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Copyright of Nursing Notes. Notas de Enfermería is the property of Sanatorio Allende and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comprendre: Revista Catalana de Filosofía is the property of Herder Editorial S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infant colic is defined by the Rome IV Criteria as prolonged and recurrent periods of crying, irritability, discomfort, restlessness or fussing, reported by the caregiver with no apparent cause and without being able to prevent or resolve them. In a recent meta-analysis according to the Rome IV Criteria, the prevalence of infant colic was 3.0%. The current study was carried out in private and public pediatric consultations, where the Questionnaire for Pediatric Digestive Symptoms of the Rome IV Criteria was applied. Of the 633 children who were included, 26.1% presented some DGBIs and 7.4% of children under 5 months presented infantile colic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Endoxa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Escritura e Imagen is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Pensamiento Americano is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Americana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emmanuel Lévinas has developed his ethics of otherness from a vision of subjectivity as language and proximity. This article investigates the notion of truth as inspiration proposed by Lévinas, which is presented as an alternative to the classical conception of truth as unveiling and representation. Methodologically, the Levinasian work is analyzed, especially Otherwise than being or beyond essence, reaching the conclusion that the inspired and prophetic subjectivity, the Other in the same that calls for responsibility, opens the horizon of a truth that is not adequacy but teaching and restlessness. The truth does not emerge as a cognitive activity of the individual subject, but is born in ethical praxis as an inspiration to responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes a historical period—the first years after the end of the First World War—that was deeply marked by the way in which different actors in American society reacted to the propaganda activities of radical movements. Specifically, it looks at how the battle against radicalism was fought in Washington D.C. and New York. Methodology: The article follows the traditional historiographic method of analysis and contextualization of primary sources. Archival documentation has been collected at the New York State Archives and the National Archives and Records Administration, while newspaper material was consulted in the United States Library of Congress. Originality: When academic literature addresses the issue of radical propaganda during the first years of the interwar period, the main objective is usually to study the repression campaigns organized by legislators and the Department of Justice. This research focuses on the interaction between political leaders and other actors in American society at the time: officials, journalists, ordinary citizens, among others. Conclusions: The anxiety generated in certain sectors of the population by the dissemination of radical propaganda was constantly stimulated by politicians in search of visibility. Thus, citizen restlessness turned into a feeling of blind anger towards those who spread the doctrines of radical movements. There existed a climate of strong enthusiasm around these repression campaigns as well. The sudden extinction of this phenomenon was due to the fact that these inquisitorial campaigns were ultimately perceived by many citizens as “anti-American” initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of intranasal administration of 5mg haloperidol on mild-moderate agitated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in an acute psychiatry unit setting. Method. Design: Pilot study of clinical trial, phase IV, open-label, observer-blind, single-center, randomized a haloperidol-controlled trial comparing intranasal with intramuscular administration. Subjects: 16 patients; 7 intranasal administration, and 9 intramuscular administration. Efficacy measurement: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC); Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale (CGI). Safety measurement: Changes in the ECG registered 5 minutes pre-treatment and 5 minutes post-treatment. Results. Intranasal administration showed more quick action compared with intramuscular on the PANSS-EC (p=0.042) and CGI (p=0.041) 10 minutes after administration, with similar efficacy up to 20, 30, and 60 minutes. There were no significant differences between QTc baseline and post-treatment. Conclusion. Intranasal haloperidol was a rapid, effective, and well-tolerated alternative for reducing acute mild-moderate agitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The present study aims to validate the Spanish version of the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). Material and methods The original scale in English was adapted into Spanish (Argentina) by 2 translators. Diagnostic and Psychometric properties of both subscales (the 14 signs screening tool and the 23 signs of the BFCRS) were assessed in inpatients (n=42. 24 catatonic and 18 non-catatonic), of a University Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Patients were previously evaluated for catatonia using DSM-5 criteria and then were appraised with the Spanish version of BFCRS. Results Using BFCSI and BFCRS, clinical discrimination between catatonic and non-catatonic patients showed significant difference. Kappa interrater agreement was obtained with different cut-off values. When using a cut-off value ≥ 2 (suggested by the original authors) Kappa index was 0,6202. With cut-off values ≥3 and ≥4 Kappa indexes were 0,95 and 0,81 respectively. A BFCSI cut-off value ≥ 3, an instrument sensitivity of 83,33% and a specificity of 88,89, was achieved, using DSM- 5 criteria as referenced test. A cut-off ≥ 3 has and exact value of ROC AREA of 0,8611 (+- 0,0544);CI95%:(0,75444- 0,96778). BFCRS (23 signs) showed a Rho spearman's correlation of 0,9443. In addition, DSM-5 and BFCSI showed a Rho Spearman's correlation of 0,8002. Conclusion: Like the original version, the Argentinian Spanish version of BFCRS shows high validity, reliability, and inter-rater reliability indexes for detecting cases of catatonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is not about the Pascalian apology of Christianity, not at least for its own sake, but about what that restless subject, lacking in infinity, whose name is Blaise Pascal, might tell us about the relationship between restlessness and desire. We are also interested in Pascal because his texts, in their fragmentation, allow us to think about the aporias of a subject that we call--by force of academic, but also political habit--modern, conveying under that term a time where God has been present, mostly, as a lack thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicoespacios is the property of Institucion Universitaria de Envigado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Spanish Civil War had major political, social and economic consequences for Portugal, whose government acted as if the war were a domestic affair. Faced with the destabilizing contagion of the Second Spanish Republic, General Franco became the great hope for the Salazar regime, a strategic ally of the Spanish insurgents. In this context, the Portuguese Church, very close to Salazarism, supported the coup d'état against the Spanish Government by staging campaigns of anti-Communist agitation and legitimization of the Franco regime. By using documentary and newspaper sources, the main objective of this article is to describe and analyze some of the most relevant aspects of Portuguese Catholic propaganda between 1936 and 1939. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the democratic history of Mexico during 1821-1861. Topics discussed here include, advent of representative government as an alternative modern democracy; political phenomena like crowds, agitation, and public outbursts as a part of democracy; and French revolution in 19th century.

Objectives: To estimate the overall mortality and mortality related to types of weaning from mechanical ventilation as well as to describe factors related to failure in weaning in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: An observational study was carried-out among 147 patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilations who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure to the intensive care unit of Hospital Cayetano Heredia in 2014. Results: overall mortality in weaned patients was 27%; higher mortality (42%) was observed among those with prolonged weaning, followed by those with difficult weaning (29%) and simple weaning (15%, p=0.039). The overall mortality increased with longer stay at ICU and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Factors related to failure in achieving weaning were low level of conscience (Glasgow coma score <8) and agitation (p=0,018). Conclusions: Prolonged weaning was associated to increased mortality in patients on mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory failure. Factors related to weaning failure were related to the level of conscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Agitation is a common problem in psychiatric care with serious clinical and economic consequences. Methodology. The aim of the study was to define and characterize the agitation states present in usual medical practice in the acute and emergency units of a psychiatric hospital. Two nominal groups, one with 7 nurses and the other with 10 psychiatrists from the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, were established. Results. The nurses described two main states forming the endpoints of a spectrum: from mild (pre-agitation) to severe (agitation). A third state was outlined in which agitation was characterized by disorganized behavior problems. Various care packages were described for each agitation state. The care packages were divided into first, second and third line approaches. The first line approaches (i.e., verbal containment) were used on every (pre)agitated patient. If the first line approach was not effective, the second and third line approaches were implemented, culminating with physical restraint. The psychiatrists described 3 states: a mild initial state (anxiety and irritability), moderate (pre-agitation without aggressiveness) and a severe state of agitation with aggressiveness and/or violence. Conclusions. In order to avoid progression to a severely agitated state, both groups agreed on the importance of appropriate verbal containment for all states. This would be followed by environmental measures, medication and mechanical restrain depending on the severity of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back in time, hearing about the death of a woman after being deprived of her liberty and sexually violated seemed to be an isolated case in which the circumstances had "encouraged" that event. The quantity and frequency of such events forced to give a specific signifier for this specific signified: femicide. The study was lead by a social and psychological interest in the way that femicides influence in attitude and emotions of the women from Juárez, specifically in the levels of anxiety. The objective of this article is to show the results of the mentioned study. With the aim to establish the relationship between the attitude towards femicides and the anxiety, the research was conducted with two groups, the psychology students group (n=181) and the maquila workers group (n=186), who were asked to participate by using two measurement instruments (Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado e Inventario de Actitud hacia los feminicidios), which allowed: a) to determine the relationship between anxiety (trait-state) and attitude towards femicide in each group, b) the correlation between those levels, and c) to establish a comparison between the results of each group. There were not significant differences between groups in the attitude towards femicides, however, there was a significant difference in the highest levels of anxiety trait-state presented in the maquila workers compared to the levels of anxiety trait-state in the psychology students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agora de Enfermeria is the property of Agora de Enfermeria SRL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the phenomenological interpretation of St. Augustine's Confessions X by Heidegger. It argues that Augustine is a phenomenologist avant la lettre when he proposes "practicing truth in the heart" as a criterion of self-knowledge. This is more than a counsel, is a criterion of truth and for the truth, that comes back again and again throughout the book X. Heidegger, however, underestimates the Augustinian thought for too Greek. The two axes of their reading are: a) the Augustinian resistance to reduce the vital experience to a system of concepts; b) the exhibition of the factual life as insecurity, restlessness, existential opening to God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgenderism is an emergent phenomenon. Thus there are few psychological assessment instruments. The aim of this paper is to show to the community of practitioners of clinical psychology and social intervention a tool in order to facilitate this task. A brief introduction to the phenomenon of transsexualism and psychological evaluation in this field is made. This almost always focuses generally on the diagnosis or other personality variables (like personality traits, depression, anxiety...). Later, the main problems that may happen while the transsexual processing are addressed. These problems are a real or potential source of psychological conflicts. Then, the behavioral assessment which is largely forgotten in this area is briefly described. Finally it's proposed a new tool. The main result is the Interview Guide for the Functional Analysis of behavioral sequences (IGFABS). It's concluded with the need for more behavioral assessment in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study we assess and compare self-concept in maltreated children and in children without this characteristic. Sample: 185 Argentinean school children 7 to 12 year-old (91 victims of maltreatment and 94 children not subjected to maltreatment). Assessment instrument: Cuestionario de Autoconcepto para niños (Valdéz Medina, 1994). We observed that in real self-concept maltreated children felt significantly more romantic, restless, nice and unruly, compared to children without those problems. In ideal self-concept maltreated children felt significantly more restless and nice than their peers. Results will be a contribution for the design of programs to promote self-concept in children under risk of maltreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamental and Objective: Psychological impairment is frequent in patients with rheumatic diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with psoriatic arthritis attending rheumatology clinics. Patients and method: Multicentre cross-sectional study conducted in rheumatology clinics. Patients with psoriatic arthritis were recruited; variables retrieved were sociodemographic, clinical and patient centered (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale o HADs, EQ-5D questionnaire, etc.). Prevalence in the study population was calculated as anxiety or depression symptoms by an HADs score ≥11 or those receiving pharmacological treatment. A logistics regression model was used to know which variables were related to symptoms of anxiety or depression. Results: A total of 495 patients were included, 42.8% were women and median (SD) age was 50.4 (12.7) years. Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety were 29.7% and prevalence of symptoms of depression was 17,6%. Patients with anxiety or depression symptoms had all EQ-5D dimensions affected (p<0.01). Higher prevalence of anxiety was related to being a woman, a mixed onset pattern with respect to peripheral joints and those treated with DMARD alone with respect to DMARD+NSAID or biologic alone. A higher depression prevalence was related to being a woman and a mixed onset pattern with respect to peripheral joints. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and the prevalence of depression symptoms are high among patients suffering psoriatic arthritis in the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some patients admitted due to psychotic symptoms and diagnosed as schizophrenic or bipolar first episode present in fact acute encephalitis. Objective: to identify the frequency of two diagnostic errors in patients with acute encephalitis and/or psychotic disorders: type I error, or false positive (in a subject without brain infection a lumbar puncture is made), and type II error, or false negative (a subject without brain infection is not recognized and lumbar puncture is delayed). Patients and methods: a retrospective, observational study with clinic files audit was done in cases attended between 1990-2005 at a neurological institution, WITH diagnosis of acute encephalitis or first psychotic episode (without infection). Results: 125 cases of acute encephalitis and 104 cases of first psychotic episode were included. Type I error (false positive) was observed in 46% of the pure psychotic subjects. Type II error (false negative) was observed in 26% of subjects with encephalitis, most of them attended in other psychiatric hospitals, with development of medical complications. Most subjects with encephalitis meet criteria for a DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis: delirium (68%), psychotic disorder (8.8%), impulse control disorder (5.6%), catatonia (3.2), sleep disorder (1.6%). Conclusions: diagnostic errors are common in the differential diagnosis between first onset primary psychotic disorders and acute encephalitis, probably due to the high frequency of mental disorders in subjects with brain infections. There is a lack of precise clinical criteria for the indication of lumbar puncture in subjects with acute mental disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Patterns of use of antipsychotics are not well described in emergency units. The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness and safety of use of olanzapine in patients with acute psychosis and agitation in the emergency rooms. Methods. In this prospective observational study 278 patients with acute psychosis and agitation were consecutively admitted in 16 psychiatric emergency wards and treated with any oral psychopharmacology treatment, including olanzapine, according to investigators clinical criteria. Data were collected prospectively including demographics, diagnosis, concomitant medications, utilization of mechanical restraints, and severity of agitation. Clinical evolution during emergency room stay was assessed with PANSS-Excitement Component, CGI-S, and Agitation and Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) at baseline, before any re-intervention (if needed) and at discharge from the emergency room. Safety was also evaluated. Results. Olanzapine alone was used in 148 (53.2%) patients. Most of them (77.7 %) were diagnosed of schizophrenia and related psychoses. Up to 38 patients (25.7%) required mechanical restraints. Mean change (confidence interval [CI] 95%) from baseline to discharge was significant in all rating scales; PANSS-EC: -7.46 (-8.2, -6.7); CGI-S: -1.82 (-2, -1.6); ACES: 1.28 (1.1, 1.5). At discharge 70.3% of patients went to inpatient units. Five patients (3.4 %) reported adverse events including: bradycardia, dry mouth, sedation, hypertension, hypotension, and orthostatic hypotension. None of them was serious. Conclusions. The utilization of olanzapine alone decreased agitation in psychotic patients in emergency room settings. Incidence of adverse events was low and it was well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo analiza el problema de inquietud crónica, enfocando en la acatisia. Se presenta información sobre la prevalecía, diagnóstico, factores de riesgo y tratamiento de la enfermedad. Se dan detalles sobre las características de acatisia y también sobre el uso de antipsicóticos.

Lifshitz has documented that conceptualization of old age is influenced by stereotypes. Milligan, Powell, Harley and Furchtgott, made evident that elderly people with poor health have a tendency to see themselves as the stereotype of an "old person", whereas those with better health tend to see themselves as younger people. Lasher and Faulkender have stressed the importance of anxiety in the process of getting old as an important factor adjusting to themselves. Lack of adjustment may manifest in four main dimensions: physical, psychological and social, and transpersonal or spiritual. These four dimensions are synthesized in three specific fears: 1. Fear of the process of aging, 2. fear of the state of being old, and 3. fear or anxiety facing old people. Based on this theoretical frame, the authors developed the Anxiety about Aging Scale, and Watkins, Coates and Ferroni pointed out the need to adapt it in order to apply it on elderly people. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the original Lasher and Faulkender scale, as well as presenting an adapted version for Mexican elderly people. Method Two independent samples of elder adults were used (n=234 and n=151) selected by availability within a government health clinic; on average, they were 63 years old. The original Lasher and Faulkender scale was translated into Spanish following a double blind procedure, using Likert type answer options with four alternatives. Two questionnaires were used, which included the original scale (EAE-O), in one, and the adapted scale (EAE-A) in the other, as well as the sub-scale of attitude facing one's own aging of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, APE (2), and the Suicidal Ideational Scale (EIS), designed by Roberts (3). Additionally, interviewees were asked: «If you should have to set an age, forgetting a little about what doctors and people say, at what age would you consider that you really start to be "Old"?» and at what age do you think one would get "very old"? The scales were applied to subjects who agreed voluntarily to participate in an anonymous and informed way. Resulting data were analyzed with the system SPSS, v. 11.0. Factorial structure. A factorial analysis with varimax rotation and eigen values greater than 1 produced the following results: EAEO: The structure obtained was compounded by three factors that explained 53.1% of the variance with Cronbach's alpha of .74 (Fear facing one's own aging, Positive attitude towards old people and Optimism facing one's own aging). EAE-A: The analysis shed a factorial structure compounded by four factors that explained 60.8% of the variance with a general internal alpha consistency of .76 (Positive attitude towards old people, Fear of physical changes, Age and satisfaction with the self and life, and Age and dissatisfaction with the self and life). Concurrent validity. EAE-O. The correlation among the total punctuations of the EAE-O and APE was moderate and significant (r=.481, p<.000). The factors Fear facing one's own aging and Optimism facing one's own aging of the EAE-O, calculated here, obtained a moderate association with the total punctuation of the APE (r=.423, p<.000; r=.333, p<.000, respectively), and the factor of Positive attitude facing old people reported a very low association and no significant (r=.075, p=.252). As expected, the two factors of the APE that seem to evaluate positive and negative attitudes facing aging obtained moderate associations and significant with the two scales of the EAE-O that seem to evaluate the same attitudes (Optimism facing one's own aging, r=.415, p<.000; and Fear facing one's own aging, r=.424, p<.000, respectively). Consequently, a very low association was obtained when relating it with the opposite factor (v.gr. negative vs. positive). EAE-A.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It agrees to specify that the nerves are an old biomedical taxonomy of the disease, whose slight knowledge has been elaborated in popular contexts. Today, it is a present disease in many western societies that express a way of the suffering. Objective: This study is centered in exploring the impact of 11-S in the nerves of the Mexican immigrants who live in the United States. Methodology: It is directed by the tradition of the anthropology of the disease. It leans in the original materials, collected in the park of the mountain (Illinois, the United States). The field work was lead from September of 2001 to February of 2002 between users of the «Latin Program» of the Agency «service of the family of South Lake County». The data come from interviews gathered in depth to qualified informers. Three main dimensions were considered in the methodology and work plan. First, episode of the towers's impact in every day life of Mexican immigrants, the way in which their health was affected, and how the nerves were originated and declared. Secondly, it considers of particular form some questions like the uncertainty on their future and the fear, bound not only to the possibilities of new attacks but also related to the internal changes and the federal policies. At a third moment, it was explored how the Mexican identity was redefined as a result of the attack. Results: They offer the data that the nervous suffering between Mexican immigrants regarding political violence basically does not defer from the manifestations and etiological theories indicated by numerous authors in relation to diverse social groups, cultural and ethnic in previous works. Conclusions: It express the importance of the social context and political generated from the attacks it worsens the experiences of nerves between the Mexican population. In short, the sensation of imminent danger does not only reveals the fear to new terrorist acts but the consequences are also repeated that the decision of the country entails to initiate combat operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Psychomotor agitation is a common event in psychiatric emergency services (PES) with a prevalence of approximately 10 %. There is no general consensus on to how to manage psychomotor agitation; benzodiazepines, typical antipsychotics and now atypical antipsychotics have demonstrated similar efficacy. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical management of agitation in «real-life» in a psychiatric emergency service. Methods. A naturalistic study was performed in acutely agitated patients recruited consecutively in a psychiatric emergency service. Demographics, clinical and therapeutic characteristics were analyzed. Efficacy was assessed by the Excitement Component of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC) and the Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES). Pragmatic variables such as the need for second pharmacological intervention and the need for physical restraints were assessed. Results. The study included 100 patients with psychomotor agitation. Mean age was 36.2 % and 54% were women. The most prevalent diagnoses were psychotic disorder (48 %) and personality disorder (24 %). Physical restraint was required in 39 % of patients and 52 % accepted oral treatment. Haloperidol was the most frequent oral treatment and olanzapine was the most frequent intramuscular treatment. Conclusions. A naturalistic approach provides data based on clinical reality in psychiatric emergency services. Strict research designs of clinical trials of efficacy imply sample selection biases and are generally distanced from the clinical reality. Atypical antipsychotics have become the first-line treatment in acute agitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Letras (0326-3363) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review is focused on aggressive behavior in adult patients with major mental disorders. Aggression, agitation, and hostility are defined. The roles of intramuscular forms of ziprasidone and olanzapine in the treatment of acute agitation and aggression are discussed. We review general considerations pertaining to persistent aggression in inpatients and outpatients, including comorbidity of major mental disorders with substance use disorders and personality disorders. The role of clozapine as an antiaggressive agent is well established, particularly in inpatients. Evidence also exists for the efficacy of risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole. Anticonvulsants and lithium are widely used with the intent to control aggression, but their efficacy lacks strong evidential support. Benzodiazepines have a role in controlling acute agitation, but their long-term use for persistent aggression is not recommended. There is evidence for antiaggressive effects of SSRIs and hormonal agents with antiandrogenic properties. Beta-adrenergic blockers and electroconvulstive treatment are rarely used in clinical practice to control aggression, but they may be effective. The heterogeneity of aggressive behavior is a challenge for developing rational treatments. Emerging genetic findings hold a promise of future treatments of aggressive behavior developed on the basis of individual patients' genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research work was carried out with the purpose of determining the singularities of anxiety in 7-9 year old children with neurotic disorders. A whole set of psychological tests was used for this. The sample was made up of 20 scholars from Villa Clara, divided into two groups-one study group and a control group (or witness). The study group was formed by 10 children with neurotic disorders, while the control group was formed by 10 apparently healthy scholars. During five working sessions it was applied a set of techniques, which were indistinctly given to both children and relatives and teachers as well, for collecting the required information. The analysis of the results from the quantitative standpoint was made through the statistical package SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) by using parametric and non-parametric tests. At the same time emphasis was made on the qualitative interpretation of the collected information. The results allowed the identification of distinguishing characteristics in the study group of affective, cognitive, somatic, motor and behavioral symptoms. Tending to organize and with an insidious setting associated with the presence of vital negative contingencies. Finally, remarks and recommendations were suggested to professionals who presently give psychological treatment children with this kind of disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]