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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Correspondencias & Analisis is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Orange rust [Puccinia kuehnii (W. Kruger) E. J. Butler] from sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a disease of potential importance for Cuban sugarcane farming. However, under natural conditions, the presence of symptoms has not maintained stability in the foci of infection, which makes it difficult to evaluate the phenotypic resistance response of the cultivars to this disease. The present work was carried out with the objective of establishing a protocol to select sugarcane cultivars for their resistance to orange rust in the greenhouse. Includes, reference cultivars, source of inoculum, morphological and molecular characterization of P. kuehnii uredospores, inoculation conditions and inoculation method, variables to evaluate the response of the inoculated plants and their classification according to the degree of resistance to P. kuehnii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Digitalis have special interest due to the therapeutic properties of its secondary metabolites, known generically as cardenolides. These compounds are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, anticancer and antiviral properties have been described recently. However, field production of this plant requires two years to obtain seeds and also changes in environmental conditions influencing the cardenolide content. For these reasons and the advantages of in vitro culture techniques have been studied. Organogenesis has shown very positive results, which led to the realization of this work. The aim was to present a review of the scientific literature about regeneration via direct and indirect organogenesis in Digitalis genus, with particular attention to the factors that have determined the success in achieving this morphogenetic process and its possible applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane orange rust, caused by Puccinia kuehnii (Krüguer) Butler, is considered one of the most important diseases, due to losses in agricultural yields in susceptible commercial plantations. The objective of this work was to characterize the response of sugarcane cultivars to orange rust in green house conditions. Sugarcane plants of two months old were inoculated with spore suspension obtained from pustules on sugarcane leaves ('C01-227') with orange rust symptoms. Previously to inoculum preparation, P. kuehnii occurrence were confirmed by optical microscopy and polymerase chain reaction techniques. The experimental conditions used allow identify differential response between sugarcane cultivars to P. kuehnii infection. Some cultivars showed to be resistant to the fungus through interactions incompatible with a typical hypersensitive response. In other cultivars, different grades of susceptibility with significant differences in latency period of the disease was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is based on the research project titled «Pedagogical uses of a quality television for child and youth audiences», by an inter-institutional agreement between the National Commission of Television and the District University «Francisco José de Caldas» of Bogota, Colombia. Its goal is to study the look in our socio-cultural life to promote a critical education of the audiovisual area, starting from pedagogical proposals which entail citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalis purpurea L. produces cardiatonic glycosides such as digoxin and digitoxin, which are widely used for congestive heart failure. Genomic studies of this species are limited because there is no efficient genetic transformation system. One of the first steps to launch a transgene technology is to obtain the method and agent to select transformed out of non-transformed cells. In the current study, the Geneticin G-418 minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for leaf explants on callus formation. Besides, the effect of concentrations of this antibiotic between 10 and 50 mg·l-1 on leaf fragments was evaluated. An evaluation scale, taking into account the percentage of the explants which did not form callus, was proposed. No explant developed callus when leaf fragments were cultured at 50 mg·l-1. This concentration was considered as the minimal inhibitory and was selected for future works on genetic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparison of two methods for the establishment of embryogenic cell suspensions obtained from the culture of male flower directly in liquid culture medium and embryogenic callus of banana cv. 'Grande naine' (Musa AAA) was studied in this work. Establishment of homogeneous embriogenic cell suspensions from the culture of both explants in liquid medium was achieved though floral bud range eight showed the best results. Differences in the growing of cell suspension, somatic embryos formation and germination was not observed when the suspensions were compared. Nevertheless the methodology proposed in this work was faster than the 'callus' methodology and percentage of establishment was higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The season of the year is one of the possible factors to consider for taking the initial explants to develop somatic embryogenesis. This work was carried out to determine the influence of the season of the year on the callus with embryogenic structures formation, in the banana cultivar 'Grande naine' (Musa AAA) to collect immature male inflorescences are. Male inflorescences were collected for three years, every month. Nodal fascicles closest to the floral meristem were extracted and placed in semisolid medium. The number of contaminated explants and the embryogenic response for each time was quantified, six months after culture. The percentage of microbial contamination and the percentage of fascicles that formed callus with high frequency somatic embryogenesis were calculated using these data. In addition, it the relationship of these variables with the values of average temperatures and precipitations during the three years were also studied. The percentages of contamination were highly variable depending on the season of the year in which the inflorescences were collected in the field (0 - 82.5%). The analysis did not show correlation between embryogenic response and percentage of contamination, in relation to rainfall and temperature values recorded during the three years of research. Embryogenic response ranged from 0-11.5%. Results showed that the season of the year to collect immature male inflorescences did not influence the formation of somatic embryos in this cultivar of banana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a species recognized worldwide for its medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to micropropagate Stevia plants from ex vitro explants. Shoots of plants of this specie growing at greenhouse were selected. In the in vitro establishment, the effect of disinfection time and the concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the survival of the explant were evaluated. The established explants were transferred to the multiplication culture medium, where the effect of the growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine and indoleacetic acid) and the number of subcultures on the multiplication coefficient were determined. Then, the response of the plants in the acclimatization phase was evaluated, in comparison with plants propagated by cutting. Sodium hypochlorite at 1% allowed the disinfection of the explants with a survival of 94.5%, regardless of the time. The growth regulators did not modify the multiplication coefficient with subcultures every 15 days. It is possible to use different combinations of substrate based on zeolite and compost during the acclimatization of micropropagated plants. These developed a greater number of leaves and height than those propagated by cutting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloe vera L. for its exceptional therapeutic properties has great economic importance. However, the main problem, especially in Cuba, lies in the scarce commercial plantations. The development of in vitro propagation protocols may contribute to this end. The present work was carried out with the objective of determining the effect of the substrate in the acclimatization of in vitro plants of Aloe vera. Substrates were formulated with different ratios of compost and zeolite (100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0: 100). A 100% survival rate was achieved, 8.38 leaves per plant with a height of 9.02 cm and the highest number of roots per plant (7.69) in the substrate containing 100% compost. In vitro plants showed 100% survival in field conditions, similar to plants obtained by traditional methods. However, the number of shoots per in vitro plant cultivated in the field was five while the plants cultivated by traditional methods were 2.7 after 60 days of planted. In Cuba, the present research constitutes the first report about the effect of the substrate on the acclimatization of in vitro plants as the last stage of an in vitro propagation protocol and its response under field conditions. These results close the cycle of in vitro plant culture that corroborates the possibility of using them in the establishment of commercial plantations for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic embryogenesis is a useful process for clonal propagation and genetic improvement by induction of mutations. This work was carried out with the objective of determining the effect of 60Co source Gamma radiations on embryogenic cell suspensions of banana cv. 'Grande naine' (Musa AAA) until conversion to plants. Different doses of radiation (0, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 Gy) were applied to embryogenic cell suspensions in the multiplication phase and the embryos were later formed, matured and germinated. To determine the ex vitro response of the population of plants obtained these were transferred to greenhouse. The results showed that with somatic embryos formed fresh mass no differences were observed between the effect of the different doses of radiation applied and the control. However, the radiation dose affected the percentage of somatic embryo formation and germination. Plants with phenotypic variations were regenerated with 40 Gy. The results at the greenhouse showed that as radiation doses increasedup to 50 Gy, the frequency of variations increased. With higher doses of radiation the survival of the plants was affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalis purpurea L. is one of the two unique species of economic interest in the genus Digitalis. It is important because is one of the principal source of cardenolides, irreplaceable drugs in the treatment of heart failure. The present work was done with the objective to determinate the effect of inoculum density and gaseous atmosphere renovation in D. purpurea plants cultivated in Temporal Immersion Systems (TIS). To do this, several parameters like inoculums density (6, 12, 18 explants per TIS) and the use forced ventilation were studied. The highest biomass production was obtained when 12 explants were inoculated (104.03 gFW and 5.74 gDW). On the contrary, the lower inoculum density caused a negative effect in plant development and the biomass did not increase. On the other hand, the renovation of atmosphere mediated by forced ventilation induced a higher oxidative stress associated to an increase of digitoxin synthesis. Both factors are of great importance for biomass and secondary metabolites production in plants with pharmaceutical interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction methods of genomic DNA are usually laborious and hazardous to human health and the environment by the use of organic solvents (chloroform and phenol). In this work a protocol for in situ extraction of genomic DNA by alkaline lysis is validated. It was used in order to amplify regions of DNA in four species of plants and fungi by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From plant material of Saccharum officinarum L., Carica papaya L. and Digitalis purpurea L. it was possible to extend different regions of the genome through PCR. Furthermore, it was possible to amplify a fragment of avr-4 gene DNA purified from lyophilized mycelium of Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Additionally, it was possible to amplify the region ap24 transgene inserted into the genome of banana cv. 'Grande naine' (Musa AAA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bananas and plantains are grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These plants required high humid conditions; therefore water deficit affects their growth and productivity. Through biotechnology, new drought tolerant genotypes could be obtained. These genotypes can be selected from in vitro culture by adding osmo-stressor agents to the media. The aim of this work was to determine the response of in vitro banana plants cv. 'Grande naine' (Musa AAA) to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol. Morphological (height and number of shoots per explant), physiological (total chlorophyll and relative water chlorophyll contents) and biochemical (proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents) traits of water stress were determined on stressed and unstressed plants. On stressed plants, a decrease in height and number of shoots per explant, and the increase in proline and malondialdehyde contents were observed. However, total chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide and relative water contents were not affected. These findings showed that polyethylene glycol can be used as osmo-stress inducer for in vitro selection of drought tolerant banana plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plants of the genus Digitalis are characterized by the production of cardenolides, drugs widely used worldwide in the treatment of heart failure. In previous research a transformation protocol was developed from leaf disc of Digitalis purpurea L., using geneticin as selection marker. However some escapes in the selection process were obtained. So it is necessary to develop a more efficient selection scheme using another selective agent. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to select the minimum lethal concentration of hygromycin B during callus induction and shoots multiplication of D. purpurea. For callus induction we studied five concentrations of hygromycine B (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 mg l-1) during 28 days. Besides, the effect in shoot multiplication of four concentrations of hygromycine B (25, 50, 75, 100 mg l-1) was studied during 30 days. The minimal lethal concentration for callus formation was 12 mg l-1. In the case of shoot multiplication, 100% mortality was showed at 75 mg l-1 strictly after 30 days. The proposed selection scheme is recommended for future work at genetic transformation in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been developed in several species of plants with different objectives. Even though, the mass production of plants and the evaluation of field behaviour in big populations been achieved in few cases. Somatic embryogenesis has been developed in some cultivars of Musa spp. to facilitate protocols of genetic transformation. Though, this technique can be an alternative to increase the efficiency for mass production of in vitro plants to commercially scale for cultivation in productive areas. The aim of this paper was to determine the field behaviour of dwarf Cavendish plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis. The evaluations were carried out about the stability of the some morphological and quantitative characters of the plants related to the yield components were evaluated. The agricultural yield, under production conditions, of this plants compared to plants derived from suckers, conventionally cultured, was also determined. Results indicated that plants obtained by SE presented very few indexes of morphological variation in both productive cycles. The agricultural yield was superior with regard to the plants obtained by suckers in both cycles. Results of a population evaluated of more than 5 000 plants, obtained by SE in the cultivar 'Dwarf Cavendish', constituted a reliable evidence to recommend this method as a viable alternative for the in vitro mass propagation of plants in this cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic breeding of bananas by genetic transformation requires an efficient selection system. One of the selection markers most widely used is the bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and confers resistance to phosphinothricin and glufosinate-ammonium, the active ingredients in several commercial herbicides such as BASTA®, Finale® and Liberty®. The present investigation was aimed to determine the minimum lethal concentration of glufosinate-ammonium (Finale®) on embryogenic cell aggregates, in vitro cultured shoots and plants grown in greenhouse of banana cv. 'Grande naine' (Musa AAA). Different concentrations of this herbicide were used in the culture embryogenic cell clusters (5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0 mg l-1), in vitro cultured shoots (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg l-1). This was also applied to the foliage of plants in greenhouse (0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 g l-1). Results showed that the minimum lethal concentration in embryogenic cell clusters was 20.0 mg l-1 glufosinate ammonium,in in vitro shoots 3.0 mg l-1 and in plants in greenhouse 30.0 g l-1. Results also demonstrated that the use of glufosinate ammonium as a selective agent of transformants carrying the bar gene is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work had the objective of determining the minimum lethal doses of the selective agent phosphineotricine, to establish the adequate conditions for the selection of genetically transformed cellular embryogenic aggregates of banana cultivar Grande Naine. Schenk and Hildebrandt culture medium, modified by Bieberach, was used , adding different concentrations of the selective agent at (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg ·l-1). The evaluation of the survival of the explants was carried out visually to the 30 days of culture using the scale elaborated in this work, as well as the cellular vitality for staining with Diacetate of Fluoresceine (DAF). The concentrations of the selective agent used, were the cause of the plant cells death. This effect was increased when increasing the concentration and the time of exposition from the vegetable material to the culture medium with the selective agent (increase of the toxicity). The minimal lethal doses selected was 6 mg·l-1 because the total necrosis in the banana cells and death of the tissue produced when was observed to the microscope the vitality of the cellular aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]