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Dyslipidemia corresponds to an alteration of plasma lipids, which translates to an increase in plasma cholesterol and / or triglycerides. Objectives. Describe the mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia and characterize their influence in the current treatment. Methodology. After an exhaustive bibliographic search of 103 studies published until 2010, the most important aspects of the physiology, pathophysiology, complications and therapeutics of this pathology were identified. Results. The pathophysiological mechanisms of dyslipidemia are subdivided into primary and secondary mechanisms, according to their genetic origin or derived from some pathology, respectively. The treatment of dyslipidemia consists of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, including in the latter, changes in lifestyle that modify diet and physical exercise. Within pharmacological therapies, multiple drugs and their interactions have been studied over time when combined with other of these, the most studied mechanisms being the inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, inhibition of the degradation of the LDL receptor, inhibition cholesterol absorption, bile acid trapping, decreased synthesis of very low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride synthesis. Conclusions. The currently known about dyslipidemia are in a more molecular level, its correct understanding allows us to make better therapeutic decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is the most common specific liver disorder during pregnancy, it is a multifactorial condition that appears in genetically susceptible women and it is mainly characterized by palmoplantar itching predominantly at night. Its importance lies in the considerable fetal morbidity and mortality. Although the treatment is simple, we must know how to make the diagnosis. Objective: To carry out an updated and detailed review of the national and international bibliography of etiology, diagnostic tests, treatment, perinatal results, and their association with other pregnancy pathologies. Methodology: A search of the literature published in English and Spanish was conducted in databases such as PubMed / MEDLINE, Ovid, MD Consult, and others, using the keywords: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, perinatal adverse effects, preeclampsia, tween pregnancy. 64 articles were selected from the obtained, which were classified and used as support to carry out this review. Results: An update regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is provided, to act as a clinical guide for healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This disease is an important entity to diagnose in order to avoid the fetal adverse effects that implies. The main limitation is the lack of determination of serum bile acid levels in our country, therefore, clinical suspicion becomes the most useful tool for diagnosis and early treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The principal aspect of the (GERD) is a chronic recurrent condition that affects millions of around the word. Bibliographic review performed in order to show the principal aspects of the GERD, as its incidence, the complexity of its diagnosis, which is based in a first phase in the therapeutic response to proton pump inhibitors and secondly in monitoring pH and bile acids, among others. On the other hand, the importance of knowledge about the pathophysiological process of the disease, which the main therapeutic targets leading to the development of strategies and drugs currently used to treat the GERD is exposed. Moreover, the main experimental models widely used for the study of the physiopathology and the evaluation were described of new substances with potential benefit in the treatment of GERD. In this context, the animal species, conditions and the different surgical techniques corresponding to the experimental models of esophagitis: acute and chronic esophagitis induced by gastroesophagic reflux, gastro-duodeno esophagic reflux and the duodeno esophagic reflux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We optimize several aspects involved in the method for a reliable, more simple, and easy obtaining of bile acids (AB) and cholesterol (Co) from the feces of wild carnivores, including: selection of the optimal developer; adaptation of the mobile phase in a first chromatographic evaluation; optimization of separation through a second chromatographic evaluation with another mobile phase; the use of minimal amounts of both fecal sample (mg) or the ethanolic solution (µL) in which the former were preserved. The new procedure is simpler and easily reproducible, and thus it turns out to be an analytic, non-invasive, and feasible tool for the identification of wild carnivores by means of the AB within their feces. In order to probe the method, we analyzed feces from Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Canis lupus baileyi, and Canis latrans maintained in captivity, which are also described and, therefore, we also present for the first time, the profile of AB for the Mexican wolf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sodium deoxycholate (DCNa) source is the surfactant used in the biopharmaceutical industry for the solubilization of outer membrane vesicles. It is well known the importance of control of this metabolite in biological materials due to its high toxicity for humans. To demonstrate significant small variations of this metabolite in vaccine formulations it is necessary to use a methodology highly selective, sensitive, specific and reproducible. In this report we used the micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in a Capillary Ion Analyzer (Water corp. Milford MA) detection at 185 nm mercury lamp. It employed a fused silica capillary uncoated (Waters Corp. Milford MA). We assessed the purity of 2 lots of sodium deoxycholate and analyzed 15 samples of purified vesicles active pharmaceutical ingredient vaccine formulations. Data were recorded and processed with software Millennium™ (Waters Corp. Milford MA). It was found that lots of sodium deoxycholate containing 1.19 and 0.44% cholic acid and contaminate that 93% of the purified vesicles samples were from 0 to 2.44 mg protein DCNa/100 µg. MECK's results were compared with a kinetic test used to determine bile acids in blood (Merckotest). MECK system showed better results regarding the Merkotest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol in humans has two different sources: endogenous, from de novo synthesis, and exogenous, from the diet. Cholesterol and triglycerides are insoluble in plasma, so circulating lipids are transported in the form of lipoproteins that carry lipids to various tissues for energy utilization, steroid hormone synthesis and bile acid formation. The lipoprotein particle is made of esterified and unesterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. The protein component of the lipoprotein is known as apolipoprotein and they serve as cofactors for enzymes and ligands for receptors. There are ive major lipoproteins: chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), each of which has a different function. In this article will review the pathways of cholesterol metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines what is learned by several speeches and practices of mourning and melancholia. It is argued that black bile materializes bodies in quite particular waysand melancholia urges us to understand the melancholic body's relevance in social domain. The persistent notion of black bile focuses our attention on howthe bodies inhabit and are in turn inhabited by social constraints. It is suggested that another understanding of melancholic attachments to loss might despathologize those attachments making visible their social bases and also their creative, unpredictable, political aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that identifies puma and jaguar feces through analyzing fecal bile acids, a technique used in monitoring wildlife carnivores in Amboró National Park in Bolivia. The study uses a simple laboratory technique, thin layer chromatography that allows the identification of species by chromatographic determination of intensity, color and presence or absence pattern of fecal bile acids. Result shows that the bile acid pattern for puma was lithocholic, dehydrocholic, deoxycholic, quenodeoxycholic, cholic glycocholic and four non identified bile acids, while the bile acid pattern for jaguar was lithocholic, dehydrocholic, deoxycholic, cholic and glycocholic.

The article presents a study which determines the microvertebrates preyed upon by the pampas cat or Leopardus pajeros, a small South American felid with a broad geographic distribution, in southern Mendoza Province, Argentina. The study includes the assignment of feces to felid species by bile-acid analysis. Result of the study reveals that Pampas cat or Leopardus pajeros cat preyed upon lizards, birds, and rodents, which majority represented by cricetids, followed in importance by tuco-tucos or Ctenomys.