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Objective. To identify how the strategy of providing contraceptive methods after any obstetric event (APEO, its Spanish acronym) is implemented and to analyze the barriers, actions and recommendations to prevent subsequent pregnancies in adolescents. Materials and methods. Qualitative study through content analysis of 21 semi-structured interviews with health services providers from two Mexican states. Results. The provision of contraceptives after any obstetric event is promoted during pregnancy, childbirth, postabortion, puerperium and up to 12 months after the obstetric event. Counseling should address, in addition to technical information on contraceptive methods, other key issues related to the sexual and reproductive rights of adolescents. We identified personal, institutional and social barriers in the implementation of the strategy. Health staff provided specific recommendations and actions for consolidate this strategy. Conclusion. The APEO strategy must be strengthened to guarantee the supply of services according to the needs of women under 20, as well as to design interventions based on good practices and health providers' recommendations to overcome barriers and have longer birth intervals that imply further births beyond adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is the most common histological type and it is a frequent cause of death in Peruvian women. Objective: To demonstrate that birth interval is a risk factor for ductal breast carcinoma. Material and Methods: This case-control study included 304 Peruvian women with histological diagnosis of breast carcinoma. They were divided into two groups, one with ductal carcinoma and another with non-ductal carcinoma (control). Besides birth interval; parity, age at first delivery, age at last delivery, age at histological diagnosis, interval from last delivery to diagnosis and molecular subtype were also evaluated. Results: The frequency of Ductal breast cancer was 78% in patients with short birth interval. The ratio between presence of short birth interval versus absence of short birth interval is 1.86 times higher in ductal breast cancer patients (CI 95%: 1,12-3,08). Additionally, there was significant association in age at first delivery = 20 years (p<0,001) and interval from last delivery to diagnosis >10 years (p<0,001). Conclusion: short birth interval is a risk factor for ductal breast cancer, which can also be modified and used as a prevention element, so it should be included in the medical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to find the socioeconomic and proximate determinants of mortality in children under five years of age in Peru. To this end, the study focuses on the theoretical approach of Mosley and Chen (1984) and on the econometric methodology of the Cox proportional hazards semi-parametric and non-parametric Kaplan and Meier models. Regarding socioeconomic determinants, the results show that the mother's years of education, the economic status of the home, and the mother's health coverage significantly reduce the risk of death for children under the age of five. Likewise, the mother's years of education have a significant interactive effect with the socioeconomic level of the home and access to health service coverage which influence child survival. As for the proximal determinants, the age of the mother, the intervals between births, the order of birth of the children, and health facilities predict the risk of death for children under five years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The short interpregnancy intervals have been commonly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes; however, little is known about their role in the health of children in the medium and long term, such as chronic malnutrition. Objective: To determine the association of interpregnancy intervals and chronic malnutrition in children under fi ve years of age at the National Hospital Sergio E. Bernales (HNSEB), Comas, Lima, Peru. Material and methods: Unpaired casecontrol study, carried out from June to October 2016. The relationship of the short interpregnancy intervals and other factors in relation to chronic malnutrition was evaluated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, using binary logistic regression. Results: 154 cases and 154 controls were analyzed. In the multivariate analysis, the short interval between pregnancies (OR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.61-4.34), and the lower/marginal low socioeconomic level (OR = 10.69; IC 95% 4.60-24.82) were associated with chronic malnutrition independent of other factors. Conclusions: The short interpregnancy interval was associated to the presence of chronic malnutrition in children who attended the growth and development program of a general hospital in Lima, Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth intervals have rarely been considered a phenomenon worthy of study in developed countries, but rather a mere consequence of individuals' decisions about total family size and age at first birth. However, women may be using birth spacing as a strategy to make employment and motherhood more compatible. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the analysis of the influence that women's attachment to work and received help with housework can have on the length of second birth intervals. For this purpose, I have taken information from a sample of 871 Spanish women aged between 35 and 49. The data have been obtained from the Fertility and Family Survey for Spain, conducted in 1995. The results obtained from some multivariate linear regression models indicate that the strong attachment to work negatively affects the length of second birth intervals, especially among highly educated women. However, the positive effect of help with housework on the interval can counteract the influence of the abovementioned characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a series of abstracts (in Spanish) of publications in the field of comparative family studies, including "Comparative Patterns of Interracial Marriage: Structural Opportunities, Third Party Factors, and Temporal Change in Immigrant Societies," by Cardell K. Jacobson and Tim B. Heaton, "The Impact of Migration on Marital Relationships: A Study of Ethiopian Immigrants in Toronto," by Ilene Hyman, Sepali Guruge, and Robin Mason and "Determinants of Birth Interval Dynamics in Kohgylooye and Bovairahmad Province, Iran," by Mohammad Karim Mansoorian.