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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to assess whether the punctual dose prescription technique, point A, is adequate for dose estimation in CTV-HR using 3D gynecological brachytherapy. Methods: treatment plans were collected for 35 patients with stage IB2-IVA (140 fractions or treatment plans) cervical cancer treated between 2019 and 2021, whose prescribed dose was 28Gy in 4 fractions. Points A were reconstructed, the prescribed dose was normalized to 100% isodose to compare with the doses in CTV-HR(D90%). Results: the average dose absorbed at CTV-HR(D90%) was 88.82 ±2.53 Gy and when normalizing the isodose of 100% at point A, average dose at CTV-HR(D90%) was obtained. of 99.3±5.85Gy. This average dose variation to the CTV-HR(D90%) represented an increase of 18%, resulting in 80% of the treatments corresponding to 28 patients falling outside the acceptable variation of the EMBRACE II protocol and only 20% of the treatments corresponding to 7 patients are within the range of the acceptable variation of the protocol in question. Conclusions: the dose prescription technique at point A clinically translates into an overdose of tumor and healthy tissue (rectum, sigmoid, bladder and intestine). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Worldwide, cervical cancer is the second most frequent cause of death, and because of its existence, there are several kinds of therapies that range between invasive to non-invasive ones. The purpose of these procedures is to impact disease survival within the human body. Thus, among those treatment methods used for cervical cancer treatment, we can find the following: external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, chemotherapy, cervical conization, trachelectomy, and radical hysterectomy. Objective. To review the characteristics of each one of the available methods for treating cervical cancer. Methodology. Published articles between 2013 and 2016 were collected using the databases PUBMED and LILACS. These articles had as a central topic cervical cancer and its treatment. After applying certain inclusion and exclusion criteria within the research, 41 articles were selected to be reviewed. Results. As non-invasive treatment methods for cervical cancer, the following are proposed: cervical conization method, which has a 5-year survival rate of 95.1% when treating micro-invasive cancer; external beam radiotherapy method, which has an overall 5-year survival rate of 92.2%; chemotherapy method, whose survival rate is similar to external beam radiotherapy method's one, but with a slight diminishing of surgery risk; and finally brachytherapy method, which combined with chemotherapy method achieves 64% of response among patients in cancer stages IA, IIA and IB. On the other hand, more invasive treatment methods are presented as follows: trachelectomy method when treating early cancer stages (with no local involvement or distant spreading) reaches a survival rate of 95% and a posttreatment pregnancy rate of 50%, and radical hysterectomy method has a 5-year survival rate of 100% among patients in cancer stage IA2 and IB1, in spite in some occasions this method requires to be combined with other treatment techniques. New therapeutic approaches and variations have been developed for surgical techniques. Conclusions. Cervical Cancer treatments have shown promising results regarding survival rate and in some procedures, such as conization and trachelectomy, preservation of fertility rate. Methods such as chemotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy have a great control of cervical cancer in early stages, and they can also be used as adjuvant therapies for surgical interventions. Nonetheless, radical hysterectomy is the standard and essential medical procedure for managing cervical cancer. This method has shown good results regarding survival rates and its variants have helped to diminish associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant ocular tumor in children, produced by a mutation in the Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor gene in the retinal cell genome. It has been pointed out that retinoblastoma originates in the retina's inner nuclear layer, however, in some individuals, photoreceptor-like cells have been found in retinoblastoma, so there is still controversy about the type of cell that causes the tumor. Retinoblastoma is an autosomal dominant disease, where both RB1 gene alleles are usually mutated, causing pRb to inactivate and generate cell cycle alterations. It can affect one or both eyes, and the most common clinical sign is the leukocoria. Following clinical suspicion, an experienced ophthalmologist should perform an indirect ophthalmoscopy with complete mydriasis in order to locate the tumor. In addition, imaging techniques such as b-scan ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging may be used to confirm the diagnosis and explore the tumor's nature. Recently, is wellestablished that chemo-reduction followed by adjuvant focal consolidation, combined with early detection have contributed to increased overall survival and decreased morbidity. Guidelines evolution to encompass retinoblastoma in both, molecular and clinical aspects, have been aimed to provide a better management of affected patient with this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this sudy was to determine if an increased variation between the RI ( resistance index) of uterine artery pre and post LDR ( low dose rate) gynecologyc brachytherapy, could be a good prognosis indicator . Methods: Observational prospective study, participants included 23 patients which were treated in the Radiotherapy service, between October 2012 and July 2013; a Doppler Color Ultrasound was made aiming at the measurement of the RI of both uterine arteries, before and after aplication of LDR brachytherapy. The variability of each uterine artery RI was determined, and normal distribution curves were built; a group of patients which values were major or equal to 2 SD ( standard deviations). All patients were followed for a period of time up to 24 months. The endpoint was OS ( overall survival). Results: Mean OS was 15.69 months. 5 patients ( 21.74%), presented disease persistence/progression. At the end of the follow up period, OS percentage was 83% (n=19). In the group of patients with variability of RI of the uterine artery equal to or more than 2SD, OS was 100% ( p=0,0411 in univariable analysis, p=0,06 in multivariable analysis). Conclusion: In the follow up to 15,69 months, the group with greater variability of RI of uterine arteries had an OS of 100%, with statistical significance in univariable analysis, showing a trend towards statistical signification in multivariable analysis. We need to do more studies to better identification of this relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 71-year-old man diabetic and smoker was treated with brachytherapy for a choroidal melanoma. Two years later he developed a radiation optic neuropathy and a contralateral vein occlusion. He received subtenon triamcinolone and then, he underwent a phacoemulsification surgery and one intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic, with functional and anatomical improvement. The radiation optic neuropathy is a chronic progressive vasculopathy induced by supra-threshold doses of ionizing radiation. The risk occurs when the total dose is more than 50 Gy or the daily fraction size exceeds 1,8 Gy. The vein occlusion could be related to risk factors. Several treatments have been used for radation papillopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasotracheal intubation is usually the selected airway approach for oral and maxillofacial surgery to enable a free surgical field. It is an unusual intubation technique with a high success rate. However, it is not free from difficulties and complications in certain groups of patients, like those with oral, facial or cervical tumors. The Airtraq® laryngoscope (Prodol Meditec, Vizcaya, Spain) is an optical device that facilitates tracheal intubation through the indirect visualization of the vocal cords, avoiding the need to align the oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal axis. It has shown to be useful in various difficult airway (DA) scenarios. There is a version of the device to assist with the nasal intubation technique. Two oral brachytherapy treatment cases classified as DA are discussed; the nasotracheal intubation of the patient awake was successful using the Airtraq optical laryngoscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Brachytherapy is an appropriate therapeutic option in cervical cancer. Due to its realization in areas outside the operating room and ambulatory character, needs proper anesthetic management. For it has been commonly used locoregional anesthesia and sedations. material and methods: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study of brachytherapy presence of anesthetist performed in 2014 at the University General Hospital of Albacete. results: Data were collected from 18 patients with a mean age of 50.47 years. 86 sessions which are collected. 87% of patients performed five sessions. 83% of the first sessions were performed with spinal anesthesia. In a total of eight cases locoregional anesthesia was performed in all sessions, while none of the patients sedation was performed in all sessions. In 84% of cases of spinal anesthetic combination of bupivacaine 0.5% and 4 mg Fentanyl 25 μg was used. As sedations were made variably propofol infusion or bolus propofol associated both fentanyl as remifentanil. Conclusions: In our opinion the techniques of locoregional anesthesia represent an advance compared with conscious sedation due to better management of the airway in areas outside the operating room with a low incidence of complications and good control of both analgesic and the patient immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To introduces the main concepts in radiobiology, radiotherapy in the oral cavity, and complications associated with them, in order to carry out preventive and curative actions safely by the health professional and team. Method: The review was performed in several databases and journals on the dental care of patients undergoing radiotherapy. Results: Currently, treatment for cancer is carried out through a multidisciplinary approach with different health professionals (including dentists) participating to determine its diagnosis, specific treatment through surgical removal, cytotoxic treatment with chemotherapy and/ or ionizing radiation, and rehabilitation. Radiotherapy produces complications as a reaction between the ionizing radiation and the body: Physical, chemical and biological effects due to interactions between the charged particles and the atoms of the irradiated tissue; in addition, enzymatic reactions take place to repair most of the radioinduced lesions, like damage in the DNA, the main negative or adverse radiobiological effects. In the oral cavity, there are acute reactions such as mucositis, xerostomia and risk of infection, as well as late reactions such as alterations of bone and mucose vascularization, saliva gland damage, cell reduction in connective tissue, and risk of collagen synthesis increase, which results in fibrosis and hypovascular, hypocellular and hypoxic tissues that affect bones because its remodeling capacity is diminished and the risk of infection and osteoradionecrosis is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present our experience in treatment of keloid scars with surgical resection and immediately postoperative radiotherapy. Radiotherapy changes keloid into an hypocellular, hypovascular and hypotoxic tissue, avoiding the excessive migration of fibroblasts. If the suitable dose of radiation is delivered, balance between the formation of the scar and the excessive proliferation of the tissue is achieved avoiding the formation of the keloid but keeping normal scarring. Our protocol is divided in two phases: the first one is the surgical treatment. The exeresis of the keloid is carried out through an incision that follows its own line and a careful closure in two planes; superficial one is always an intradermic suture. The second part will be radiotherapy, with two possible treatments: 1) Brachitherapy (treatment at a short distance), placing a catheter under the suture, through which a radioactive source is introduced, usually Ir192. It is used, specially in longitudinal wounds. 2) External radiotherapy with electrons of low energy. It is used in complex or large wounds. A dose of 20 Gy., in 4 fractions of 500 cGy, usually offers excellent results with minimum sequelae or side effects. The area to be irradiated should include the surgical wound, and a margin of 4 mm. around it. With this procedure, we have observed excellent results with a recidive rate lower tan 4% and an improvement in the clinical symptoms in 100% of cases. As a side effect, we have observed telangiectasies (15,4%) or changes in the cutaneous pigmentation (5,9%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the literature of Erectile Dysfunction in patients treated with radiation and surgery for localized cancer of the prostate is made. These treatments can produce this complication in a number of patients so treated. The etiology of each modality of treatment, according to the data of the literature, is made. Hormonal manipulation is not taken in consideration for this analysis. Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy (Walsh 0peration) has improved the proportion of patients that developed this complication very significantly. External Radiotherapy has improved the complication rates, , with the development of conformational techniques (3D, IMRT). It is supposed that Erectile Dysfunction is to be reduced with these techniques because doses to normal tissue can be diminished (especially IMRT) without compromising of therapeutic doses to the target. The advances in Brachytherapy have permitted to administrate a more precise distribution of the sources to obtain better implants in real time. These factors are critical for better therapeutic effects. In this analysis we intended to do a relative comparison with these three modalities and its relationship with Erectile Dysfunction in cancer of the prostate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present results an the expanded uncertainty of the magnitude of the Kerma rate in air K̇air for sources of brachyterapy of High Dose Rate HDR, using the method Goetsch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical & Translational Oncology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinical & Translational Oncology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinical & Translational Oncology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinical & Translational Oncology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinical & Translational Oncology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinical & Translational Oncology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)