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Patterning, as a component of early mathematic knowledge, is a common activity carried out at elementary levels in which children are not equally successful. This study aimed to measure different variables affecting performance on patterning tasks in early childhood. For this purpose, the success of Pre-K (N = 33), K (N = 31) and first-grade (N = 33) children when solving 14 repeating-pattern tasks, which varied in complexity, was analysed. The results revealed no significant differences between core-2 and core-4 length patterns, and greater success with patterns involving size. The study also introduces distractors, as a novel factor, in the patterning activities related to the presence of contradictory or surplus data. The impact of each factor and the relations between complexity and difficulty on the patterning tasks are discussed in order to contribute to the design of teaching itineraries. [Spanish language review by Mercè Rius.]

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The structural characteristics (SC) of video games are responsible for inducing or maintaining gaming behaviour regardless of the physiological, psychological, or socioeconomic status of a given player. Studies of video games have tended to focus on genre, but the rapid evolution of the industry has led to increased ambiguity in the categorisation and classification of these genres. Therefore, the study of SC may be a more accurate way of analysing video games. The objective of the study is to design an SC taxonomy that responds to current video games and that contributes to: (a) identifying which SCs affect players’ behaviour; and (b) understanding why eSports have so many practitioners. After reviewing previous taxonomies, interviewing expert video gamers, and interviewing a video game programmer, a taxonomy of 53 SCs grouped into four factors was constructed: social, manipulation and control, narrative and identity and reward and punishment. In future research, this taxonomy will allow for empirical study of the relationships between the psychological characteristics of players and the SCs of their preferred video games. It will also shed light on the psychological variables that influence the performance of professional esports teams in relation to SC, and why the number of players and fans continues to rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research presented aims at identifying the difficulties pre-service secondary science teachers have in designing context-based chemistry teaching and learning sequences (TLS). e question guiding this study is the following: What function do contexts perform within chemistry TLS designed by pre-service secondary science teachersS A content analysis of five chemistry TLS written in 2015-16 by five pre-service secondary science teachers from the master program offered by the five public universities in the community of Catalonia, Spain was conducted. e focus of the analysis dealt with the characteristics of contexts used in TLS using the Rubric of Context Indicators (RIC) created for this purpose. ree TLS contextual profiles have been identified using the 5 RIC context indicators such as authenticity, relevance, persistence, inquiry and construction. All pre-service secondary science teachers from the three contextual profiles have written chemistry TSL showing difficulties in the use of contexts that are persistent along the TLS and promote scientific inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. The degree of satisfaction of patients and their relatives with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered an important treatment goal; however there is no scale in Spanish to quantify it. The aim of the study was to translate and adapt into Spanish the "Patient Satisfaction Survey" (PSS) for its use in patients and their relatives. Methodology. Two translators performed the initial translation and a third translator did the back translation. The research committee obtained a consensus survey; the authors of the original instrument reviewed and accepted this survey. The equivalence between the original instrument with the back translation and the readability of the survey were analyzed. The Spanish version was tested on a sample of patients, relatives and experts in ECT. The same process was carried out for the satisfaction survey of relatives or caregivers. Results. The Spanish surveys were obtained after completing the translation process and identifying the problematic items that were successfully modified. The readability of the surveys was very accessible to the Spanish population. The pilot test carried out on patients, relatives and experts allowed detection and changes of confusing items. The final Spanish surveys were obtained after this pilot test. Conclusions. The adaptation of the PSS for Spanish patients and relatives provide suitable satisfaction scale for its use in Spanish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this research is to analyse the motivation of students from three cities to opt for Technical and Professional Education (ETP), taking into consideration the institutional design and social context differences among the three countries. From a qualitative perspective, a discourse analysis of semi-structured interviews aimed at men and women between 18 and 22 years from the three cities is carried out. The results show, on the one hand, differences in terms of motivation when it comes to opting for this type of education, which are due to institutional design, the prestige of studies or the city context. On the other hand, there are also similarities in terms of motivation among young people from the three cities that are beyond institutional design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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