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Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inventum. Ingenieria, Tecnologia e Investigacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Mexico, new techniques are being sought to extract the two third parts of oil that are not conventionally extracted. Under a scenario characterized by being flexible and uncertain, in the present investigation, the economic evaluation of an improved Oil Recovery project (EOR) is carried out by the injection of alkaline, surfactant and polymer chemicals (ASP) by two methods: traditional and real options valuation. Additionally, the uncertainty level of the net income flows (S0) is determined using the binomial methods and Markov chains. The results showed that the traditional assessment of the NPV of the project was positive ($ 120,157 billion dollars) obtained in a maximum term of operation of sixteen years; however, under the valuation of the real option, the modified NPV of the project (VPN) was higher ($ 124,807 billion dollars). In terms of the value of the European abandonment option; this was higher under the Markov chain probabilities than under the risk neutral probabilities. In this regard, the Wald-Wolfowitz statistical test showed that oil price returns should be modeled as an independent variable, therefore the binomial model is the correct method for calculating probabilities. It is concluded that the real options valuation method is adequate given the existence of flexibility and uncertainty in the EOR-ASP investment project, and that the value of the option increases as there is a greater dispersion in the values projected by the binomial method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geominas is the property of FUNDA-GEOMINAS. (Fundacion de Egresados d Amigos de la Escuela de Ingenieria Geologica y de Minas) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the efficient of the SAGD process, horizontal wells implementation from cold heavy oil production in many heavy oil fields and because the only one recovery method implementation can significantly reduce recovery factor born sequential schemes of enhanced recovery that including SAGD, these consist of the union or sequential application of different recovery techniques in conjunction with the SAGD are responsible for recognizing in each method principles, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages and resulting changes in the reservoir as the improvement in properties flow, thus establishing the feasibility of further implementation of a technology or the union of two technologies. This article presents a detailed review of each these new patterns emerging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methods for enhanced recovery of heavy oil by steam injection, present great inconvenience in reservoirs of over three thousand feet deep. This is due to the high losses of energy from the generator on surface to the wellbore, so, the oil can not reach a temperature at which it is mobile and can be produced. This paper proposes the use of steam generators at bottom, with the goal of inject wet steam into deep reservoirs. Subsequently, is proposes the application of the technique steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), and that because it uses short distances between wells, requiring low rates of injection, such as those that provide these generators. Finally, is assessed the feasibility of implementing enhanced recovery processes in deposits of heavy crude oil with characteristics similar to those of the Colombian Llanos Orientales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]