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This text reports on the results of research on a topic rarely addressed in the historiography of the relations between the Church and the Mexican State in the 19th century: the actions of the Catholic hierarchy to counteract the effects of the loss of material goods due to of the reformist laws promoted by the liberal governments after the triumph of the Ayutla revolution in 1855. In the following lines we will analyze the spirit and objective of these measures, the actions undertaken by the bishops of Veracruz, in the indicated period, in order to recover part of those expropriated assets and resources and some of the cases that could be analyzed, temporarily located in the era of the restored republic and the Porfiriato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the period of the religious conflict in Mexico (1926-1929), the Episcopate was composed by 38 bishops, many of them expelled by the Mexican government or living outside Mexico for the sake of their own security; the main group lived in the United States. How was the reaction of Mexican bishops to the religious conflict? Did all of them support the armed people who fighted against a government which proclaimed itself a religious persecutor? In this article we'll see that the Episcopate didn't react in an uniform way. It created two fractions: those who were in favor to the armed movement and those who considered the armed movement as absolutely useless; instead, they considered useful to reach at one political solution with the Mexican government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]