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Antecedentes / Objetivo. El nejayote es un residuo agroindustrial alcalino que se genera a partir del proceso de nixtamalización del maíz. El propósito de este trabajo fue demostrar que el nejayote puede ser utilizado como medio de cultivo para el crecimiento de Pseudomonas fluorescens NR113647 y para la producción de metabolitos con actividad antifúngica para el manejo sustentable de Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea y Fusarium solani. Materiales y Métodos. Se formularon medios de cultivo con nejayote y nejayote con glicerol, con pH 6 y 12. La biomasa bacteriana fue separada por centrifugación y filtración y se determinó la capacidad antifúngica in vitro de los extractos contra A. niger, B. cinerea y F. solani. Además, se realizó la determinación de los metabolitos presentes en los extractos. P. fluorescens NR113647 fue capaz de crecer en todos los medios. Resultados. Los extractos provenientes de nejayote a pH 12 mostraron inhibición del crecimiento de todos los hongos evaluados; se identificaron al menos cinco metabolitos producidos por P. fluorescens NR113647 involucrados en el biocontrol de fitopatógenos. Conclusión. El nejayote puede ser usado como medio de cultivo para P. fluorescens NR113647, para la producción de biomasa y metabolitos secundarios con capacidad antifúngica; además, el nejayote podría usarse para el cultivo de otros microorganismos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, several scales have been sesigned to evaluate the parental conflict in a couple or in a family. Nevertheless and despite its relevance, there is no measure instrument to evaluate the attitude towards the conflict resolution. This variable has a direct effect in the conflict management and its positive resolution, being of interest for practitioners working with families in parental conflict. Objective: The empirical validation of a questionnaire that allows to measure, in Spanish, the attitude towards the resolution of the parental conflict. Method: The sample consisted of 2618 parents. The different items were created and validated by groups of experts. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were carried out in a complementary manner. Results: Favourable evidence was obtained of a measurement model comprised by two factors (8 items) that allow the evaluation of one's own attitude towards the resolution of a parental conflict (self-reported) and the considered to have the other parent (referenced). The adjustment of the model to data was satisfactory, in the same way as the validity and reliability. Conclusions: The resulting questionnaire is valid and reliable for the measurement of the attitude towards the parental conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Educación is the property of Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia y Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Assessing the credibility of a testimony is a crucial step in judicial decision-making, primarily when inconsistencies arise due to conflicting versions of events. The evaluation of the veracity of a testimony based on verbal cues, in particular those based on the Undeutsch hypothesis that contends that the memory of self-experienced real-life events differ in content and quality (as defined by reality criteria) from the memory of fabricated or fictitious accounts, is considered to be the most effective tool for assessing credibility. This hypothesis has given rise to a forensic technique known as Statement Validity Analysis (SRA) that includes a list of reality criteria i.e., Criteria Based Content Analysis (CBCA). Meta-analytical reviews support the discriminatory power of CBCA reality criteria and the CBCA total score in distinguishing between the memory of self-experienced real-life events versus fabricated or fictitious accounts in all types of populations (children and adults), witnesses (plaintiffs, witnesses, and defendants), and memories (sexual abuse, gender violence). A hypothesis must fulfil the Daubert standards for it to be admitted as scientific evidence in a court of law, as is the case of the Undeutsch hypothesis. Notwithstanding, the scientific evidence upholding this hypothesis in terms of reality criteria does not substantiate the validity of this forensic technique. A review of this technique revealed it failed to meet scientific criteria (CBCA is not a methodic system, and is neither valid nor reliable; and it lacks criterion validity as there is no strict objective decision criterion); and has legal and jurisprudential flaws (no safeguards guaranteeing the constitutional principle of the presumption of innocence; witness interviews to obtain statements may lack judicial validity; and fail to evaluate appropriately the consistency of the evidence). Finally, a forensic technique based on the content analysis of statements, the Global Evaluation System (GES), is examined in order to overcome the limitations of SVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acción Psicológica is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario de Psicología Jurídica is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most of the literature on psychopathy is focused on its measurement. There are four reference tools used to assess psychopathy: the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), the Levenson's Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales (LPSP), the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP), and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI). In order to do this, a psychometric correlational meta-analysis was designed to test the convergent validity between these tools on the psychopathy dimension and the two common factors among them: the affective and antisocial deviation factors. The results showed a positive, significant and generalisable convergent validity between tools, in the psychopathy dimension, as well as in the affective and antisocial factors. Moreover, the results also showed that the PCL was the most appropriate tool to measure psychopathy in clinical samples, and the PPI was so in sub-clinical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Educación is the property of Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the aim of comparing in the forensic assessment of the psychosocial injury in intimate partner violence cases, the efficacy of the psychometric measure with the content analysis of the clinical interview, a study was designed. For this, forensic assessment not only must provide a diagnostic of the psychological injury, but also a differential diagnosis of malingering. 101 mentally healthy and with no-history of intimate partner violence (IPV) females answered, under malingering instructions of psychological injury consequence of IPV, to the MMPI-2, and were submitted to a free narrative interview, the forensic-clinical interview (Arce & Farina, 2001). The results showed that participants had a very high capacity, 79.6%, to malinger in the psychometric measure, the MMPI-2. As for the differential diagnosis of malingering, the validity scales and configurations classified correctly as malingerers to the 80.2% of the protocols, failing in the remaining 19.8%. As in forensic assessment, the Type II Error (classification of malingered injury as real) is not admissible; the psychometric measure is not sufficient evidence of psychological injury. The content analysis of the forensic-clinical interview revealed that 3% of the participants were capable to malinger the psychological injure, while in 97% were detected non-normative narratives, that is, were classified as false. Although the content analysis of the interview makes malingering significantly more difficult and detects more malingering than the psychometric measure, fails to comply with full control of the Type II Error. Thus, the content analysis of the clinical-forensic interview is not in itself sufficient forensic evidence. The implications of the results for forensic practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Educación is the property of Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The probability of recidivism in delinquency is approximately three times more for the recidivist than for the non-recidivist prisoners. In this sense, it has been suggested a relationship between the degree of antisocial and delinquent behavior, and the development of the cognitive competence. Thus, it presumes that recidivist prisoners have le s cognitive competence than non-recidivist. To test this hypothesis, 104 prisoners, 54 non-recidivists and 50 recidivists, which have no previously submitted to an in-prison treatment to empower the cognitive and social competence, were assessed on the attribution of responsibility, self-concept, coping strategies and emotional intelligence. Results showed that recidivist prisoners had less developed the emotional intelligence and the self-concept than nonrecidivist. Moreover, recidivist prisoners, in comparison to non-recidivist, evidenced a greater tendency to cope with stressful and risk situations through non-adaptive strategies (i.e., centered on emotions, avoidance). Nevertheless, recidivist and non-recidivist were similar in the attribution of responsibility. In summary, recidivist prisoners have a less cognitive competence than non-recidivist. The implications of these results for prisoners' reeducation, resocialization and social rehabilitation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was designed to develop a scale for assessing bullying at school among adolescents. A list of 39 items was drawn up in which the wording of each item conformed to three criteria: the content of the items entailed intentionality of action; the word bullying was not used; and no reference was made to any specific scenario. The list was applied together with the SCL-90-R (Derogatis, 2002), the ACS scales (Frydenberg & Lewis, 2000), and the TAMAI (Hernández, 2002) to evaluate mental health, coping, and adaptation in 308 adolescents, 52.7% girls aged 12 to 17 years (M = 13.97; SD = 0.06), attending compulsory secondary education (CSE). The results generated a scale consisting of 26 items and 4 factors (psychological bullying, exclusion, physical bullying, and relational bullying) that was reliable for the entire scale, a = .95, and for the 4 factors, as was .84 to .90, and valid (convergent and discriminant in criterion and construct). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic evaluation of parents litigating for custody comprises the assessment of the parental attributes and of favourable self-reporting. As for this, a multi-method evaluation approach is adopted, including psychometric tests, particularly the 16 PF-5 as a reference questionnaire. With the aim of knowing if the litigant parents are able to present a self-favorable report on the 16 PF-5, the strategies followed to fake good, and the effects of faking good on the primary and global scales, 488 parents, 244 in child custody litigation and 244 parents under standard instructions, answered the Spanish adaptation of the 16 PF-5. The results showed that litigant parents biased their responses; that they manipulated their impression and avoided infrequent responses; and that their manipulation is related to the exaggeration of positive attributes and the concealment or denial of the negative ones. The implications of the findings for forensic psychologist practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychosocial Intervention is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the literature, antisocial populations, both with antisocial behavior and delinquent behavior are viewed as mutually interacting. The lack of psychosocial competence has been related with antisocial and delinquent behavior. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that antisocial and delinquent behavior is a consequence of different degrees of lack of social competence. In order to test this hypothesis, in a field study, 450 adolescents --150 juvenile offenders, 150 with antisocial non deviant behavior, and 150 from the normal school population--were evaluated in fundamental variables of psychosocial competence. Performed a MAN OVA with the population factor (offenders, antisocial, normative), the results revealed a relationship between social incompetence and antisocial and delinquent behavior as well as an exponential increase in both parameters. The findings are discussed in terms of prevention and treatment strategies for antisocial, delinquent and non-deviant behavior in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction in Spain of the Spanish Law on Comprehensive Preventive and Protective Measures against Gender Violence, (L. O. 1/2004), has supposed that a very large number of sentenced as batterers are eligible to parole or supervision orders as an alternative to incarceration. This paper reviews the state of the art in terms of the theoretical explanations and efficacy of the interventions, concluding that the intervention that has proven to be more effective is one driven by the specific needs and characteristics of the batterer rather than those based on general intervention programs for all the batterers. The evaluation schedule for this aim is discussed. Other additional features of the intervention that mediate the efficiency of the outcomes are also discussed. For the treatment under these conditions, in Galician, Northwest of Spain, a psychosocial program was developed, the Galician Programme for the Treatment and Re-education of Convicted Gender Aggressors (Arce and Fariña, 2007). The results of the implementation of this program from 2005 to 2010 are satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival data reveal that in Spain the conviction rate for cases of gender violence is approximately 70%, whereas the conviction rate for other crimes is in the region of 90%. This dysfunction arises from a multiplicity of factors, chiefly the lack of evidence. As most gender violence occurs within the privacy of the home, the burden of proof rests exclusively or primarily on the victim's testimony. Testimonies admitted in a court of law are often corroborated by circumstantial evidence (e.g., legal criteria of plausibility), and in particular the psychological report on testimonial credibility that plays a critical role in verdict outcome. An archive study of cases of gender violence revealed that psychological reports were admitted in 20% of the cases reviewed. Although Criteria Based Content Analysis (CBCA; Steller and Köhnken, 1994) is not valid for legal contexts, it has been observed to be the standard procedure for the evaluation of testimonial credibility in the archive cases of gender violence under review. Thus, a study involving 50 women (25 real victims and 25 feigners of gender violence) was undertaken to assess the efficacy of this procedure for the discrimination of real victims from feigners. The results reveal that real testimonies contained more reality criteria than faked testimonies. Nevertheless, the procedure, in line with the demands of forensic evidence in terms of the unacceptability of false positives (i.e., feigned case classed as real), erroneously detected 44% of real testimonies as false negatives (i.e., detected real case as feigned). The results are discussed in terms of the practical implications for forensic psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological harm is one of the sequela of the victimization of a crime. Nevertheless, a diagnosis of psychological harm, that is, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), does not constitute sufficient evidence alone given that, in legal terms, faking or false testimony must be detected and eliminated before an expert testimony can be admitted. To assess the aptitudes and strategies for faking psychological harm associated with domestic violence, 101 women were asked to fake psychological harm using the MMPI-2 and a forensic clinical interview. The results showed that most women (84.2%) were capable of faking in MMPI-2. The original validity scales of the MMPI-2 and their configurations were effective for the detection of faking though with a wide margin of error was observed. In the forensic clinical interview, it was much more difficult to simulate since only 3 malingerers, in which protocols were not observed any feigning strategy, were capable of simulating the psychological injury linked to domestic violence. Consequently, a multimethod approach (MMPI and interview) was contrasted and observed to classify correctly all subjects. Thus, a protocol for forensic assessment of the psychological harm consequence of domestic violence against women was formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction of Spanish legislation (Ley Orgánica 1/2004) on Comprehensive Preventive and Protective Measures against Gender Violence, the Autonomous Community of Galicia has put into force on June 29th 2005, the Galician Programme for the Treatment and Re-education of convicted gender aggressors who are eligible to parole or supervision orders as an alternative to incarceration. The Programme consist of 52 re-education sessions, 26 individual and 26 group, that are undertaken over a one-year period as well as the mandatory minimum one-year follow-up intervention programme designed to curtail the number of re-offenders. The programme is based on a multimodal (cognitive and behavioural) and multilevel intervention model (e.g., individual, group, social network, employment) (Arce and Fariña, 2005a) that has proven to be more effective than partial intervention approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field study was designed with the aim of knowing if deficits in cognitive skills are a common characteristic of the juvenile offenders and protection youngsters i.e., children under social services protection (in risk of deviation), and a differential from normalized population. As for this 450 Colombian youngsters (150 juvenile offenders, 150 protection youngsters, and 150 from the normal population), aged from 14 to 19 years, were assessed in emotional intelligence, coping, responsivity attribution, and self-concept. The results showed that juvenile offenders and youngsters under protection had deficit in attention to the emotions (emotional intelligence), used more maladaptive strategies for problems solving, and shared a negative definition of their selves, were less satisfied with their sleeves and with their behaviour. Nonetheless, the expected bias to external responsivity attribution was not observed. Finally, the magnitude of the damages in cognitive skills was quantified. The implications of the results for the intervention with juvenile offenders and the design and implementation of prevention programs with protection youngsters are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]