. The main goal of this work is to analyse those denounces according to a triple differentiation: those regarding an irregular management of the economic resources; those concerning the council management; and those relating to ill-treatment in the charity houses. The parliamentary debates of the Liberal Triennium in the Charity Law constitute the main source of the study. Methodologically, the analysis of the interventions of the deputies who participated in the elaboration of said regulations is addressed. Being assumed as natural, such irregularities had never been denounced before by the Members of Parliament, which evidences a substantial change in the will of controlling the economic management of such establishments, as well as the caretakers' behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general objective of the research is to determine the effects of the consolidation of corruption in municipal public policies in Mexico. This is done based on the Corruption Consolidation Framework (ccf) analytical framework (Meza and Pérez-Chiqués, 2020), which defines three dimensions: 1) administrative structure, 2) transparency, 3) checks and balances. The research observes 255 municipalities based on a quantitative methodological design that points out the comparative observation in dissimilar municipal realities. For this, a database is created whose information is obtained from various sources, such as surveys, institutional repositories and administrative censuses, allowing the development of various indices and objective measures of the municipal reality. With this, a robust analysis is obtained that allows us to conclude with the various effects of the consolidation of corruption on the quality of public policies that characterize the types of subnational political systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We still know little about the psycho-organizational antecedents related to the prevention of acts of corruption in government. This empirical study examines the distinctive impact of two emotions with negative valence, fear and anger, as catalysts or inhibitors of whistleblowing among public employees. Through an experimental study with local government officials in Mexico, we show that people who experience anger are significantly more likely to report acts of corruption, especially when exposed to high-intensity stimuli. On the other hand, intense fear can powerfully inhibit whistleblowing. These findings provide relevant evidence of the impact of emotional cues on whistleblowing in the context of a government organization. Based on these results, we suggest that emotion management could be an effective tool to improve integrity levels in public bureaucracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reviews the Grease the Wheels (GTW) and Sand the Wheels (STW) hypotheses and the effects of corruption on innovation and economic growth. The study used principal component analysis methodologies and structural equation modeling. Employing the former, it is concluded that both hypotheses could be fulfilled, but only for some of the country's federal states. Meanwhile, in the case of structural equations, it is concluded that corruption facilitates innovative activity and economic growth (GTW). This has implications since it is shown that higher budgets for science and technology do not necessarily lead to better results in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public markets in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, on the one hand, are multicultural spaces, loaded with histories, migration, conflicts, resistance and defense of livelihoods, but they are also spaces conducive to misuse and management power. The objective of this paper is to make visible from within, through the narration of the merchants, the practices of the power of certain leaders. The markets will continue, the leaders fall and others will emerge; the problems will drag on as long as there is no structural attention within public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the budget allocated to the General Comptroller's Office (CGR) on the incidence of corruption, using a systematic review covering the periods from 2010 to 2023. A qualitative methodology was employed, based on a systematic review of 8 academic articles and data from the World Bank, covering the years 2013 to 2022. The analysis was conducted using a timeline to track trends over time. The study found that an adequate budget for the CGR significantly enhances its ability to prevent and detect acts of corruption. Funding enables the CGR to strengthen its internal control mechanisms, conduct more effective audits, and promote citizen participation in oversight. This positive impact on the fight against corruption aligns with the conclusions of García and Pérez (2016), who highlight the importance of budget allocation for the performance of oversight entities in Latin America, using World Bank data to support their analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensayos - Revista de Economía is the property of Ensayos Revista de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Activos is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corruption affects the institutional framework of countries, leading to situations where the transparency of political representatives is called into question. Hence, a study has been conducted that links corruption to the transparency of political parties in Latin America. To do this, an active transparency index was designed and linked to each country’s corruption perception index. The results indicate that active transparency shows low levels and that there is a significant inverse relationship with the level of corruption, demonstrating that the latter limits the disclosure of information practices and creates an environment of opacity in the management of political parties in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies different criminological perspectives that help to fathom the phenomenon of transnational corruption. To this end, we will first study the characteristics of contemporary societies from different criminological viewpoints and then explain how these contribute to the study and comprehension of transnational corruption. In addition, multiple criminological perspectives will be analyzed, such as white-collar and mass media criminology, victimology, green and maldevelopment criminology, crimes of globalization and macrocriminality, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The investigation offered by these pages focuses on the correspondence produced by applicants for a contract as braceros to influence hiring. The qualitative analysis sheds light on the complex political and social controls of citizenship, but also on the opportunities linked to being a citizen in migration. On an alternative level to that of definitions, norms, and regulations, the way in which individuals appropriated the concept and the rights that accompany this category is of enormous interest for understanding the political order that prevailed during the Bracero Program. Hence, this work inclined towards the description, analysis, and understanding of narratives that interweave the notion of citizenship and patriotism by individuals in migration. The correspondence shows the dialogue of the applicants with the formal structures that were designed for the operation of the program, their negotiation with spaces of power that went beyond the binational agenda, the formation of a political culture that adopted the parameters of the nineteenth-century petition and the client relationship -already observed in the 19th century- was institutionalized for the popular classes by the politics of post-revolutionary modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tike effects of public corruption on the social, political and economic framework of a country are devastating. The Administration is characterized by its opacity and secrecy, so crimes committed within it are often able to remain hidden. For this reason, it is necessary to set up protocoles for the early detection of such offenses in order to prevent them. In this sense, Artificial Intelligence appears as an useful tool that can contribute to this objective. Thus, this research analyzes the potential that intelligent systems have in the fight against public corruption, through a bibliographic review of the analysis of those studies that have implemented such systems to fight corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cómo potenciar el crecimiento económico es una pregunta que ha dividido siempre a los investigadores, pero es de suma importancia, ya que afecta directamente la prosperidad, la calidad de vida y el bienestar humano. Se hace aquí una revisión experimental para evaluar el efecto causal del deterioro de la libertad económica en el crecimiento económico, la corrupción, la democracia, la transparencia de las leyes, la censura a los medios de comunicación y las restricciones judiciales en 19 países de América Latina durante el siglo XXI. Cada punto porcentual de reducción de libertad económica reduce la tasa de crecimiento económico entre 0,3 y 1,6 puntos porcentuales al año siguiente, mientras que las instituciones se deterioran en comparación con las de los países donde la libertad económica no se ha erosionado. Se confirma que una mayor libertad económica beneficia no solo económicamente a estos países a corto plazo, sino que también mejora otras variables regionales a largo plazo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Umbral is the property of Revista Umbral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mexican anti-corruption law has been one of the most complex, sophisticated, and robust on the globe. Distinct federal statutes and different federal institutions are responsible for overseeing and regulating public spending as well as punishing corrupt behavior on the part of public officials. Through a close analysis of what we call the anticorruption pentagon we will argue that Mexico is also an excellent example of how the design of new laws and the investment of enormous amounts of human and financial resources in new anti-corruption institutions do not necessarily improve the situation on the ground. Indeed, the Mexican case suggests that an excess institutionalization of traditional anti-corruption initiatives may in fact hurt more than help the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the neo-patrimonial conception of power as a cause of the development of criminal governance. It analyzes how patrimonialism and the culture of privilege foster the privatization of public power by officials and private actors, who assume the public as their own, and governance becomes private. This governance is then legitimized by a population that has also assumed that culture. This culture and its symptoms of state inefficiency, corruption and impunity are studied. Then, the ideal scenario for the development of these forms of governance, through which organized crime is consolidated, is analyzed. It is established that, rather than the absence of the State, what benefits organized crime is its complicity and coexistence with weak States and a legal order that guarantees minimum conditions of stability for large-scale criminal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]