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Inter-state economic and social convergence was analyzed in Mexico’s 32 states during the period 2005-2019. Absolute economic convergence was tested through real income and average real labor income and average hourly real labor income. The variables of life expectancy, survival rate, child survival rate and educational level of workers were used to test for absolute social convergence. In addition, using the spatial dependence technique, Moran’s I, it was found that economic variables related to labor income present a high level of spatial correlation. In contrast, only social variables such as life expectancy and the educational level of workers are spatially correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to show an econometric calibration through a model of simultaneous equations, using a sample made up of 213 monthly observations for the equations of: real GDP, and Credit from the Financial System in the Private Sector; between the periods of September 2003 and June 2021; that allows us to highlight the codependency of the variables mentioned above, through the use of other variables such as: monetary policy reference rate, liquidity of the financial system, CPI for food and energy, market capitalization, placement of corporate bonds, exports of copper and privatization of the operations of the Central Government. The econometric results show that there are consistent estimators for the first equation (of real GDP) at 95% confidence, taking into account the level of significance of the possible autocorrelation of the errors thanks to the applied tests. However, it does not turn out to be the same case for the second equation (related to credit), since these tests reveal the existence of a positive serial correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicaciones en Estadística is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital Elevation Models improve accuracy in terrain analysis. This work compared different interpolation methods using statistical criteria in a topographic survey of 339 points raised with a total station in the "San Juan de Lagunillas" area (Venezuela). The existence of a significant trend process with spatial autocorrelation modeled by an isotropic Gaussian semivariogram was documented. The kriging allowed to obtain residuals less than a minimum tolerable error equal to 0.1 m. The residual kriging was the best evaluated in cross validation with exclusion (absolute mean error of 0.71 m). The disjunctive kriging showed a lower error average but a wider error range and the highest mean absolute error (12.8 m). The other kriging showed mean error variance greater than 1.3 m and absolute minimum errors greater than 0.85 m. Due to the high dependence on the model specification form, graphics are recommended for a better fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban environmental sustainability implies qualitatively reaching an environmental, socioeconomic, and institutional level that enables the balanced long-term operation of a city. This analysis is relevant given that cities concentrate the majority of the world's population and are the home of fundamental economic and social activities - and that cities also suffer environmental problems. The detection of a spatial pattern and distribution of sustainability is of interest to researchers and political and social agents for understanding the phenomenon and its possible solution by facilitating the delimitation and characterisation of the least sustainable areas of a city. The Urban Environmental Sustainability Index was prepared with 35 indicators that cover the three dimensions of sustainability, and apply spatial analysis techniques (spatial autocorrelation and cluster analysis) to the megalopolis of Mexico City. The index was validated and revealed an unequal distribution of levels of sustainability that decreased from central to exterior municipalities. A significant positive spatial association and clusters of high sustainability in the metropolitan centres and low sustainability in peripheral areas was found. The application of spatial correlation analysis techniques of the bivariate type is proposed to detect possible explanatory factors for sustainability in subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Gerenciales is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Box-Jenkins methodology was used to select an ARMA model to forecast beef production in Baja California, Mexico. The series of bovine carcasses processed monthly in the state's slaughterhouses between 2003 and 2010 was used. Because the inspection of the series graph and correlogram did not determine a stationary behavior, an augmented Dickey-Fuller test was performed and it was found that the series was stationary. As a result of identification procedure, an AR (1) and an ARMA (2, 1) models were selected and estimated using ordinary least squares. The estimated models were compared using the significance of the regression coefficient and the Akaike information and Schwartz Bayesian criteria. A diagnostic check was done examining the goodness of fit of the models by plotting the residuals; the Q statistic was used to test for autocorrelation. Because the results were similar, a predictive efficacy evaluation of two models was carried out using a group of forecast error statistics. The result of these tests indicated that the ARMA (2,1) had a better forecasting capability, this was supported by plotting together a forecasted series with the actual series and the out-of sample prediction for January of 2011. The results support the use of ARMA models to obtain reliable short term forecasts of beef production in Baja California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that spatial distribution in sectors of an economy is not always a consequence of regional externalities. The behavior of twenty three sectors of Sonora economy is analyzed considering first its spatial distribution and later the influence of the space in such distribution. To achieve it, Moran's I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association methods were applied. A high concentration or spatial specialization it is observed, as well as a very low spatial correlation. These results allow us to conclude that the location of the analyzed sectors does not respond to regional externalities, but rather to economies of urbanization or some other non- regional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo, el autor cuestiona la creencia de que la sola existencia de un dato inicial de información asimétrica justifica la existencia de un sistema de protección al consumidor orientado a superarlo. Por el contrario, se plantean evidencias de que el propio mercado desarrolla mecanismos que evitan que surja un real "problema" susceptible de respuesta, mediante reglas legales o políticas públicas. Así, se argumenta que el sistema de protección al consumidor debe tener una naturaleza excepcional, dados los incentivos de los actores de mercado, para revelar información y atendiendo al modo en que el desarrollo de las tecnologías y la fluidez de las comunicaciones tienden a relativizar los modelos tradicionalmente empleados para justificar la existencia de un problema susceptible de solución legal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the literature on the statistical design of control charts for autocorrelated data and presents approaches proposed by several authors over the last 20 years, according to three categories. The first one relates to residuals-based control charts, the second corresponds to modified control charts and models based on original observations that aim at reducing the complexity of residuals-based control charts. The last category briefly reviews data mining techniques applied to correlated statistical processes. In addition, future research areas are identified to support researchers interested in this line of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monthly groundwater level time series of six monitoring boreholes of groundwater sector named MI-5, from Matanzas province, Cuba, were analysed applying several statistics techniques by using software STATISTICA. The best regression equations were determined for each monitoring station. Five types of trends were determined of which the step and linear trends were the most common. The memory effect and the regulation time of the aquifer were examined by means of seasonal analysis using the autocorrelation function; this analysis defined four types of aquifer flow systems. The seasonal patterns of the time series were examined by means of spectral analysis and the monitoring frequencies were defined. The general results showed a wrong management of the groundwater resources for the period 2003-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New precision agriculture technologies allow collecting information from several variables at many georeferenced locations within crop fields. The spatial covariation of soil properties and crop yield data can be evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). Nevertheless, PCA has not been explicitly developed for spatial data as other multivariate descriptive methods. Other multivariate techniques that include spatial autocorrelation among data of neighborhood sites have been recently developed. In this paper, we apply and compare two multivariate analyses, PCA and spatially constrained multivariate analysis methods (MULTISPATI-PCA). The latter incorporates the spatial information into multivariate analysis calculating Moran's index between the data at one location and the mean values of its neighbors. The results showed that MULTISPATI-PCA detected relations in the data that were not detected with PCA. The mapping of spatial variability from the first principal component was similar between PCA and MULTISPATI-PCA, but maps from the second component were different due to the variance correction by spatial autocorrelation. MULTISPATI- PCA method represents a crucial tool to map spatial variability within a field, and to identify homogeneous zones in a multivariate sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research deal with the modeling an analysis of a continuous soft-drinks bottling process by a multivariate approach based on the 3-Way PLS. For this purpose the process behavior was studied, related to a set of off-processing, transitions grades and/or abnormal star-ups, detected in four month process period. A total of 1938 cases were investigated, measuring 8 process variables. Finally, the process was modeled, filtering the high grade of autocorrelation and cross-correlation within the studied variables (particularly T1, T2 and T3). Thereby, the responsible variables for that behavior were detected; thus the effect and grade of disturbance over the process behavior and final product were estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research we examine the behaviour of five univariate statistics for analyzing the data of a Split-Plot design. Four of them assume that the dispersion matrix underlying is not spherical. However, they do so with a clear distinction between two alternatives, insofar as two of them presuppose that the correlation between the data does not have a certain structure and other two assume that there exists firstorder serial autocorrelation. All of them were compared with regard to their robustness to test the sources of variation within-subject (treatment and interaction) under non-normality in the absence of sphericity, both when there was first-order serial autocorrelation and when the underlying correlation was arbitrary. The results show that when the distribution is non-normal symmetric all the procedures show a Type I error rate similar to the obtained one under normal distribution. As the degree of skewness and kurtosis increases, all the procedures experience an alteration in their estimation of the Type I error rate and that it depends on the structure of covariance matrix underlying in the data. In the set of conditions submitted to study the most robust procedures were HCH, JN and LEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Following Bobenrieth (2004) who establishes the importance that the commodity storage model has acquired in a growing number of theoretical and empirical papers, this article contributes with a study of the sensitivity of the estimated parameters and the implications that a more accurate method to estimate the harvest process's distribution would have, especially in the case when the size of the sample is increasing. Deaton and Laroque (1995, 1996) conclude that the commodity price model with rational expectations and competitive storage is unable to explain the high degree of autocorrelation of prices when the production process is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Furthermore, the article written by Cafiero et al. (2009) concludes that when the accuracy of the estimation is improved by using a finer grid, the storage model explains the autocorrelation of prices in five of the thirteen commodities considered by Deaton and Laroque (1995, 1996). Additionally, if the model also considers the presence of a positive marginal cost of storage, Gustafson (1958) argues that the levels of autocorrelation in prices are explained for seven commodities. This paper estimates the storage model considering the Gauss-Hermite quadrature for the discretization of the distribution that characterizes the harvest, following the estimating methodology model of Cafiero et al. (2009) for annual data of real prices of sugar, in different time periods. The paper concludes that the use of Gauss-Hermite quadrature produces no significant changes in the magnitudes of the estimated parameters and the conclusion of Cafiero et al. (2009) for the model's ability to explain the autocorrelation of prices and profits is maintained, in all periods considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad & Ciencia is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In improving the quality achieved in the process of ground Sugar Company "Melanio Hernandez," was outstanding detecting potential improvement taking into account the reduction in variability in the process. This background suggests a procedure for the implementation of control stages of industrial process from sugar cane in Cuba, which scientific novelty lies in the development of a strategy adjustment and regulation according to the dynamic characteristics of the industrial process, using the exponential smoothing and feedback control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptation criteria and processing of Ultrasonic Doppler signal employed in Fetal Heart Detector are presented, starting from the use of D87C51 microcontroller. In the same way, the characteristics of the autocorrelation algorithm optimized as well as the obtained results are shown. Additionally, for the sake of reducing consumption, volume and material resources, the advantages derived of the employment of the new generation DS87C550 microcontroller are considered. It's completely compatible with the previously used and introduces new possibilities in the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the inertia momentum of the temporal history of the dynamic speckle (THDS) co-occurrence's matrix, which allows for the estimation of some types of physical phenomena and certain degree of prediction regarding their future evolution. It also demonstrates some methods used in non destructive testing that characterize biological and industrial specimen.

In this article is exposed an algorithm that allows to diminish, substantially, the number of operations that are usually required to carry out the estimation of the value of a variable, starting from the known values of the same, in a group of points of the space or the plane. The algorithm can be used to accelerate estimation by Kriging, or by the autocorrelation functions method, and permit, therefore, greater speed in the generation of maps and other associated calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]