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An investigation of direct therapeutic interaction is presented, aiming to elucidate the mechanism of progressive shaping and the contingencies implemented by the therapist as a possible mechanism of therapeutic change. Using a single-case design with concurrent baselines, three individuals with distinct psychological issues participated in an 8-session intervention. A system of observation, recording and classification (SCAFIT) of verbal responses, aligning with the principles of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy, was used. This involved a meticulous analysis of clinically relevant client behaviors and therapist-administered reinforcement/punishment consequences. The results showed a verbal shaping effect, reducing inappropriate behaviours (CCR1) and a simultaneous progression in appropriate behaviours (CCR1 and 2). Observer reliability, assessed through Kappa between 0.56 and 0.65, indicated high agreement. Furthermore, strong correlations between the client’s and the therapist’s behaviours (between r = 0.82 and 0.99) were observed. Lag-sequential analysis and Yule’s Q index were significant and high values (between 0.48 and 0.99). The findings confirmed the existence of a progressive shaping process attributed to therapist-applied contingencies. This study introduces a practical analytical tool, applicable for moment-to-moment interactions within therapy sessions. Grounded in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy, it holds promise to broader application across various verbal therapeutic modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Say-Do-Say correspondence is defined as the coincidence relationship between what a person says they will do, what they subsequently do, and what they finally report having done. Despite the relevance of this phenomenon in the clinical setting, it has been scarcely investigated. The two objectives of the present work were: (1) evaluate whether the proposed methodology is adequate to measure correspondence; (2) analyze whether the delay variable affects the establishment of correspondence. To do this, a pilot study was carried out using a quasi-experimental design with two groups (Delay group and No-Delay group) and nine single-case studies were carried out, measuring the correspondence in five behaviors through questionnaires and an observational methodology. In the Delay group, each of the phases was measured with a time difference of one week, while in the No-Delay group all measurements were performed on the same day. The methodology used seemed appropriate to make a first approach to the phenomenon in semi-natural contexts, although certain limitations were found that must be taken into account in future studies. Likewise, it was found that the delay affected the establishment of the three types of correspondence relationship (Say-Do, Do-Say, Say-Say). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transfer of functions is key to explain the change in behavior resulting from a therapeutic intervention and has traditionally been explained based on operant conditioning processes. This exploratory study sought to find experimental evidence of transfer of functions using classical conditioning procedures. Three conditioned visual stimuli (EC1, EC2 and EC3) and one aversive unconditioned (EI) auditory stimulus were used. EC1 was associated with EC2, EC3 with EI and then verbally paired EC1 with EC3 seeking to transfer the function of the EI to EC2 without ever having been directly associated. Electrodermal activity was measured in four adults and a transfer test was performed. We found only some evidence of transfer of the function of the elicitor EI of electrodermal activity (a chirp) to a visual image (EC2) through the pairing of the previously conditioned words “Antonio” (EC1) and “chirp” (EC3). This exploratory finding tentatively suggests that Pavlovian conditioning could explain some therapeutic processes, related to the effect that the verbal interaction between client and therapist has on the behavior of the former and its control outside the clinic, completing the traditional explanations based on operant conditioning. However, it is insufficient and limitations and suggestions for the continuity of this line of research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Apuntes de Psicologia is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologia de Andalucia Occidental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Apuntes de Psicologia is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologia de Andalucia Occidental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Cultura Maya is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas - UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mirai. Estudios Japoneses is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista de Antropología Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mirai. Estudios Japoneses is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses Denying the Black Legend again, which includes The Black Legend, defined as an international conspiracy organized against Spain using systematic misrepresentation, lengthened in time and intentionally negative of its history, it has no real existence. Spanish nationalism in its extreme aspect as an excuse to offer a story about the past of Spain of a hagiographic nature, with the purpose of looking for an external enemy that allows to agglutinate the majority.

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Copyright of Palermo Business Review is the property of Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen En los países iberoamericanos y caribeños las cardiopatías, y en especial las cardiopatías isquémicas, constituyen la causa principal de muerte tanto en varones como en mujeres. En muchos de estos países los esfuerzos sobre salud pública y comunitaria tratan de definir las estrategias de cuidados que sean efectivas desde los puntos de vista clínico y de costes, promuevan la prevención primaria y secundaria, y redunden en la mejora de los resultados de los pacientes. El enfoque óptimo para el tratamiento de episodios agudos tales como el infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) es una cuestión controvertida; sin embargo, el papel de la valoración de la carga isquémica residual en los pacientes de IAMCEST tras una intervención coronaria percutánea primaria se encuentra en expansión. Aunque los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados han establecido el valor de la revascularización guiada por la reserva de flujo fraccional escalonada, el uso de técnicas de imagen funcionales no invasivas puede jugar un papel similar a mucho menor coste. Para los pacientes iberoamericanos y caribeños, podrían aplicarse las técnicas disponibles de imágenes de estrés para definir la isquemia residual en la arteria no infartada y orientar la revascularización en un procedimiento escalonado tras una intervención coronaria percutánea primaria. El uso de imagen cardíaca nuclear, respaldado por su disponibilidad relativamente amplia, coste moderado y capacidades cuantitativas sólidas, puede servir de guía a una atención efectiva y reducir los episodios cardíacos subsiguientes en pacientes con cardiopatía coronaria. Esta técnica no invasiva puede evitar las cuestiones de seguridad potenciales de los procedimientos invasivos prolongados y repetidos, y servir de referencia para las pruebas subsiguientes de estrés tras el episodio de IAMCEST inicial. Este documento de consenso fue diseñado por la reunión del panel de expertos de la International Atomic Energy Agency y destaca la evidencia disponible centrada en la utilidad de la imagen de perfusión miocárdica de estrés en pacientes post-IAMCEST. El documento podría servir como guía para el uso prudente y adecuado de la imagen nuclear orientada a la gestión terapéutica, a fin de evitar los procedimientos invasivos innecesarios en los países iberoamericanos y caribeños, en los que los recursos podrían ser escasos. Across Latin American and Caribbean countries, cardiovascular disease and especially ischemic heart disease is currently the main cause of death both in men and in women. For most Latin American and Caribbean countries, public and community health efforts aim to define care strategies which are both clinically and cost effective and promote primary and secondary prevention, resulting in improved patient outcomes. The optimal approach to deal with acute events such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a matter of controversy; however, there is an expanding role for assessing residual ischemic burden in STEMI patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Although randomized clinical trials have established the value of staged fractional flow reserve-guided revascularization, the use of noninvasive functional imaging modalities may play a similar role at a much lower cost. For LAC, available stress imaging techniques could be applied to define residual ischemia in the non-infarct related artery and to target revascularization in a staged procedure after primary percutaneous coronary intervention The use of nuclear cardiac imaging, supported by its relatively wide availability, moderate cost, and robust quantitative capabilities, may serve to guide effective care and to reduce subsequent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. This noninvasive approach may avert potential safety issues with repeat and lengthy invasive procedures, and serve as a baseline for subsequent follow-up stress testing following the index STEMI event. This consensus document was devised from an expert panel meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency, highlighting available evidence with a focus on the utility of stress myocardial perfusion imaging in post-STEMI patients. The document could serve as guidance to the prudent and appropriate use of nuclear imaging for targeting therapeutic management and avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures within Latin American and Caribbean countries, where resources could be scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Grafía is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Partiendo de La niña santa de Lucrecia Martel (2004) y XXY (2007) de Lucía Puenzo como centro de atención, esta contribución tiene en cuenta puntos de vista teóricos referentes a la financiación del cine europeo y mundial. Argumenta que un determinado número de casas de producción europeas ha dado espacio al cine queer, lo cual ha sido beneficioso para algunas directoras de cine latinoamericanas. El estudio reflexiona sobre la manera en que se emplean ciertas estrategias textuales para dirigirse a un espectador de cine internacional, y lograr que lo queer sea parte del lenguaje cinematográfico. También examina la forma en que, gracias a ello, el lenguaje se compromete con la nueva era emergente que surge a partir de una reconfiguración de las familias queer. Esta contribución parte de un fenómeno nuevo: la aparición de un grupo de películas importantes dirigidas por mujeres latinoamericanas que se han hecho con vistas al mercado internacional1. En los últimos diez años una serie de películas de directoras latinoamericanas ha salido al ámbito internacional gracias a coproducciones con instancias y casas de producción europeas. Éstas incluyen La ciénaga (2001), La niña santa (2004) y La mujer sin cabeza (2008) por Lucrecia Martel; Perfume de violetas: nadie te oye por Marisa Sistach, (2001); XXY (2007) y El niño pez (2009) por Lucía Puenzo; Madeinusa (2006) y La teta asustada (2009) por Claudia Llosa; y El último verano de la boyita por Julia Solomonoff (2009)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Neuropsiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article considers the economic aspects of the tuna fisheries in Spain at the beginning of the 19th century. The author comments on the unreliable nature of the fisheries, many of which often operated at a loss. He analyzes the cases of a few of the successful fisheries, namely the Duque de Medina Sidonia en la Andalucía Occidental, the Rosas, and the Ceuta fisheries, which saw high yields and employed thousands. The impact of the restoration of Ferdinand VII to the throne in 1813 as well as the eventual government ownership of these tuna fisheries is also explored.

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The article discusses the way in which the development of modern literature has coincided with that of the Western bildungsroman. The book "Don Segundo Sombra," by Ricardo Güiraldes and the book "El juguete rabioso," by Roberto Arlt are analyzed and compared with the classical format of the bildungsroman. It is argued that "Don Segundo Sombra" follows this format, although it has been argued that "El juguete rabioso" diverges from the classical format which ends with character self-development. The author, however, argues that the book is still a bildungsroman as it takes an alternative approach to character development.

Objetivo: Los estudios de resonancia magnética (RM) anatómica han detectado volúmenes cerebelosos menores en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) que en individuos de comparación. Sin embargo, todavía deben establecerse la especificidad regional y la progresión longitudinal de estas diferencias. Los autores compararon los volúmenes de cada lóbulo de los hemisferios cerebelosos y del vermis en niños con TDAH e individuos de comparación, y emplearon una nueva medida del volumen regional del cerebelo para describir la trayectoria de estas diferencias durante el desarrollo. Método: En un estudio longitudinal de casos y controles, 36 niños con TDAH se dividieron en un grupo de 18 con mejores resultados y un grupo de 18 con peores resultados, y se compararon con 36 individuos sanos de comparación apareados. Se determinaron los volúmenes de seis lóbulos de los hemisferios cerebelosos y de tres subdivisiones del vermis empleando imágenes de RM obtenidas al inicio del estudio y en dos o más exploraciones de seguimiento realizados con intervalos de 2 años. Para definir la evolución clínica se emplearon una medida del resultado clínico global y criterios del DSM-IV. Resultados: En los grupos con TDAH se observó una pérdida progresiva del volumen del vermis superior del cerebelo; la pérdida de volumen se mantuvo con independencia de la evolución clínica. Los individuos con TDAH con peor evolución clínica tuvieron una trayectoria descendente de los volúmenes de los lóbulos inferoposteriores derecho e izquierdo del cerebelo, que redujeron progresivamente su tamaño durante la adolescencia en comparación tanto con los individuos de control como con los individuos con TDAH con mejor evolución. Conclusiones: La reducción del volumen del vermis superior del cerebelo parece constituir un sustrato importante de los cambios anatómicos fijos y no progresivos que subyacen al TDAH. Los hemisferios cerebelosos constituyen un marcador más plástico y específico del estado que podría demostrar ser un objetivo para la intervención clínica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]