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Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Preservatives of synthetic origin, such as nitrates and nitrites, used in the food industry for the preservation of meat matrices, have reported long-term unfavorable effects on the health of recurrent consumers. Objective: To know the physicochemical and antimicrobial characteristics of propolis as a potential biopreservative in high consumption meat matrices. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic review of literature was developed according to the problem question posed by the research group, carrying out a search in the Scopus, NCBI, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases of review articles, scientific articles, books and works degree. Results: Propolis is a natural compound with a wide variety of useful elements for the conservation of meat matrices, due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Conclusions: Propolis has useful antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in the field of the food industry, being considered one of the most viable alternatives for the preservation of meat products and the reduction of the use of synthetic preservatives in meat production. However, it is essential to develop more research to evaluate the behavior of the active compounds of propolis in the various meat matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presence and proliferation of microorganisms in textiles while they are used or stored may cause negative effects on fabrics and health of people who use them. Such situation can be fought by employing anti-microbial agents to functionalize textiles. Current consumers want their garments to offer tested and durable antimicrobial benefits. This article includes a bibliographic revision of antimicrobial compounds used to functionalize different textiles, which avoid growth and development of microorganisms; for this reason, there are different types of antimicrobial agents such as the ones derived from natural organic compounds, synthetic organic compounds or inorganic compounds. Besides, characterization methods of the antimicrobial activity on textiles were reviewed and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively according to AATCC, ASTM, and JIS standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we conducted various phytochemical studies of the species Combretum laurifolium Mart. in the region of the city of Amajari in Roraima, Brazil, aiming to study the biological properties such as antibacterial activity, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. The results were interesting to the antimicrobial activities against S. typhimurium, E. coli, S. Sanguinis, S. aurus, C. albicans and acetilcolesterasa, the phytochemical prospecting is present tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes and saponins in the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the distribution, mechanisms, treatment and clinical evolution of patients with peripheral vascular trauma attended at a general hospital. Methods: Retrospective study among patients admitted to HNCH between 2010 and 2012.The information was gathered from clinical charts. Results: A total of 46 patients were included; 55 vascular lesions were observed, of which 43 involved arteries and 12 involved veins. The most frequent mechanism of injury was gunshot (43.5%), the most frequent reason was aggression (57%). Of all arterial lesions, 27 were on upper limbs and 16 in the lower limbs. The most frequent type of lesion was complete section (61%), and the most frequent treatment was saphenous vein graft in the sectioned arteries in 40%. A total of 12 vein lesions were observed, half of them in each upper and lower limbs; complete section was the most common lesion (59%), and ligation was the repair method more used. Out of 30 patients who suffered arterial lesions and were treated promptly, 14 had no functional limitation, 13 had some degree of limitation and 3 were amputated. Conclusions: including selection of antimicrobials, dosing and dosing regimens, but most of the prescriptions are not based on microbiologic documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the presence of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the small intestine after ingestion the food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae O1. In particular, attenuated vaccines seem to be one of the most promising variants and for their approval, is necessary clinical evaluation. The Cuban Regulatory Agency, Center for State Control of Drugs, Medical Equipment and Devices (CECMED) has among the requirements the elimination the vaccine strain in clinical trial volunteers before being discharged. It is, therefore, necessary to determine the pattern of susceptibility to antimicrobial therapy used in vaccine strains under question. The aim of this investigation was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of V. cholerae vaccine strains and the following antimicrobial agents were used: Azithromycin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin and tested by three different methods: the semi-automated system DIRAMIC-10, the minimal inhibitory concentration and agar diffusion (Kirby Bauer). We analyzed nine strains of V. cholerae, which included the Cuban CV638 oral vaccine candidate as well as other three strains, obtained from a strain O139 serogroup. The results obtained by the three methods showed that the strains are sensitive to the antibiotics studied. Therefore, they could be used for decontamination of the vaccine strain in volunteers, submitted to clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, new food processing techniques have been developed. Since some of these techniques may require of the implementation of packages with special features, a new range of active packaging have been created to this needs. Antimicrobial packaging and protects the product from the external environment, inhibiting or slowing the growth of microorganisms in food. The main objective of this paper was to review the information in the literature on the different ranges of antimicrobial packaging and its mechanisms of action and new antimicrobial agents in the development of these packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some bacterial species such as Escherichia coli have tolerance features against oxygen reactive substance (ROS). One of the main products from oxidative damage to the DNA molecule in in vivo and in vitro is the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG), which could be used as a biological marker as result of such effect. The exposure of Prevotella to H2O2 in an atmosphere free of oxygen results in high levels of 8OHdG with a surviving rate of less than 1.0 %. In anaerobic bacteria of clinical importance, mainly in those of the genus Bacteroides it has been observed that an increasing of the 8OHdG correlates with a lower surviving rate. Some of the responses to oxidative stress have been found in B. fragilis and the genes involved in ROS detoxification mechanism and DNA repair are katB (catalase), sod (superoxide dismutase), ahpCF (alquil-hydroperoxide reductase) and dps (DNA unspecific binding proteins). In B. thetaiotaomicron recA- the sensitivity to oxygen is higher as compared with the wild type strain. It also shows higher resistance to metronidazol, one of the first choice antimicrobial used against anaerobic bacterial infections. The oxidative stress has a negative effect on Bacteroides growth, however a group of genes known as oxidative stress response (OSR) allow this bacterial genus a significant aerotolerance, therefore, higher virulence ability as to cause infection in humans. In this review, the mechanisms against the oxidative damage in the anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides are summarized. In addition, the protection events mentioned above are correlated with virulence of this anaerobe in human infections and with a possible relation with resistance to antimicrobials such as the metronidazol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antimicrobial activity of ozonated vegetable oils is usually attributed to the action of its peroxidic compounds on the most oxidation sensitive biomolecules, such as unsaturated lipids and proteins with sulfhydryl groups. S. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strains were used to characterize the in vitro activity of ozonated sunflower oil. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined based on National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (USA, 2000). A stable emulsion of OLEOZON® was prepared using Tween 80 and ultrasonic energy. Inactivation kinetics studies were performed applying 89 mg/mL of the antimicrobial agent and contact times of 1, 3, 10 and 30 minutes. In parallel to these studies variations in concentration of total sulfhydryl groups were determined by measuring the absorbance at 412 nm of the chromophoric product resulting from the reaction with DTNB (5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)). Values of minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations were lower for S. aureus than P. Aeruginosa. First order inactivation kinetics with respect to viable cells number were found in both cases. Determinations of SH groups concentration showed a significant decrease from the first minute of contact time with OLEOZON®, which was more accentuated for S. aureus, demonstrating that the oxidation of SH groups is one of the primary damages associated to the lethal effect of this medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen that has affected the meat and dairy industries and different alternatives have been investigated for its inhibition, between them, the silver nanoparticles (Ag- NPs), which are a promissory possibility and where the different variables of the synthesis process can affect the interaction between L. monocytogenesand Ag-NPs, changing their antimicrobial effect. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potential of Ag-NPs synthesized with Canna starch against L. monocytogenes. Additionally, reducing agent concentration and synthesis time were investigated. Methods: Different concentrations of Canna starch (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % W/V) were prepared and the green synthesis process was performed at 90 °C during 1, 6 and 12 h. Subsequently, the different Ag-NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The software Image J was used to obtain the average diameter of the particles. The Ag-NPs antimicrobial activity was performed using the agar diffusion test (ADT) for to select the best treatments, which in turn were evaluated by standard plate count method (SPCM). As control were used gentamicin sulfate 160 mg and sterile distilled water. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and, Tukey and Duncan mean comparison test. Results: The maximum and minimum absorbance by UV-visible, were 2.7185 at 406 nm (sample of 2 %/ 12 h), and 0.5742 at 410 nm (sample of 0.5 %/ 1 h), respectively. The average diameter of spherical Ag-NPs was between 6 to 21 nm. The antimicrobial activity evaluated with ADT showed the best inhibition for gentamicin, followed by Ag-NPs synthetized with 2 % starch / 1 h (32.8 %), Ag-NPs 0.5 %/ 12 h (20.2 %) and Ag-NPs 1 %/ 1 h (12.7 %). Furthermore, these treatments evaluated by SPCM, showed 100 % inhibition by Ag-NPs 0.5 %/ 12 h, followed by Ag-NPs 2 %/ 1 h and 1 %/ 1 h, which are over 99 % inhibition. Conclusions: The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was successful and their antimicrobial activity on L. monocytogenes was better for Ag-NPs 0.5%/ 12 h, causing total inhibition of the pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]