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The interest groups of a company can be internal or external and are called Stakeholders, which are not always considered in the decision-making of organizations. In this sense, determining the importance of Stakeholders as input for the design of the advertising plan is vital. For this reason, the case of several Latin American companies and Ecuadorian companies of different social names was considered, which, analyzed from a descriptive research design supported by the bibliographic review of the positions that have emerged in relation to Stakeholders, demonstrate their impact on the advertising plans. The results allowed to expose the conceptual bases that argue the proposal to include this interest group as a factor of success in the advertising design of companies. From which it is concluded that its analysis helps the company to effectively define its sales processes aimed at satisfying the needs of interested parties, generating competitive advantages in the market where it operates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta las opiniones del autor sobre un estudio realizado sobre la detección de Streptococcus del grupo B en mujeres embarazadas. Los temas discutidos incluyen el porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas que fueron examinadas, enfermedades estreptocócicas encontradas en bebés, manifestación de infección estreptocócica y pacientes que sufren de profilaxis antibiótica intraparto.

This paper overviews patterns in bond issuance in local and external markets by firms in six large Latin American countries. Also, using an unbalanced panel of firm and market-level indicators for years 1995-2015, we control for variables representing several theories of capital structure to gauge the firm's decision on the choice of issuance jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El artículo aborda la importancia de la reconstrucción de la infraestructura como parte de las iniciativas de estabilización de estados frágiles. Considera diversos factores que contribuyen al éxito de una reconstrucción post-conflicto como el establecimiento de estructuras de seguridad y reglas de transparencia. Se citan también los riesgos de que el trabajo de las agencias internacionales de desarrollo (como PNUD, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo) debiliten las instituciones públicas.

Muchos aspectos del proceso de solicitud de asilo en el Reino Unido pueden resultar confusos y traumáticos para las solicitantes de asilo lesbianas, además de dejarlas desamparadas. Estudios recientes examinan el impacto de este proceso en sus experiencias, su identidad y su bienestar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study was to pilot a nurse-performed nutritional screening tool (NST) for dialysis patients in order to identify nutritionally at-risk patients. Haemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk of nutritional-related problems. Nutritional screening by nurses may assist in the early recognition of and response to these problems. An NST was developed using 9 screening parameters. (BMI, weight change, poor appetite, GI symptoms, albumin, pre-dialysis urea, K+, PO4++, HbA1c). The NST was compared with Standard Dietitian Assessment (SDA). 44 HD patients were screened with the NST and then with SDA. The tool showed sensitivity of 0.7 (95%Cl+/- 0.21) and a specificity of 0.77 (95%Cl+/-0.16). Reliability was low (alpha = .18). Alpha increased to 0.32 if pre-dialysis urea was removed from the tool and increased to 0.48 if weight loss, appetite, K+ and PO4++ were used alone. The pilot study showed a low reliability of the NST compared with SDA. With further analysis and modifications, the NST has the potential to assist nutritional screening by nurses in dialysis centres that have limited dietetic access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Best Practice Guidelines recommend that 85% of patients with standard causes of chronic renal failure should achieve a target haemoglobin concentration of »11 g/dL. However, patient outcomes need to be improved as many patients respond suboptimally to treatment and fail to reach these targets. Two multinational surveys of nursing practice in the management of renal anaemia in northern (with comparative data from Australia) and southern Europe were conducted. The aim was to assess variations in the role and amount of responsibility delegated to nurses in renal units throughout Europe and Australia. Patient care could be optimised by developing formal training and educational programmes for nephrology nurses and this has already occurred in many units in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo habla de los beneficios de usar la tomografía computarizada con múltiples detectores en hilera (TCMH). La TCMH puede generar series de datos volumétricos mayores, por las cuales se crean imágenes en dos o tres dimensiones. La aparición de esta tecnología ha sido posible gracias a los ordenadores más rápidos y la carga de tubo de rayos X más eficaz.

Se presenta una entrevista con Ross Mountain, Coordinador Humanitario de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) en la República Democrática del Congo. Durante la entrevista, se discuten la cantidad de dinero que han recibido en el Congo para financiar las actividades humanitarias. Mountain habla de los donativos y la distribución de los fondos.

Background: The food production chain has grown exponentially in Latin America. The use of a risk-based approach will allow modernizing the official inspection and surveillance systems in food to adapt them to this new reality. Objectives: To establish a methodology for the implementation of a riskbased official inspection and surveillance system in foods. Methods: Decision trees and decision matrices were used to establish a frequency of inspection and surveillance. Results: For the inspection, decision trees were designed for biological and chemical hazards. Through questions with a binary response (YES/ NO) food processing and final use by the consumers (fresh or cooked consumption) the risk level was estimated for each food category (low = 1 point, moderate = 2 points and high = 4 points). To assess the safety level in the processing plants, a decision matrix was designed to account for seven factors (food safety management, monitoring analysis, facilities/zoning/personnel flow, degree of manipulation of the process, production volume and degree of compliance with the inspections). Depending on the performance, a score (between 1-7) was assigned to each factor and the sum of all the scores produced the final score of the establishment. Multiplying the food risk score (1, 2 or 4) by the risk score of the establishment, a final risk score was obtained. Inspection frequencies were established based on the scores, the higher score (risk) the greater the frequency. For surveillance, a decision matrix for pathogens and chemicals was designed to assess the severity. The annual number of foodborne cases, the hospitalization and mortality rate, and the association between the hazard and the food were used as factors. They were assigned scores (between 1-7) and a final risk score was obtained. By multiplying the severity score by the food risk score (1, 2 or 4), the surveillance frequencies were established, assigning more samples to the most widely consumed foods in the country. Conclusions: A country is able to design a modern and efficient inspection and surveillance plan using objective and risk-based tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre la falta de la administración de asistencia humanitaria a los refugiados de la guerra civil en Siria quienes vienen a Jordania y Líbano. El autor comenta sobre el rol de los gobiernos de Jordania y Líbano y examina el establecimiento de regulaciones de la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) para identificar los problemas humanitarias más importantes en la región.