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This paper aims to relate two debates about how logic and language influence thought. There is an axis of discussion about whether there exists a plurality of logic or a single logical system as an evaluation criterion for any reasoning context. In linguistics, the debate arising from the strong and weak interpretations of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has centralized the discussion around the degree of influence or determination of language on thought. From different perspectives and theoreticalconceptual frameworks, logic, and linguistics delimit and problematize a field of inquiry and reflection. The article, from a transdisciplinary perspective, intends to account for and postulate communicating vessels between these debates, considering the nuances of each approach. It also seeks to propose its own hypothesis on the problem raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eidos magazine, from the University of the North, presents its 40th issue with a variety of essays and a review. The article by Sebastián Alejandro González Montero and Lucas Uribe Lopera on the concept of community stands out, as well as Filippo Salimbeni's article on a third way in 19th-century political philosophy, and Nicolás García De Castro and Alejandro Villamor Iglesias' articles on the philosophy of science. Other topics addressed include text and experience, art as a map of intensity, the concept of death from S. Kierkegaard's thinking, memory and stigmatization in the case of the Colombian township El Salado. The issue concludes with a review of the book "El nadador de Paestum" by Tonio Hölscher. [Extracted from the article]

Newtonian mechanics was for centuries virtually universally regarded as the absolute model of scientific knowledge. However, during the 20th century, developments in physics prompted the need to broaden the conceptual and theoretical framework around fundamental issues such as the predictive power of scientific models or the role of the observer in the description of physical phenomena; this in turn revitalised the long-standing debate between determinism and indeterminism. Today, the disciplinary discussion, far from reaching a consensus, has given rise to new kinds of questions that reflect a change in what Cassirer calls the ideal of knowledge. From a historical synthesis of the debate of the last decades, the present article seeks to point out some contemporary perspectives on indeterminism in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a review, reflection and rethinking of future(s) studies in the context of a terracide motivated mainly by the capitalocene. This is based on a limited conception of the imaginary futures present in our society(ies), characterized by a techno- determinist tendency, calling into question the monofuturism. Therefore, is manifested the role of speculation, imagination, and critical designs as a referential framework to reclaim our future(s). In this path, six ramifications of ethnofuturisms are described as cultural, comparative, and contextual spaces from cultural and artistic movements. Opening the discussion broadly to consider speculative design, scientific fiction, and the fictionalization of alternate knowledge systems as fertile space for pluriversal futures much more than human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first edition of Silvina Ocampo's 1937 book, Viaje Olvidado, includes several handwritten, unpublished rewritings. Following our hypothesis, rather than corrections that restore meanings and certainties, they constitute a retraction, an intensified "return" to indeterminacy and ambiguity that characterizes the stories in the volume. To demonstrate this, we will analyze the author's rewriting of four paradigmatic stories: "Cielo de claraboyas", "La calle Sarandí", "El retrato mal hecho" and "Los funámbulos". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movimento (0104754X) is the property of Movimento, da Escola de Educacao, Fisica, Fisioterapia e Danca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "Chance and its models: a look from history, philosophy, and mathematics" analyzes the concept of chance and its relationship with religion, gambling, and the reflections of Greek philosophers such as Democritus, Epicurus, and Aristotle. It highlights that primitive humans sought explanations for natural events through hidden and superior forces, which gave rise to religion. Additionally, it mentions that gambling has its origins in Sumerian culture and that dice are considered the quintessential game of chance. On the other hand, it explores the ideas of Greek philosophers about chance, such as Democritus' determinism and Epicurus' indeterminism. It also addresses Aristotle's causal theory, which distinguishes between actuality and potentiality. The text discusses the concept of chance in Aristotle and the introduction of mathematics in the study of random phenomena. It mentions the existence of two types of chance: epistemological and ontological. Furthermore, it highlights the work of Gerolamo Cardano and Galileo Galilei in introducing probability into the study of chance. It also mentions the problem of how to divide the pot of a bet between two players when the game is interrupted and the proposed solutions by Luca Pacioli and Tartaglia. Finally, it mentions the use of probability in calculating risk in actuarial problems and the statistical basis of probability. The article deals with the axiomatization of probability by the Soviet mathematician Kolmogorov, who established the modern foundations of Probability Theory using sets and classical operations. It also mentions that quantum physics has presented phenomena with new behavior that require a theory of quantum probability. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human Rights are the result of a search to create a system where legal protection to the individual is given based on their quality of human being. Hence, this article, the result of a theoretical reflection, is presented with the aim of verifying the universality of Human Rights, based on five arguments. On the one hand, Human Rights are an expression of a morality applicable to every person by virtue of being moral agents. In addition, the categorization of Human Rights as principles due to their indeterminacy, allows their application in different contexts. In this sense, Human Rights do not belong to a specific territory, rather are generally available and allow a friendly dialogue with non-Western schools. Aligned with this, the applicability of Human Rights is extraterritorial, giving the concept of jurisdiction a greater scope than that normally attributed to it. Finally, there is an important international theory according to which Human Rights are norms of jus cogens, international jurisprudence supports this thesis whose natural consequence is the binding nature of Human Rights to all state activities. It is inevitably concluded that Human Rights are an instrument that seeks to ensure guarantees to the individual, regardless of his nationality but on the basis of his humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the problem of free will by examining the relationship between the understanding and the will. The scholastic debate about which of both faculties should be considered free was continued in early Modernity, giving rise to different answers: voluntarists, intellectualists and necessitarians. The first part of this paper presents these three positions in the light of the doctrines of Suárez, Leibniz and Hobbes. The second part is devoted to the Ralph Cudworth's criticisms against them in his Treatise of Freewill. As it will be seen, each of these solutions produces different expressions of what I will call the "paradox of the faculties", which the Cambridge Platonist sought to overcome through an original psychology of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to show that the discussion on moral enhancement has not addressed a central issue. The missing issue is the concept of freedom. As it is well known, what is understood by morality depends on the concept of freedom to a very important extent. Depending on what concept of freedom is involved, the implicit notion of morality in the several moral enhancement proposals is different from each other. Not having a clear concept of freedom raises the question of what morality is to be enhanced. Finally, if the morality to be enhanced is not clear, it cannot be argued well enough which moral enhancements are acceptable and which are not. To achieve the goal, the paper will be divided into a) a brief introduction presenting the problem; b) a quick examination of some proposals for moral enhancement; c) an analysis showing how the aforementioned proposals put freedom at stake; d) an explanation of the fundamental premise about free will as a base of morality for consistently proposing moral enhancements; e) a review of various views of freedom from which morality is understood differently; f) the consideration of the void left by the absence of the classical notion of free will (liberum arbitrium); and g) a conclusion that shows that the ambiguity in the concept of freedom does not allow us to clearly indicate which improvements are acceptable and which are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the second half of the nineteenth century, physics go through a noiseless but deep review of its foundations. Despite of the importance for the upcoming developments, the historical and philosophical studies about that time are scarce in comparison to the first decades of the twentieth century. This paper rebuilds some aspects of physics of this time using two conceptual tools: The Controversy Spaces of Oscar Nudler and the Styles of Scientific Reasoning of Ian Hacking. The aim is showing the elements that led to the controversy about determinism during the second half of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State's extra-contractual responsibility is the guarantee of the rights, either for lack or deficient provision of public services or for actions or omissions in the exercise of public powers, the public servant responds for breaking the laws, as well as for excess or defect in the performance of its activity. In this paper, the factors that influence the extra-contractual responsibility of the Ecuadorian State are studied aided by a mathematical method. The chosen method is neutrosophic DEMATEL, which consists in the study of the cause effect in complex situations, as it is the case. The incorporation of Neutrosophy, which is the branch of philosophy that studies all related to neutralities, allows us taking into account the indeterminacy, which is typical when there exists lack of information or contradictory, inconsistent or paradoxical information. This method permits us the evaluation by using linguistic terms, which is a natural way for human beings' assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to contribute to current effort to interpret Adam Smith's thought in terms that move beyond the traditional reductionism of economic theory by focusing on his theory of language. It shows that his point of departure was ethical, scientific, and linguistic scepticism, although it presents this scepticism as a premise that made possible and justified the solution provided by Smith, namely, the centrality of the productive imagination according to scenic, aesthetic, and semiotic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to comment on some prohibitions of the father Miguel de Tamburini and Father Retz (two modern scholastic philosophers), explaining fundamental concepts of these prohibitions under an analytical method and relating them under a synthetic method through the theses exposed. The latter will allow making a reconstruction of prohibitions whose assembly will consolidate into brief arguments. Second, to assess what may be the underlying causes or fundamentals of the prohibitions themselves, that is, to assess why those theses were banned. Finally, to determine, from the positions of Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza, the philosophical implications of their corresponding visions of creation, will, determinism, and the principle of individuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article explores the phenomenological relevance of the imagination, taking as a guiding principle the "meaning-more" (intending beyond itself) of the horizon-intentionality. In particular, the article examines an extreme modality of this intentionality, the horizon of over-indetermination, which is decisive for understanding the phenomenological relevance of "impelling objects." These objects not only refer-to, but also allow a creative expansion of the horizon of phenomenality, with a view to the encounter between phenomenology and literary experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on his book "Causation and Free Will." Topics discussed include the author's point of view about the freedom according to which acting freely consists in acting from the effective causes; the conception of the effective causal sequence of freedom called (ACS); and how it separates from the traditional conception of freedom in terms of alternative possibilities.

This study analyzes the gender approach from the perspective of equity in the current General Law of Cuban Housing, regarding the legal limits to the right of the owner, as provided in Section One "Rights and Obligations of Owners ", Specifically in articles 64 and 65. Among the results obtained, it is found that these normative dispositions are covered with traditionalist and sexist determinisms, since the man, owner of his house, can exert the cessation of coexistence against all that inhabit his dwelling, except against the mother of his Children, if he does not have another place of residence and in the contrary case, the situation of the father would be in a condition only definable by decision of the competent authority, and in the event of injustice or inhuman act, since said regulation does not establish any guarantee The male sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the use of imaginary models in motion pictures of the cultural industry. Topics discussed include indeterminacy in cinema, how it promotes enlightenment, mass culture followed in the U.S., financial capitalism in the region, reality of the cultural industry and apocalyptic culture.

The doctoral thesis on the basis of the thought of Miguel de Unamuno, raises the issue formulated clearly by Jean Paul Sartre in his philosophical work Existentialism is a Humanism: if God exists, a man cannot be free but if a man is free, God cannot exist. According to the Spanish philosopher, God, comprehended as Other, sets boundaries to a man in the form of the natural right, which a man - a finite being is unable to exceed in any way. Therefore, it is not surprising that Unamuno in his works reiterates that freedom is the awareness of the right. Thus, the fact of being a human in the world, assumes active participation in the divine right, which does not annihilate volitional and intellectual abilities of man; on the contrary, it improves them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodological individualism as an explanatory current within the social sciences has had little development in Latin America. However, it has acquired certain weight over the past few years, and has done so, paradoxically, through the writings of a self-proclaimed marxist, J. Elster. Without doubt his contributions have helped us to reflect on how the social explanation is not reducible to the influence of structural factors and has pointed out the importance of individual decision based on de- sires and beliefs. But it is also evident that the elsterian teleology is far from explaining all the related factors, many of which are causal-structural. Furthermore, the prestige achieved by methodological individualism over the last few years could also be partially attributed to the ideological advancement of neoliberal individualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the assimilation, in the cosmology of Thomas Aquinas, of the necessitarianism of Aristotle's physics. It analyzes the rejection of determinism by Aquinas regarding the mode of action of the first principle, and his acceptance of the Aristotelian theory of natural regularity and necessary causal concatenation of second agents as a sufficient explanation of physical dynamism. It also highlights Aquinas' defense of the autonomous character of nature with regard to its procedural aspects, as it is capable of self-preservation due to the formal structure with which it has been created, and his limitation of divine intervention and tutelage regarding the maintenance of the physical order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manzano, Jorge. Chapter Three: Vital Needs. With regard to two characteristics of human nature, first the selection of memories and perceptions, and then action on matter, Bergson reflects on the numerous abilities concentrated in the human brain--the organ of attention to life--to meet vital needs. Jorge Manzano follows the path of this reflection and, while recovering the main elements that come into play in the exercise of intelligence by homofaber, sketches out the reasons why Bergson's contemporaries disqualified his postulates across the board: the abundance of the Bergsonian conception of perception, memory and spirit implicitly challenged the prevailing philosophy of deterministic and mechanistic materialism that denied the presence of any spiritual reality in intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines what could be the political thought of Borges. Particularly, it shows the reasons to see Martin Krause's' statements about Borges as a radical liberal as dubious. Also, from an ambiguity in Borges' aesthetic attitude, his political ambivalence is interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first aim of the paper is to define the concept of "contingent freedom" as the very notion of human freedom and the basis of human dignity. To do so, firstly, the voluntarist notion of freedom (libertas indiferentiae) and the intellectualist vision of freedom (voluntas ut natura) are analyzed. Secondly, the conditions of possibility of sin and conversion are studied in the perspective of the threefold conception of freedom aforementioned. As a result, contingency in freedom means that the will creates the alternative course of action because it has the ability of deciding in favor and/or against a same action; and therefore it has the ability to act otherwise with respect to itself. In the final sections of the article, this conclusion is applied to a particular case, namely: whether it is possible or not for a person to decide to believe something or in something. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indeterminism forces a conceptual shift concerning our most rooted intuitions about causation, which are mostly related to deterministic world-views, as reflected in scientific theories such classical physics. Methods of causal inference based on the idea of probabilistic causality, such as the Principle of the Common Cause (PCC), provide a suitable framework to cope with that shift. A number of problems however still remain. We offer here an overview of the main philosophical implications as well as the diverse arguments for and against the PCC - both at the metaphysical and the methodological level - in indeterministic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we will observe that there are different tendencies in Descartes' natural philosophy when introducing a progressive proposal. This French philosopher inherits the theological dilemma of potentia absoluta Dei and potentia ordinata Dei. These Cartesians worries are surrounded by neoplatonic reflexions on infiniteness: his perspective about God could be designated as potentia infinita Dei. As for freedom and determinism, the world's causality is derived from God's immutable nature, thus preserving only the essential properties of matter but not those accidental effects, such as the diversity of shapes and movements. Therefore, even when the universe is preserved in its mode, its material components do not remain in the same state. In other words, the Cartesian universe is both necessary and contingent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A critique presented by David Widerker on Frankfurt-counterexamples and known as the "W-defense" has persisted for years and has been considered one of the most difficult challenges these counterexamples have to face. This paper aims to defend Frankfurt counterexamples against Widerker's attack. For doing this, the paper presents a dilemma addressed to the main premise of Widerker's attack: The Principle of Alternative Expectations. The dilemma states: either this principle rests on the Kant's maxim, "ought" implies "can", and then this makes redundant and unnecessary the principle and Widerker's whole argument; or the principle does not rest on such maxim and then there is no good reason to accept it as valid [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Thomistic account of freedom both as election and as love of the transcendental good, which when perfectly realized is indefectible, provides a new and unexpected approach to contemporary debates between compatibilism and incompatibilism concerning freedom and determinism. This article develops both aspects of freedom in order to shed new light on concepts of determination and indeterminacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, many innovative proposals have been offered in hopes of solving the problem of divine action in nature. These have looked mainly at ontological causal gaps that would allow God to act in nature. After analysing these proposals, this essay argues that they reduce God to a cause among causes. In order to avoid this conclusion, it is suggested that we revisit Aquinas' doctrine of providence and the notion of divine action through contingent created causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article we approach the issue of ontological determinism in physics. We propose a clarification of the concept of possibility that is useful for addressing this issue. By means of this clarification, the concept of probability can be given an interpretation that is meaningful for the practice of theoretical physics. Finally, these clarified concepts of possibility and probability are applied to the paradigmatic case of highly unstable systems, and it is argued that in this domain determinism and indeterminism can coexist in a single classical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss the problems that arise in the model of measurement based on decoherence. Considering that criticisms of this model have focused on its use of the reduced states of open systems, we propose a different approach. Our proposal adopts a closed-system perspective which allows us to describe irreversible processes in systems with no interaction with an environment. Furthermore, the expectation-value approach allows us to study the evolution of quantum systems without appealing to their states. The combination of these two perspectives gives rise to a new formulation of quantum decoherence whose application to the measurement problem overcomes criticisms to the original approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last century the question of determinism/indeterminism in nature has arisen anew in physics (quantum mechanics, chaos theory), biology (evolutionary biology, developmental biology, complexity theory), and neuroscience (the question of free will).This paper argues that it is necessary to differentiate correctly the epistemological, ontological and methodological levels of this question in order to evaluate the range and limits of new theories and to confront the recurrent problem of reductionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Sigmund Freud's theory of culture. The analysis focuses on the notion of repression and the complications this concept creates for the individual and culture. The author's theoretical position is discussed and, oscillating between determinism and a total liberation of repression, it is suggested that Freud's perspective on the discontent in culture is, more exactly, that of an Enlightenment thinker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historiography of medicine in Mexico had followed several perspectives: Positivism, Marxism, and the Annates School, among others. I argue here that we must become attuned to our times of social, scientific, and technological changes, so regarding history of medicine, chronological and determinist schemes should be complemented with system theory and complexity sciences. These are affecting every field of knowledge even if they are still in process of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yearbook of the Faculty of Political Sciences / Godisnjak Fakultet Politickih Nauka Beograd is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo tiene como objetivo recuperar la esfera de lo subjetivo como eje de la teoría y de la investigación social. Se proponen dos argumentos principales: a) el abordaje de la subjetividad no equivale a subjetivismo; y b) tampoco equivale a una mirada microsociológica que no dé cuenta de los procesos sociales generales. Partiendo de estas dos premisas, el estudio del mundo de la vida experimentado y realizado por los sujetos permitirá superar el reproductivismo, comprendiendo la relación entre las condiciones objetivas y subjetivas, así como la posibilidad y existencia del cambio social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the social theory of freedom proposed by Norbert Elias, as opposed to classic philosophical views. Firstly, it analyses the basic features of the metaphysical theories of freedom which Elias rejects. Then the key points on which Norbert Elias's social theory of freedom is based are developed. Finally, two Eliasian classic empirical examples are briefly discussed: the cases of Louis XIV and Mozart. The above is intended to show that Elias has a legitimate voice in the current scientific debate about freedom, especially within Neuroscience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]