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Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Voces de la Educacion is the property of Voces de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the encoding and categorisation of placement events by preschool and adult speakers of L1 Spanish as well as Danish learners of L2 Spanish. Placement events are situations where some type of agent causes an object to move to a specific location. Previous research has shown that, despite being everyday and ubiquitous situations that are encoded in any language in the world, the speakers of these languages differ in the categorisation of these events; that is, they pay attention to different semantic aspects when describing this type of situation (Kopecka and Narasimhan, 2012). In Spanish, placement events are organised around three semantic components: Intentionality (caerse ‘to fall’, dejar ‘to leave on a place’), Force Dynamics (tirar ‘to throw’) and the topological configuration of the place of destination or Ground (meter ‘to put into’). This article shows that these conceptual patterns are prominent and prototypical in adult and preschool L1 Spanish speakers’ usage, but absent in L2 Spanish learners’ use. Data, elicited from the «PUT task» tool (Bowerman y otros 2004), come from 54 informants: 40 native speakers of Spanish (Aragon variety): 10 adults (ages 18-44) and 30 children (10 for each course of Preschool Education; ages 3;6 - 5;14) and 14 native speakers of Danish with Spanish as a second language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing theoretical and descriptive studies have already highlighted the importance of the age factor as a decisive element in learning a foreign language. This is because the neurobiological system of individuals, from birth to adulthood, is exposed to different processes that affect the voice system, the maturation of the memory, the cognitive component, the ability to associate linguistic forms with conceptual content, etc. For these reasons, the preparation of the teaching material must consider the characteristics of the learners the material aims for. The present work seeks to contrast the results of the Spanish learning process as L2 of two groups: the first group consists of children between 15 and 16, and the second consists of adults between 19 and 26 years old. We pretend to quantify the advantages and disadvantages in the framework of the skills and sub-abilities of each age range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Literatura y Lingüística is the property of Universidad Catolica Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zona Próxima is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contabilidad y Dirección is the property of ACCID and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contabilidad y Dirección is the property of ACCID and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public administration is a rational, technical, legal and permanent activity executed by the State, in the same way, with the objective of planning, organizing, directing, controlling and evaluating the management and use of public resources. In such a way, that due to the current coronavirus disease 2029, situation that is going through not only Ecuador but the entire world, many companies have been affected in terms of public procurement processes, where these processes have been investigated with the purpose of contributing to their improvement. Next, the objective of this research was to design a special examination of the processes of acquisition of goods and services from the rural parish decentralized autonomous government "Bellavista". To comply with it, three tools were used to obtain data, these were: expert analysis, bibliographic review and interview. Established favorable results were obtained which were analyzed through consistency methods such as the alpha coefficient of cronbach. Likewise, the ordinal association between quantities measured was measured using Kendall's correlation coefficient. The established results allowed us to reach conclusions in order to design a special exam that will help to verify operational processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forma y Funcion is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and goal: Learning and motivational processes have been central for a modern understanding of tobacco addiction. There is evidence that supports the importance of incentive motivational processes for the maintenance of tobacco addiction. The main goal of the present experiment was to evaluate the effects of acute nicotine on the incentive value of a natural reward, (food) paired with an environmental cue (pressing lever). Method: Wistar rats were used. Accute nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) was administered on key sessions, using a pavlovian autoshaping procedure involving ten acquisition and four extinction sessions. The experimental design included three groups, a saline administration control group and groups with specific nicotine administration during either acquisition or extinction. Results: We found that acute administration of nicotine, in contrast with saline only or previous nicotine administration during acquisition, had an enhancing effect on responding for the environmental cue during autoshaping extinction, but we did not find evidence that acute nicotine affected acquisition performance. Conclusion: Our results are consistent with a role of nicotine enhancing the incentive value of stimuli during extinction from a pavlovian autoshaping task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Error and its correction in the process of second language learning continues to be a topic of debate among specialists in the area and among those in charge of carrying out the instructional processes. Issues such as what constitutes an error, the appropriateness of correction, the effectiveness of the different techniques that allow to implement a corrective treatment, among others, arise as inquiries that need to be analyzed. Thus, this detailed theoretical review emerges as a contribution to both the research work on error correction and the informed decision-making in a teaching-learning context of a second language, supporting, from a theoretical point of view, potential empirical actions tending to improve the acquisition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study measures the acquisition of the concessive and adversative functions that the adverb todavía ('still / yet') displays in the interlanguage of learners of Spanish as a Second Language (L2). Generally speaking, textbooks that teach Spanish as a Second Language (L2) primarily focus on the aspectual use of the adverb. This facet allows us to explore how learners acquire more complex functions in addition to analyze their syntactic configuration in interaction with discourse without explicit learning. Given that adversative and concessive todavía is only used by learners whose L1 has an equivalent, the study specifies the correspondences made between the L1 and the L2 at the lexical, syntactical and discourse levels and concludes that this process would benefit from formal teaching in order for second language learners to reach a native use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Administrativa is the property of ESCA Santo Tomas - IPN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forma y Funcion is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Ministry of Defence’s Pharmaceutical Services have the task of directing  organisms and facilities of the pharmaceutical services, the supply and maintenance of medical materiel, the formulation of technical specifications, the cataloguing of pharmaceutical products, the analysis of chemical, biological and toxicological products as well as health protection in nuclear, biological and chemical environments. Through the different structures of the Armed Forces in which pharmaceutical officers are integrated, all available capabilities have been utilized in order to respond to the recent health crisis COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2. As such, this has been carried out in the planning and execution of Operation Balmis, under the authority of the Chief of Defence Staff (JEMAD in Spanish) and the Commander of the Operations Command (CMOPS in Spanish), with tasks such as providing pharmaceutical information and advice. On the other hand, the Military Pharmacy has focused its efforts on military manufacturing and logistics of pharmaceuticals and medical materiel following the criteria of effectiveness and efficiency required in these unprecedented circumstances, covering the entire process from the management of acquisition or production, to distribution or dispensation both within the Armed Forces, and in requests for support made by civilian authorities in matters of health. Finally, the diagnostic capabilities of laboratories with a pharmaceutical presence has been enhanced, new detection techniques for the viral agent have been implemented and new biochemical parameters related to COVID-19 have been included in the service portfolio. The new magnitude of pharmaceuticals and medical materiel involved in this health crisis has highlighted the need to constitute a national strategic pharmaceutical stockpile, for a joint  Armed Forces - Ministry of Health action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study takes as participants 13 Basque dominant Basque-Spanish bilingual children (mean age=5;07), and compares their results with those of Spanish/Basque monolingual children and with adults (Spanish/Basque) as controls. A sentence evaluation task was employed, in order to (1) test their knowledge about the semantic-pragmatic meaning of the quantifiers algunos and batzuk 'some' and to (2) compare (i) bilinguals' interpretations with those of monolinguals, and (ii) bilinguals' interpretations in their two languages. Results showed similarities (i) between monolinguals and bilinguals and (ii) between the two languages of bilinguals. The similarities found between the child groups (Antoniou et al. 2013, Syrett et al. 2017) seem to obey to the strong developmental pattern attested crosslinguistically (Noveck 2004, Katsos et al. 2016), rather than to the (presence or absence of) bilingual convergence in the acquisition of weak quantifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the role of the pause during the emergence of the first syntax in the acquisition of French, we analyzed the first two-word combinations in a longitudinal study gathering the productions of two French monolingual children, filmed in interaction with their parents, between 15 and 25 months. The results show that the criterion of pause is very important in the construction of the first syntax, but that it must be studied in conjunction with other prosodic cues, such as the lengthening of the last syllable of each word and the intonation contour. In the absence of grammatical words, it is these different cues that help to bring together and strengthen the prosodic and semantic cohesion within the two-word sentences. In addition, they confirm the existence of a transition period when children use SSWUs (Successive Single-Word Utterances) before producing a majority of two-word sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several studies on the morphological acquisition of English as L2 but the errors committed by the participants have not been studied in depth. The objective in this article is to analyze the errors in a derivation test to determine percentage and typological differences between Mexican participants with different proficiency in English. The methodology was exploratory of quasi-experimental type. It focused on four nominalizing suffixes controlling their level of difficulty and productivity, and the cognate status and frequency of nouns. The design of the test was based on the proposal of Carlisle (2000). The errors were classified following Marín (2013) and analyzed based on the levels of difficulty in acquiring English affixes from Bauer and Nation (1993) and the morphological derivation knowledge aspects of Tyler and Nagy (1989). The results show that both the percentage and the type of errors vary according to the level of proficiency of the participants. A large percentage of use of inflectional suffixes was found, that is, of lower difficulty level; and it was evidenced that the distributional knowledge of the suffixes is the last to be acquired. These findings may be useful for teaching purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of LINRED. Linguistica en la Red is the property of Universidad de Alcala. UAH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Literatura y Lingüística is the property of Universidad Catolica Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis Pedagogica is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has been reported that in certain phenomena (spontaneous recovery, reacquisition, resurgence and contextual renewal) it is possible to observe the recovery of a previously extinguished response. Contextual renewal refers to the reappearance of an extinguished response that result from a change of context between the extinction and testing phase. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate contextual renewal, considering both the temporal distribution of the responses and the response rate. A recovery of the response rate was found, being a result consistent with those reported in the area of contextual renewal. In addition, a renewal of the temporal distribution of the responses could be identified. The results are discussed by recognizing that rate and temporal distribution are two behavioral dimensions that are modulated by contextual changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to design and build a circuit conditioning, acquisition and storage of three channels for the electrocardiographic signal intended for a prototype Holter; in this case aspects are taken into account as: supply requirements and signal amplification, lower noise levels and signal storage. The research includes the analysis on the need for development of national prototype Holter, the approach of the proposal and the theoretical foundation. Theoretical aspects of electrical activity of the heart, treatment-related noise on the ECG signal and digital technologies to be used for conditioning, acquisition and storage of ECG signal were studied. The circuit was designed and built by stages: 1) electrocardiographic signal detection, 2) conditioning turn formed by input signal, amplification, right leg feedback circuit (RLD), Notch filter, low pass and high-pass filters, second stage of amplification and compensation circuit, 3) signal acquisition by ATmega2560 microcontroller integrated into a development board Arduino, 4) signal storage in SD or micro SD memory interconnected with Arduino board. One conditioning circuit for three channels of ECG signal was achieved, the signal was amplified from 0 to 5 V, with one gain of 780, one offset level of 2,4 V DC, twin T Notch filter with cutoff frequency 60 Hz, limited frequency range between 0,036 Hz and 265,25 Hz by the low pass filters and high pass. The acquisition was achieved with an integrated ATmega2560 analog-digital converter with 10-bit resolution; the sampling rate was set at 500 samples per second as established by the American Heart Association. By applying filters succeeded in reducing the existing noise and thus a display, and storage of the ECG signal. The circuit achieved is modular and open, and contributes to the development of a prototype national Holter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Premack and Woodruff’s pioneering studies have led scholars to consider that humans are capable of interpreting, explaining and predicting other people's behavior as well as their own thanks to our ability to attribute mental states to others and ourselves. This ability is known as “Theory of Mind” (ToM). However, this concept has been criticized in its fundamental theoretical basis. Especially, it has risen questions concerning what the underlying mechanisms implicated in the interpretation of human behavior are. Also, how they are acquired and develop in the ontogeny. In this sense, two opposite perspectives have been used to explain the ToM concept. On the one hand, there is the “theory-theory” it considers ToM as a theory that involves a cognitive process of inference realization. On the other, a differing perspective relates ToM to intersubjective processes or simulations, where emotions have a key role. This work offers a critical review of the different explanations concerning what the processes involved in the mentalization are and how they are acquired. Thus, I will first consider ToM from a phylogenetic perspective. For this, I will address the debate on whether chimpanzees possess or not this ability. Then, I will depart from an ontogenetic perspective to revise the most prominent experiments that have been used in the evaluation of normal subjects, so that later I can focus on the most important theoretical models that explain this capacity. Lastly, I will assess the main strengths and weakness of each explanation of the ToM. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the interpretation of human behaviors is of the utmost importance to broaden our knowledge concerning normal mentalistic abilities, to understand what the damaged aspects are in populations that show ToM deficits, and to design evaluation tests that contemplate the whole spectrum of the processes involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper was carried out following a detailed data research; and it analyses the different pedagogical and linguistic principles that support the learning and acquisition of the vocabulary, as it is considered the main basic unit that conveys meaning and symbolic function in the language and discourse as well. Many foreign language teachers neglect such epistemological aspects, without being aware they constitute the theoretical mainstay of reference, at the time of assessing the learning and diagnosing the possible problems there may arise. On the other hand, these theoretical issues are also useful to evaluate the contents as well as planning the teaching at certain levels. In this way, both, language acquisition and language learning, demand natural communicative acts, in which speakers do not only focus on the utterance but on the meaning and understanding of their messages. All these elements, indeed, are essential to foster cognitive skills learning a foreign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enunciación is the property of Revista Enunciacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxia is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Lingüística is the property of Universitas Castellae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Kronos is the property of Revista Kronos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomedical Engineering Journal / Revista Ingeniería Biomédica is the property of Biomedical Engineering Journal / Revista Ingenieria Biomedica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ownership of a civil right already is of credit or royal it can correspond to an alone person or at the same time; in the latter case, the situation that gives place to the community in the civil rights. The commoners have the faculty to be served the common thing in conformity with his destination, and it cannot use it to the detriment of the remaining commoners collective and individually. Likewise, they have right to take part in the benefits that the thing produces. The quota of participation of each one of the copartners or commoners in the benefits or performances will be the one that had been stipulated and, in fault of agreement, the rule of the equality devotes itself --the proportionality in his respective quotas--. In just compensation to the right of utilization, every commoner has the obligation to contribute to the expenses that stem from the ownership of the thing. This way in the constitution of a managerial Community to construct a building with the strong correspondent economic disbursement that it supposes, it is enough that one not page and not apart from the community of rapid form and, for ende, he is replaced by another commoner in order that the work is paralyzed, unless the remaining commoners pay the part of the unreliable one. Not producing in this respect the Community would remain dependent on the unreliable owner, so, there would be enough that it was putting to the requirement for of this form to come to the judicial route. Definitively, it is necessary to put on the scale the interests of the community of goods, or that of a concrete commoner that, it has broken his obligations to preserve his quota and, for ende, his position in the community. Of there that, in the Resolution on February 12, 2015, resolves precisely the question of if the commoner's condition loses the one that it breaks with his obligation of payment. In the same one and in this question that so much he debates it generates, is going to centre on the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article studies the acquisition of the middle voice in Spanish as a second language, focusing on the use of the pronoun se as a strategy for expressing anticausativity. The research is conducted on six Spanish as a second language speakers. Three of them have learned Spanish in a formal setting at university level and the other three have not, but they have lived in Costa Rica for a period of at least three years. In order to do the study, participants are required to answer the question ¿Qué le pasó a..? according to a series of pictures, in order to determine the use of the studied structure. Finally, their answers are analyzed and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Filosofia Medieval and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main goal of the present investigation is to describe the comprehension of certain complex syntactic structures in Spanish. For this purpose, a study is carried out on a 6-year-old native speaker of Chilean Spanish. The experiment is based on the work by Echeverría (1978) "Desarrollo de la comprensión infantil de la sintaxis española (Developement of childhood comprehension of Spanish syntax)". Among the main results, it is highlighted that the studied individual has not yet acquired certain complex syntactic structures; for example, passive sentences were interpreted as active ones by the child. These results contradict the general belief that children around 6 years of age have already completed their process of linguistic acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics and the process of developing a scale that aims at determining the level of typical language development in children of pre school age are described in this article. The scale assesses the above mentioned development of phonology, morphology, syntax and pragmatics of children whose ages are between four and four years eleven months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The findings of the investigation to determine the existence of an acquisition pattern of Spanish grammatical resources of reference reveal that the order of preference doesn't change from one level to another. This happens even at the advanced level, where the use of personal pronouns continues as participant follow-up first choice in texts written by second language Spanish learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nebrija de Lingüística Aplicada a la Enseñanza de Lenguas is the property of Revista Nebrija de Linguistica Aplicada a la Ensenanza de Lenguas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)