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Several species of filamentous fungi have the ability to synthesize highly toxic secondary metabolites named mycotoxins. Within this group there are aflatoxins, which are ubiquitous in food and extremely toxic to both humans and animals. For this reason, decontamination strategies based on physical, chemical, and biological procedures have been investigated and developed. Generally, physical strategies are highly effective, mainly with the use of adsorbent materials. Adsorbents are compounds with the ability to bind mycotoxins, thus limiting their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. However, one of the disadvantages of inorganic adsorbents is the sorption of micronutrients from the diet and/or the release of toxic components. Consequently, this review provides an overview of the aflatoxins and their effects on animals, as well the effectiveness of certain plant-derived materials for their adsorption. Finally, conclusions and future research needs are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La presencia de aflatoxinas en el ensilaje y en granos que se destinan para la alimentación de los rumiantes en lactación representa un problema para la salud animal y la inocuidad de la leche. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el contenido de aflatoxina B1 en alimentos consumidos por cabras procedentes de cuatro unidades de producción de leche caprina del altiplano mexicano (APM). Un total de 47 muestras de concentrados y 29 muestras de ensilados procedentes de cuatro unidades de producción de leche caprina del Altiplano Mexicano (APM). Se analizaron 47 muestras de concentrados y 29 muestras de ensilados por Cromatografía de Líquidos de Alta Resolución (HPLC), empleando una columna de fase reversa y detección por fluorescencia previa derivatización de las aflatoxinas. Los resultados mostraron que el 38.29 % y 31.02 % de las muestras de concentrados y ensilados respectivamente presentaron niveles de AFB1 superiores al límite máximo permisible establecido por la Unión Europea (UE) (0.05 µg/kg); mientras el 29.78 % y 10.34 % para concentrados y ensilados respectivamente presentaron valores superiores a los 20 µg/kg propuesto por la norma oficial mexicana. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran la problemática actual de la presencia de aflatoxinas en la alimentación de las cabras lactantes, al poder metabolizarse esta toxina en aflatoxina M1 y afectar la inocuidad de la leche y derivados de encontrarse la misma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cause of cancer related deaths every year. It's a neoplasia with an increasing incidence rate worldwide and it accounts 90% of primary hepatic tumors which makes it the most common of this kind of cancer. Research shows that HCC has many etiologies, and chronic exposure to micotoxins like aflatoxins, especallly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is produced by Aspergillus fungi, causes a mutation in codon 249, exon 7 of the P53 gene which leads to HCC. AFB1 can be found in contaminated food, like corn, rice and beans. A relationship between the consumption of these foods and HCC in has been established in countries in Asia and Africa. This paper work reviews existing information about the mechanisms of cancerigenicity of AFB1 which leads to the development of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to prove that the dietary supplementation of elagic acid (AE) or N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), attenuate the effects of an acute intoxication by aflatoxin B1 (AF B1). Three groups (ten chickens each one) were intoxicated by pure AFB1 (3.0 mg/kg BW, IP), and another three groups only received the vehicle (corn oil 2.0 mL/kg BW). Four days before was administrated control food, or the same diet plus AE (2.5 g/kg) or NAC (200 mg/kg Bw/6 h). The hepatic concentrations of glutathione (GSH), enzymatic specific activity of the glutathione S transferases (GST), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and hepatic total proteins on 24 hours AFB1 exposure were quantified. The results showed that both AE and NAC increases the GST and diminishes partially the effects in the AFB1 in the GSH. Which suggests that both substances could confer a protective effect in the AFB1 intoxicated birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)