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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: One of the aspects that more interest raises regarding the geographical distribution of mortality due to cancer is the formation of space conglomerates. Objective: To identify the space pattern of mortality due to cancer, ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease by means of the detection and description of space conglomerates in Santiago de Cuba province. Methods: A space exploratory ecological study of deaths due to cancer, ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease was carried out during January 1st to December 31, 2019 in Santiago de Cuba province, for which space conglomerates of high and low mortality due to the abovementioned causes were detected. The statistical space escanning method was used with the Satscan program and the independent variables were divided in demographic and clinical. Results: Of the 36 space conglomerates of mortality detected, twenty three corresponded to cancer (65.8%), seven to ischemic heart disease (18.4%) and six to ischemic cerebrovascular disease (15.8%); also, 44.7% of the total was of high risk and 55.3% of low risk. Conclusions: The space distribution pattern of mortality due to prostate, lung, breast, colon, esophagus cancer, ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease was characterized by the formation of high and low mortality space conglomerates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: there has been an increase in lung cancer mortality in the world in recent years as a consequence of the increase in the pre-valence of smoking. Objective: to propose orienting activities on lung cancer protective factors in the smoking population. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in 38 smokers belonging to a population at risk in the Municipality of Quemado de Güines out of a total of 58, which constituted the study population. Quantitative nonprobabilistic intentional sampling was used to select the sample. Results: the research revealed a predominance of the 66 to 75 years old age group (39.47%), male sex (55.26%) and workers (47.36%) and it was corroborated that 55.26% consumed more than 10 cigarettes a day and that 97.36% were uninformed about the elements that reduce the risk or prevent this disease from causing harm. Conclusions: the smoking population was oriented to minimize or eliminate the habit after the prevailing misinformation about lung cancer, the protective factors of the disease in the sample studied and the actions to be taken to prevent it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents three oral communications related to hospital nutrition. The first communication deals with the correlation between interstitial glucose measurement and plasma glucose after the intake of a specific formula for diabetes. The second communication focuses on the impact of nutritional supplementation with bioactive compounds in cancer patients. The third communication analyzes phase angle as a risk factor for mortality in patients with hematological cancer. Another study evaluated nutritional ultrasound in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy, finding that morphofunctional evaluation through nutritional ultrasound can be useful in predicting mortality and complications in these patients. Finally, the importance of morphofunctional evaluation in malnourished patients is mentioned, and different tests used in this evaluation are presented. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: the nutritional intervention has become a critical point to achieve the reduction of perioperative morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. There are different factors that will play a fundamental role in the evolution and prognosis of this pathology, being the state of nutrition and diet a cornerstone in these aspects. Objective: to evaluate the perioperative effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) and calcium caseinate (CaCNT) in cancer patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods: randomized controlled clinical trial with three groups: the control group (n = 15), consisting in conventional management by the oncology surgery services, and two intervention groups, one with calcium caseinate supplementation (n = 15) and another one with whey protein isolate supplementation (n = 15) for six weeks perioperatively. Handgrip strength, six-minute walk, and body composition were assessed pre and postoperatively. Results: those who were supplemented with WPI maintained their handgrip strength and showed less extracellular water (p < 0.02); also an increase in visceral mass was shown (p < 0.02). Finally, a correlation was found with variables associated with body composition and patient evolution when compared to the control group. Conclusions: nutritional supplementation needs to be approached from the functional and metabolic point of view to identify factors that have a favorable impact, as well as the distinction between carcinoma and the type of supplementation to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first article presents a study on the beneficial effect of a Thymus serpyllum extract in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. The extract reduced weight gain, fat deposits, and liver inflammation, as well as improving intestinal permeability. The second article examines the relationship between low physical performance before surgery and postoperative complications and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. It was found that low physical performance was associated with a higher risk of complications and mortality. The third article compares the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and malnutrition in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the first three waves of the pandemic. Three studies related to nutrition in patients with different diseases are also presented. The first study evaluates oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with COVID-19 at the Mataró Hospital. The second study analyzes the relationship between sarcopenia and phase angle in patients with digestive oncological pathology. The third study seeks to establish malnutrition cutoff points using different tools in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy treatment. The first article concludes that bioimpedance with phase angle, nutritional ultrasound, and dynamometry are effective in detecting malnutrition in patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. The second article highlights the increase in the need for and reporting of home parenteral nutrition (HPN), with metabolic and catheter-related complications. The importance of a detailed description of episodes and complications in this type of treatment is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

Objective. Cancer mortality in the central region of Argentina is among the highest in the country. Two possible environmental factors could explain this situation: agricultural activity and drinking water quality. The objective of the study is to evaluate the interaction between these variables. Methods. This is a retrospective ecological study. Total cropland over 10-year periods as well as the percentage of the population exposed to high levels of arsenic and nitrates in drinking water were analyzed and compared to total mortality rates (TMR) and organ-specific mortality rates (SMR); the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was then calculated. Results. Positive and significant correlations were found between the first two 10-year periods of total cropland and the first 10-year period of TMR, as well as correlations with lung, pancreatic, and colon cancers in men and colon cancer in women. Elevated arsenic levels are associated with TMR in both sexes across all 10-year periods but are specifically associated with lung cancer in men. No significant correlation was found with nitrates. Conclusions. The association between total cropland and TMR/SMR is stronger with proximity over time, with greater impact from the oldest crops. The association between TMR and consumption of water containing arsenic, as well as the association with lung SMR in men and colon SMR in women, show that exposure over time is essential to understanding regional epidemiological conditions. The synergy between these variables should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the prognosis of patients with metastatic cancer of unknown origin is precarious, only 25% of patients are alive at one year. Objective: to determine the influence of histopathological diagnosis on one-year survival in patients with cancer metastases of unknown origin. Methods: an observational cohort study was conducted with patients admitted to the "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Hospital in the period from January 2011 to December 2017. Results: 57 patients were studied, 10 were alive and 47 died. Arterial hypertension (47.4%) and smoking (45.6%) were the most frequent personal pathologic antecedents. Asthenia, anorexia and weight loss, among others, were the clinical manifestations at admission most significantly associated with mortality. In the group of deceased patients the mean values of hemoglobin, serum albumin and triglycerides were significantly lower, while lactate dehydrogenase was higher. Patients with unknown primary tumor did not survive to one year and approximately 20% survive to six months, those with a diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma approximately 10% survived to 11 months and patients with lung primary survived approximately 10% to one year. Having unknown primary tumor increased the risk of dying approximately 3.6-fold, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 2.0-fold and primary lung tumor 1.9-fold. Conclusions: histopathological diagnosis of primary tumor, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and primary lung tumor influence mortality in patients with metastases of cancer of unknown origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Impact of adipose tissue on the development and progression of breast cancer: a crucial perspective" highlights the importance of adipose tissue in the development and progression of breast cancer. It is recognized that adipose tissue is not only an energy depot, but also a dynamic endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression, especially in relation to obesity and visceral fat. Obesity increases the risk of recurrence and mortality in breast cancer patients, and adipose tissue alters the effectiveness of treatments. Therefore, it is important to develop therapeutic strategies that consider the role of adipose tissue to improve outcomes for breast cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this study is to describe the relative caregiver's experience when facing the death of a child with cancer. With this purpose, the Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method was used in a qualitative study including 18 participants meeting the inclusion criteria of being parent to a child with cancer who died in a period from 5 months to 5 years. In-depth interviews were performed until reaching theoretical saturation. As a result, 6 topics describing the caregivers experience were found: idealization of the sick child, perpetual battle, unbreakable bond, loss of sense, get up and move on, and spiritual struggle; representing the perception and experience of caregivers in mourning. It was concluded that expressions of pain, uncertainty and emptiness are feelings and sensations described by the caregivers, which are part of the mourning process, but also describe their movement to acceptance and transcendence, where they give importance to the spiritual being of the child as the way to believe cheats still next to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To update information on the mortality trend due to lung cancer in Mexico from 1990 to 2016. Materials and methods. Age-adjusted rates were obtained using the direct method. The percentage of annual change in the mortality of lung cancer was obtained through joinpoint analysis at the national level, by region, sex and rural-urban stratum, and in the last two the age-cohort-period effect. Results. There was an annual decrease in mortality rates due to this neoplasm in the last 10 years, significantly higher in men (-3.5% CI95% -4.0,-2.9) than in women (-1.9% CI95% -2.1,-1.7), and a generational gap between men and women and urban-rural stratum with a decreasing trend in the risk of death. Conclusion. Mortality trends due to lung cancer from 1993 to 2016 show a decrease in different magnitudes and specific periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: For most people speaking of cancer means mortality, entering a world of bloody procedures that affect both the patient and his family environment, which leads to changes in emotional distress; mainly depression. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study of patients hospitalized at the Clinical Oncology Service of the Hospital "Gral. Solón Espinosa Ayala" SOLCA-QUITO, both oncological and palliative patients during the months of March to July of 2018, in whom the PHQ-9 questionnaires was evaluated. Results: It is striking that 10% of the individuals surveyed did not present depression while the rest had some degree of depression. Discussion: The oncologic patient requires an integrated management team both oncological and to cope with his emotional problems caused by this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 1.8 million people in the world were diagnosed with lung cancer in 2012, which accounted for 13% of new cases of cancer. With a mortality rate close to 90%, it represented the main cause of death attributable to cancer in men and the second in women[1]. The incidence of lung cancer has begun to decline in developed countries, probably as a result of declining tobacco use and is reaching the plateau in women (USA and most European countries), who have rates of mortality rates almost equal to that of men[2]. According to the National Cancer Registry of Panama in 2011, lung cancer is the fifth leading cause of incidence (277 cases - 7.44 cases x 100 000 inhabitants), the third in Mortality (264 deaths - 7.09 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and has a male-female ratio of 2: 1 (183/94)[3]. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of lung cancers, while the frequency of small cell cancer has been declining over the past two decades. Smoking is responsible for 80% of cases of lung cancer. However, there are a number of known risk factors (Asbestos, arsenic, radon... etc.) that contribute to the increase of lung cancer in non-smokers[4]. The prevalence of lung cancer in nonsmoking women is estimated at 19% compared to 9% of men in the United States, and this difference is more marked in younger patients, suggesting gender-specific differences in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer[5]. Improving the survival of these patients is one of the major challenges of modern oncology, considering that 5-year survival remains below 15% (adding patients at all stages)[1]. Because of the above, reducing exposure to known risk factors and detecting disease at earlier stages would give us a better chance of impacting the overall survival of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Characterize the trends in mortality from cancer in Chile according to differences in educational level in the period 2000-2010 in the population over 20 years of age. Methods. Calculation of specific mortality from cancer, age-adjusted for different educational levels, for the period 2000-2010. The obtained rates were analyzed using a Poisson regression model, calculating the relative inequality index and the slope index of inequality for each year. Results. 232 541 deaths from cancer were reported in the period 2000-2010. The most frequent types were breast, stomach, and gallbladder cancer in women; and stomach, prostate, and lung cancer in men. Age-standardized mortality from cancer was greater in the lower educational levels, except for breast cancer in woman and lung cancer in men. The greatest differences were found in gallbladder cancer in women and stomach cancer in men, with specific mortality rates up to 49 and 63 times higher, respectively, for low educational levels compared to higher ones. Between 2000 and 2010, the differences in mortality by educational level were smaller for all cancers combined in both genders, for breast cancer in women, and for lung and stomach in men. Conclusions. During the period studied, mortality from cancer in Chile was strongly associated with the educational level of the population. This information should be considered when designing national strategies to reduce specific mortality from cancer in the most vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will try to mention the impact of cancer on society, that assessed by the incidence and mortality rate as reported by GLOBANCAN 2012, also mention the modifiable risk factors for this disease, and its him behavior at 2020, showing global and national strategies to combat its complications, achieving an analysis of the importance of further work on this issue, emphasizing those in modifiable factors, early detection and treatment considering that despite the technological and health advances strategies remains a major health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield of colorectal cancer treatment significantly improves if a program with quality indicators is followed. These quality indicators are aimed to reduce surgical variability, improve results and reduce cost. Published experiences from developed countries demonstrate that, although quality indicators vary considerably, there is a consensus about their basal implementation. In the United States, a panel sponsored by the National Cancer Institute validated 92 indicators grouped in six domains that comprise all aspects of colorectal cancer patient management. The Mount Sinai Hospital of Ontario uses 15 such indicators and European hospitals use 50 indicators about diagnosis, treatment and follow up. The mortality rates for colorectal cancer are increasing in Chile, therefore the global results of its management should be assessed prospectively. We propose a quality indicator model that could be applied locally as a basis for a broader discussion about a model consented by all centers managing colorectal cancer, aiming to improve the efficiency in its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death due to in the United States. In Mexico it is fifth in incidence of malignant neoplasms in men and seventh in women. Objective. Evaluate the effectiveness of evaluating the pancreatic phase by tomography with contrast medium, in identification of pancreatic neoplasms. Material and methods. A descriptive, observational study of a diagnostic test. We studied patients with diagnosis confirmed by pathology of pancreatic cancer and performed computed tomography with intravenous contrast on them between January 2006 and September 2012. We evaluated the behavior of the lesion with the intravenous contrast medium in pancreatic phase. Results. Sixteen patients were studied; we analyzed sensitivity and specificity of evaluation of the pancreatic phase in identification of neoplasms (93 and 0%, respectively) compared with histopathological diagnosis. Discussion. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast medium, with the proper injection time, is a fundamental tool in identification of pancreatic neoplasms. It improves the quality of treatment by revealing the extent of involvement and offering a real prognosis of the status of the disease. Conclusions. Computed tomography with use of intravenous contrast, carefully timed, maximizes the difference in attenuation between a probable neoplastic lesion and normal pancreatic parenchyma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Breast cancer is an important cause of death among female cancer in Chile. It metastasizes to any part of the body, being bone the first area of dissemination in 26-50% of cases and being found in 75% of patients dead from this cause. A median survival of 18 to 24 months is reported, and a probability of surviving 5 years of 20%. Therefore the objective of this study is to determine the difference of median survival depending on the presence of bone metastasis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 822 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2003 and 2010. The exposed cohort had scintigraphicly diagnosed bone metastasis, and the control group had no bone metastasis. Results: 8.88% of 822 patients, had bone metastasis. Those with bone metastasis had a mortality of 74%, and in the group with no bone metastasis, 16.69% died (p < 0.01). The median survival of patients with no metastasis was 44.3 months (IQR 35-83), and with metastasis was of 35 (IQR 18.6-46.1) (p < 0.01). With bone metastasis, over 48 months survival was 30.6%; and over 84 months 14.8%. Without bone metastasis, above 84 months, 78.51% survived (p < 0.01). Discussion and Conclusions: The difference between the two groups, considering global survival, is significant and implies an important decrease in survival and quality of life; the result obtained also differs from those reported in literature and it makes us reflect on the importance to consider bone metastasis not as a terminal event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The breast cancer is a public health problem worldwide; that is why to know the incidence and mortality rates in our region is a priority to an overall assessment of the health and disease secondary status to this tumor lesion. Objective: to describe the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in women from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga (MAB) during the first five years of operation of the Cancer Population Registry at MAB (MAB-RPC). Methodology: The cases of invasive breast cancer, primary in women, diagnosed during the period 2001-2005 were selected based on RPC-AMB. The population and mortality data were obtained from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (NADS), Secretary of Health and National Registry of the Nation. Similarly, Total and specific crude incidence rates (TC) and mortality (TMC) by age and incidence rates (TEE) and mortality (TMEE) for the corresponding five standardized by the direct method were estimated. Results: 999 cases of invasive breast cancer were identified. Eleven patients were excluded from analysis after completing the second process. The overall TC was 37.8/100.000 women and the overall TEE was 38.9/100, 000 women. The overall TMC rate was 17.3/100.000 women and the TMEE was 17.5/100, 000 women. The cumulative mortality rate of 5 years due to breast cancer for the cohort was 44.4% (95% CI 41.2-47.6). The sum of follow-up time was 72520.6 months or 6043.4 years, with an interquartile range of (37.9-114.6). The incidence density rate was 4.32 deaths from invasive breast cancer every 1000 women per month of follow-up (95% CI 3.9-4.8). As the incidence density increased for patients under 44 with 4.55 (95% CI 3.61-5.73) and for women over 65 years with 6.18 (95% CI 5.06-7.55). Conclusion: This report globally determines scope of the control measures of the breast control problem in our region and also suggests some difficulties in early diagnosis and its appropriate treatment. Death rates from breast cancer at the MAB were higher in patients over 65 than patients under 44 years. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen into the determinants of mortality in these two population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth regulation by normal cycles that lead to morbidity and mortality of the individual. On a global public health is a growing demographic phenomenon. In particular breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women. This condition is staged by TNM2 classification or histological grade Bloom-Richardson. Previous studies in malignant breast tissue have correlated the expression of TNF receptor 1-á (TNFR1), the phenomenon of apoptosis and expression of TNF receptor 2-á (TNFR2) with the phenomenon of hiperproliferation. Objective. To analyze the expression of the receptors TNFR1, TNFR2, ErbB2 and IL-10 receptor, estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer tissue product made in modified radical mastectomy Specialty Clinic of Women and correlated with TNM stage and Bloom-Richardson histologic grade levels and gland tissue stroma. Material and methods. Immunohistochemistry technique was used to determine the expression of TNFR1, TNFR2, ErbB2 and IL-10 receptor, estrogen and progesterone on tissue samples from breast cancer and for the measurement of optical density unities under the Military Medical School's microscope confocal Axiocam zs -300 Carl Zeiss and correlate these measurements with TNM stage and histological grade Bloom-Richardson. Results. It was observed that the expression of TNFR1 was not associated with TNM stage or the degree of cellular differentiation of Bloom-Richardson. The expression of TNFR2 (normal transmembrane receptor localization in all cells of the hematopoietic system that infiltrate the tumors, except in erythrocytes) was associated with TNM stages in both the glandular portion of the stroma. The IL-10 receptor, showed an inverse association with stromal at TNM stage which agrees with the theoretical basis in this regard published in the literature. The ErbB2, trophic factor related to tissue growth, showed the level of the stromal matrix, an association directly proportional to TNM stage, and statistically significant differences when comparing the TNM2 and TNM4. Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, molecules of nuclear localization, showed an association directly proportional to the rate of Bloom-Richardson histological, whose approach to histopathological criteria include the assessment of nuclear pleomorphism or distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liposarcoma is the most common sarcoma of the adult life. The histologic type well-differentiated liposarcoma occur most frequently in the retroperitoneum whereas myxoid/round cell have a predilection for the extremities. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinic behaviour of patient with myxoid/round cell histologic type. The factors evaluated were: tumour site, tumour size, histology, presentation status, margin status, and treatment. Clinic case: Feminine patient of 31 years old, that to present right hemiabdominal pain and increase abdominal circumference. It realized surgery resections of lipomatous tumour abdominal of large size. Later two years, was necessary to realize a second surgery because there was local recurrence and metastasis. The patient had torpid clinic evolution and later two month died patient. Conclusions: The myxoid/round cell liposarcoma have a predilection for the extremities. In the retroperitoneum, the myxoid/round cell liposarcoma has bad prognosis. The prognosis of these tumours is closely related to local recurrence, histological type, size and radical surgery. An aggressive surgical approach is the first choice for the treatment of such tumours. Chemotherapy does not seem to have a strong influence on the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In Colombia, breast cancer in the female population presents the highest rate of incidence and the second highest in mortality of all types of cancer, with a rising trend. The Ministry of Health and Social Protection, through the National Cancer Institute (Spanish acronym INC), has considered it necessary to strengthen programs for early detection with mammograms and clinical examination in women over 50 years of age. To that end, it has initiated quality assurance programs in mammogram services nationwide. Objective. Present the results of an evaluation of the mammogram quality control program in Colombia. Materials and methods. In six Colombian cities all the mammography centers found were invited to participate in a quality control evaluation. In two years, 39 mammography centers agreed to participate voluntarily. At each center visited infrastructure; x-ray acquisition, processing, and reading systems; radiological protection; and image quality was evaluated. In addition, measurements of all physical parameters were compared with national and international standards. Results and discussion. Significant deficiencies were found in the evaluation parameters, particularly in conditions of film storage, dark room, x-ray equipment, automatic exposure control, negatoscopes, and image quality. The other physical parameters in general were within margins of tolerance. Conclusions. Application of the quality control protocol at different mammography centers helped diagnose the quality of mammograms taken in six Colombian cities. For that reason, the need to implement quality assurance programs that raise the effectiveness of screening programs with mammography has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Febrile neutropenia in cancer patients is recognized as one of the most important complications of chemotherapy in terms of morbidity and mortality, infections being the main consequence of it. Objective: To determine the association of infectious with high risk factors for severe neutropenia (CNT <1,000 cells/mm3) with fever in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: Transversal study in patients with LAL admitted with high-risk criteria of neutropenia with fever, clinical variables and risk factors were analyzed in febrile neutropenia withChi-square test. Dichotomous analysis by logistic regression odds ratios was evaluated in the program NCSS 0.7. P <0.05 values were considered significant for statistical test. The project was endorsed by the Ethics Committee of the institution in which they are performed. Results: We reviewed 84 patients of whom 44 (53%) were male. The main infectious comorbidity was related to respiratory processes and septic shock in 38%. Severe infectious comorbidity occurred in 61 (72%) subjects. Grade III Neutropenia occurred in 55 (65.50%) cases, similar than duration of neutropenia > 5 days. The logistic regression analysis showed significance for neutropenia > 5 days in cases with severe comorbidity (OR 0.14), and leukemia in relapse (RM 24.10). Conclusions: In acute lymphoblastic leukemia with severe infection and neutropenia at high risk should be assessed neutropenia judgment for better control of infectious comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this article is to reveal the meaning of the mourning period in nurses that have had to deal with the death of cancer-stricken children. The death of a cancer-stricken child affects the nursing staff deeply, bringing on feeling of powerlessness, frustration, and shame; these feelings can result in burnout. Method: Qualitative case-based research was undertaken based on Husserl, and ten cases of pediatric oncology nurses who faced the death of child patients under their care were reported. The study took place from June to November 2011 through verbatim-reported in depth interviews. Results: Undertaken using Streubert's method, this casestudy revealed three essential issues: the nurses experience the death of a child by shifting between their own approaches to loss and the professional care they provide. This path brings life teachings, given the empathy of working in cancer units and the bonds created in this environment, thus allowing the nursing staff to provide unique nursing care. Conclusion: The study concluded that by providing patients with loving care, nurses have a dynamic approach to their experience of loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cancer as a public health issue is changing and complex. It calls for a comprehensive, coherent and horizontal strategy based on previous experiences and considering the alarming increase of this condition worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative to reach and respect consensuses, to promote new technologies and study culturally sensitive strategies that adapt to the communities and involve people to actively participate. Likewise, strengthening the educational component and introducing new information and communication technologies cannot wait, while strengthening the system, from the primary health care level at the same time. Our goal should be to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality rates in the medium and long terms. This article describes some of the measures implemented for that purpose. We consider that all cancer preventive strategies should be applied in the context of transversal activities oriented to prevent other chronic diseases, with a public health view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a mortality rate that constitutes the second nationwide, the estimated incidence of cancer in Peru is 150 cases x 100 000 inhabitants. Around 75% of the cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage and mainly in Lima. In this context, the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) has promoted the decentralization of oncological care creating regional institutes of neoplastic diseases, oncological units and prevention centers. In addition, INEN has designed, developed and implemented the Budgetary Program for Cancer Prevention and Control, which, since 2011, has allowed for more than 7000 centers around the country to allocate resources to the prevention, promotion and early detection of the most frequent cancers in Peru. With the financial support of the state's health insurance system, the basic strategic central points were integrated to provide low-income cancer patients with comprehensive medical care. Through this way, and within the framework of a state policy integrated to and articulated with the health sector, the National Plan for Comprehensive Medical Care for Cancer Patients and the Improvement in the Access to Oncological Services in Peru, known as "The Hope Plan", was born. This article elaborates on the role that INEN plays in the control of cancer as a public health issue, highlighting the importance of the Strategic Budgetary Program for Cancer Prevention and Control and its role in the "The Hope Plan". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a public health problem due to its high incidence and mortality, its high social and economic cost, and the lack of intra and intersectorial strategies resulting in failure to access information and screening tests. For this reason, it is necessary to address this problem with a comprehensive and sustainable approach. After performing a diagnosis of the human and material resources at the national level, and after having observed the attitude of healthcare decisors, the Multisector Coalition against Cancer was created with the participation of the public and nonpublic sector. A strategic plan was developed, followed by a national plan for strengthening cancer prevention and control. As a result, intersectorial work and health promotion oriented to cancer prevention through information, education and communication were strengthened. Service supply was improved and optimized through decentralization of oncological care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine childhood and adolescent cancer mortality by the level of marginalization in Mexico. Materials and methods. We used 1990-2009 death certificates estimating age-standardized rates. We calculated the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) using the Joinpoint Regression program available at the National Cancer Institute to assess tendency. Results. Cancer mortality rates increased. AAPC were 0.87% male and 0.96% female children, and for adolescents were: males 1.22% and females 0.63%. The neoplasm pattern in infants was leukemia --central nervous system-- lymphomas; and in adolescents it was leukemia --bone and articulation-- lymphomas. The increase in cancer mortality corresponded to the high and highest marginated areas of each state. Conclusion. The increase in highly marginated areas may be partly explained by well-documented local registration of deaths. Further studies focusing on survival are required in order to better assess the effectiveness of cancer detection and medical treatment in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high morbidity and mortality of cancer makes this condition a serious health problem both in Cuba and other countries. Radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy based in the growing biotechnological advances, and the present knowledge of molecular and cellular biology, become highly promising tools in the fi ght against cancer. This paper presents a brief review of radiopharmaceuticals produced in Cuba from biomolecules, as well as an overview of several monoclonal antibodies and radionuclides used in clinical applications. Radioimmunodiagnosis applications are based on murine monoclonal antibodies, produced in form of lyophilized kits for 99mTc labeling. We also study the outlook for the application of radioimmunotherapy in Cuba from the international experiences, particularly in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment, considering the availability of different monoclonal antibodies already humanized, as well as 90Y, from the existing technologies in Cuban research-production centers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The Cancer of Thyroid represents more than 90% of the endocrine malignancies, the majority of the patients have a long-term survival and present a low risk of recurrence and death. The surgery more ablation with iodine and the suppression of stimulant hormone of thyroid they are established well as effective treatments, and the radiotherapy like complementary treatment has its indications. Objective. To verify the efficiency of the treatment in the patients with Cancer of Thyroid in the Central Military Hospital from January, 2005 to September, 2010. Material and methods. It is a study Observacional, Retrospective, transverse, descriptive. The clinical processes of the patients were checked by diagnosis of Cancer of Thyroid treated in the Central Hospital in the period understood between January, 2005 and September, 2010. We selected those patients that possess the pathological diagnosis and that received treatment based on surgery, surgery more ablation with iodine and TSH's suppression or surgery more radiotherapy. Results. The maximum follow-up was of 290 months (24 years), with an average of 44.51 months (almost 4 years), the average time of the recurrence - persistence was 79 months, with 24.86 % of recurrence and 9.7 % reported persistence. A statistically significant association exists between the histological type of tumor and its current condition. Nowadays 77.3 % is free of disease, 21.2 % has positive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive neoplasms; the number of cases has been increasing all over the world since 1950, reaching epidemic proportions. Methods: We searched Pubmed using the MeSH terms "melanoma (AND) trends", to analyze incidence, prevalence, surveillance, risk factors, socioeconomic status, gender, localization and age of patients with melanoma. Results and conclusions: Melanoma incidence has increased worldwide for men and women. The incidence and mortality is greater in males, who have thicker tumors when diagnosed; low socioeconomic status is also related to thicker tumors. Mortality and late stage melanomas are higher among adults over 65 years of age. In Cali, incidence and mortality are greater among older adults, principally in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. Abandonment is at the end of the spectrum of noncompliance. In children with cancer, whatever the cause that leads to treatment abandonment results in disease progression, recurrence and death. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of treatment abandonment in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affiliated with the Seguro Popular insurance program. methods. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the frequency of abandonment and a retrospective cohort study of clinical files of patients diagnosed during 2001 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009 in seven Mexican states. Results. A review of the literature shows that, among pediatric patients with ALL, treatment abandonment is seen almost only in developing countries and the documented rates may be as high as 64%, but with a diminishing tendency. The abandonment rate for children affiliated with the Seguro Popular insurance program was 13.3% during 2007 to 2009. In contrast, there was a rate of 21.4% of patients who abandoned before their implementation. The highest rates of treatment abandonment were observed during early treatment stages and were seen in hospitals from the states of Hidalgo and Puebla. Conclusions. In comparison to other countries, a lower rate of treatment abandonment has been seen in pediatric patients with ALL affiliated with the Seguro Popular insurance program. This observation would be related to the social and economic support provided by this program; however, the rate of abandonment is still high, making it necessary to introduce additional actions in order to improve this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncological diseases are a major cause of death in children, and also accounts for 2% of cancer mortality of the entire population. The manifestations of terminal illness can be physical, psychological or emotional. Probably the death of a child is the greatest grief that an individual can face. However, little is known about when and how parents acquire certain intellectual and emotional about the death of their children sick from cancer, and how this knowledge affects morbidity of such long-term parents during mourning. Studies have shown that children with oncological diseases is important to discuss your symptoms and how they feel, which somehow helps relieve their suffering. Children are unique individuals and the way they interact with the family and their environment, their behavioral development, and psychological needs are factors that must be taken into account when decisions are to be taken at the end of life. Studies continue to show that between 50 and 60% of children diagnosed with cancer die in hospital, half of them in intensive care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the behavior of lung, stomach, and prostate cancer mortality among the elderly in the city of Medellin from 2002 to 2006. Methodology: a descriptive study with a secondary information source. The study was conducted based on the analysis of 2809 records of deaths from lung, stomach, and prostate cancer in people over 65 years. The analysis was univariate and bivariate. Additionally, it was accompanied by statistical tests and had a reliability of 95 %. The average and specific mortality rates were calculated per ten thousand elderly individuals. Results: the risk of dying from lung cancer was at its highest value in 2003, with a rate of 20.27; for stomach cancer, the greatest risk was observed in 2002, with 11.88; finally, 2006 was the year with the highest risk for prostate cancer, with 9.35 per ten thousand inhabitants. For the three types of cancer, the average mortality rate over time was 37.1. Thus, cancer is the second leading cause of death after acute myocardial infarction. Discussion: lung, stomach, and prostate cancer pose a risk to the elderly. Moreover, the risk increases as the individuals age. This study contributes to the state of the art of the research on causes of death among the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the mortality age-standardized rates (ASR) for breast and cervical cancer from 2000-2007 and explore social indicators that explain the variability of rates in Antioquia. Material and Methods. The ASR was estimated by the direct method and linear regression was used to relate social indicators with rates by subregion. Results. Breast and cervical cancer mortality ASRs in Antioquia were 11.3 and 9.1 per 100 000 woman-years respectively. In Medellin, the breast cancer mortality ASR was 12.5, 1.8 times the rate of cervical cancer. A decrease of cervical cancer ASR between 2000 and 2007 was observed in Medellin (p-value=0.03) but not in the rest of Antioquia. Cervical cancer mortality ASR was related to the percentage of poverty (p-value=0.0003). Conclusions. Mortality due to these neoplasms has remained constant in Antioquia. The wide variation in mortality from cervical cancer between regions seems to be associated with poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is an important health problem particularly in developed countries. The psychological distress associated with such health condition is an important aspect of the problem, and studies show that women suffering from this type of cancer require specialized psychological care. An ongoing 12-year Australian experience with a supportive-expressive therapy group is presented and discussed, including the use of a mixed modality of participation, both presential and via teleconference, to overcome Queensland's geographical distances and allow different women to benefit from this service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cancer (Ca) is the leading cause of death worldwide, oral cancer being the sixth most common cancer in Mexico, oral cavity cancer (OCC) is ranked 22. The treatment of these tumors is surgical with radiotherapy (RT) with chemotherapy (CT) or a combination thereof, thus presenting a number of complications published worldwide. Objective. One complication is reported trismus, which develops impossible mouth opening, causing limitations for food, the articulation of words and oral hygiene among others, therefore it is necessary to know how often it occurs in our population of persons entitled to detect and provide timely treatment for this condition. Material and methods. Patients were selected during the period from July to October 2010 with histologically diagnosed BCC that they would initiate treatment of RT, recorded in millimeters the maximum mouth opening before treatment, with reference to the incisal edges of teeth 41 and 11 bodies, 31 and 21, respectively, then a single measurement was made at each reporting date to the second, fourth, sixth and eighth weeks after RT. Results. This study was conducted with eight patients. Criterion was considered for trismus ≤35 mm, the statistical method of analysis of variance for repeated measures was reported that no statistically significant trismus, but showed that RT affects the muscles of mastication developed decreased mouth opening statistically significant with hypothesis testing [F (1.7) = 592.4, p < 0.001]. It was also found that the most common type is squamous cell carcinoma BCC, presented in this study only in the masculine gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico it is the third cause of death, only after cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It represents an important economic problem due to the high cost of health services, and its social impact is great, since it affects both the quality of life of patients and their relatives. The importance of these problems demands the participation of international cooperative groups focused on the development of projects that enhance both biomedical research and translational medicine. The obtaining, collecting, processing, storing, and use of tumor biological samples, including the patient's clinical record, lead to the creation of tumor banks to support basic oncologic research. The creation of one or more of these banks, at national and regional level, just like the ones already functioning in other countries, is a need in Mexico. The National Cancer Institute has recently initiated such task in Mexico. An overview of tumor bank organizations in several countries is herein described as example of cooperative research in oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer has become an important health risk for women worldwide. The important growth of breast cancer-related deaths within those caused by malign tumors throughout the globe went past the 460 000 in 2008, becoming the deadliest disease worldwide. Demographic changes and lifestyles have modified the population exposure to risk factors of maladies such as cancer, and since 1980 breast cancer mortality has remained on an upward tendency, surpassing cervical cancer in 2006. After analyzing mortality rates along 30 years in Mexican women 25 or more years old, differences by state and age-groups are apparent. Although this cause of death has been associated with a highest regional development, some changes are taking place, since the number of deaths is also growing among women of less-developed regions in the country, as showed in this work. Mexico faces an evident challenge regarding breast cancer . Our country requires to join efforts and implement programs aimed at teaching self-care of health among the population, promoting healthier lifestyles, and reshaping our diagnostic infrastructure to achieve earlier detection and provide proper treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]