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The article "Zoonoses: Basis and Foundation of the One Health Initiative" highlights the importance of zoonotic diseases in public health and the relationship between animal health, human health, and ecosystems. It is mentioned that diseases such as swine flu and COVID-19 are a global problem and not only affect less developed regions. Additionally, it is emphasized that climate change and human activity are influencing the spread of these diseases. In the military field, zoonoses represent a special threat in areas affected by conflicts or disasters. Different types of zoonoses are mentioned, such as viral, vector-borne, and foodborne diseases. The impact of zoonoses on ecosystems is also highlighted, such as the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The article discusses the transmission of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans, such as swine flu and COVID-19. It is mentioned that these species jumps are complex and not all mechanisms involved are known yet. The importance of strengthening sanitary protection measures in the Armed Forces is emphasized, and the need to integrate animal, human, and environmental health in public health management is proposed. The concept of One Health is mentioned, which seeks to balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and ecosystems. The importance of cooperation and the pooling of capacities to combat zoonoses is also highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

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The article "22 F and One Health" highlights the importance of coordinating human, animal, plant, and environmental health programs in the "One Health" approach promoted by the WHO. It mentions the suspension of beef exports from Brazil to China due to a case of mad cow disease, as well as the declaration of a health emergency in Argentina due to the detection of a case of avian influenza. Although avian flu does not pose risks to humans through the consumption of meat or eggs, some strains can infect people, posing a threat to public health. It is expected that different government bodies will work together to provide an appropriate response and that politics will not limit this integrated action. [Extracted from the article]

Update the knowledge about particles called prions, handling precautions and recommendations of tissue in patients with suspected infection, in addition to a systematization of the item has slopes of great medical interest. We reviewed studies of the last 10 years systematically with keywords that included, prion, orCreutzfeldtdakob spongiform encephalopathy, dementia and brain biopsy progression fast. In Mesh Ime&line), human papers were included in English and Spanish domains. We perlormed a screening of the work that made mention of experience (more than onol and that related to the handling precautions and tissues of patients with spongiform encephalopathy. Consistent with the literature, patients with probable prion disease should be treated with great caution, first to see if there is possibility brain biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, and after his death according to European recommendations mainly in the preparation of cremation. The sporadic appearance of disease is spontaneous, the prion protein remains a major source of molecular research has generated two novel awards. Not everything has been linked to disease just as there are approaches that knowledge of the foundations of learning is linked to prions according to faculty experts like Professor Eric R. Kandel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the active and passive surveillance program of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was implemented in November 2002, with its generalization in all national territory. This study presents the results obtained in the active and passive surveillance of BSE in herds introduced in the country, from countries defined as controlled risk. During the period 2005-2010, two-hundred nineteen brains belonging to both types of surveillance, were analyzed fulfilling with the remission data established and according to the types of surveillance. Histopathology and immunochemistry techniques were used in a simultaneous way and the different causes were determined after carrying out the differential diagnosis of the disease and the establishment of the confirmative diagnosis. All the cases researched were negative to the diseases due to the absence of compatible lesions. From the differential diagnosis, nine main causes were determined in the confirmative diagnosis. The main ones were hemoparasitosis, malnutrition and puerperal infections. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that there is no evidence about the presence of the disease in bovine herds introduced in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by prions that affect the central nervous system. It's invariably fatal. It can be classified as sporadic, familial and iatrogenic. It's clinical features are subacute dementia, associated with motor and visual symptoms, as well as myoclonus. Electroencephalogram (EEG) shows pseudoperiodic spicular activity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) presents with hyperintense signals in both striated corpus and some cerebral cortex areas. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows an increased level of 14-3-3 protein. Finally, histopathological study of brain states spongiform encephalopathy. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of CJD. Two women who started at ages 44 and 67 years old with abnormal gait, cognitive impairment and myoclonus, with rapid progression of symptoms to absolute dependence. EEG was compatible with the disease and imaging tests showed hyperintense signals in striatum and / or some areas of the cortex. Both patients coursed with infections during their hospitalization period and both underwent gastrostomy due to the presence of a severe swallowing disorder. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of CJD is suspected based on the clinical findings and it is supported by characteristic features on MRI, EEG and CSF analysis. If the familial form of CJD is suspected, a genetic study issuggested however, in Herminda Martin Clinical Hospital (HCHM) this is not available. CJD is an invariably fatal disease and it doesn't have any treatment. This makes difficult to choose between executing tests and interventions, and having an expectant management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the bovine population over 24 months of age in Cuba was characterized. It is considered the one with the highest risk to contract bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The results of the disease active and passive surveillance program from 2001 to 2008 are also shown. The results showed that the 60.5 % of the total bovine population in Cuba is in the age of risk. Bovines brains cases belonging to both types of surveillance active and passive were researched, and 88,7% of the total corresponds to the total amount of reports notified to the Epidemiological Surveillance System at the Veterinary Medicine Institute under clinic suspicion of nervous disorders. It shows that a more effective surveillance towards the disease is being carried out in the country. Bovine subpopulation of risk in most of the cases researched was that under suspicion of nervous disorders (passive surveillance); thus, both types of surveillance are important and are carried out simultaneously. From the disease differential diagnostic; the 11 main causes were determined, being the main ones by hemoparasites, malnutrition and intoxications. All the cases researched, depending on the type of surveillance were negative to the disease, according to the absence of compatible injuries. Therefore, it is demonstrated that there is no evidence of the disease in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental parameters in the process of obtaining capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b such as: culture medium, type of hemin, as factor of growth and the expression of the capsule polysaccharide by the strains were evaluated. The evaluated cultures media were: infusion brain heart, Müeller Hinton and a variant of modified Frantz. The evaluated hemin was from the different commercial houses: Fluka (bovine origin), Sigma (equine origin), ICN (pig origin) and Calbiochem (bovine origin). The evaluated strains were H1am/ 90, H1am/97, H2am/96, Eagan and 170 non-typable, as negative control. In these experiments the concentration of capsular polysaccharide was determined by Finn's method. The results demonstrated that variant of modified Frantz allowed a bacterial growth four times higher than other culture media (p < 0,05). In addition this culture medium allowed to increase the expression capsular polysaccharide regarding the other culture media. This culture medium completes the WHO regulations satisfactorily. The use of hemin from Fluka commercial house reflected an increase of 17,2 % over the remaining ones (p < 0,05). The hemin of Sigma and ICN threw satisfactory results too. However the use of hemin from Fluka and Calbiochem houses is contraindicated by its origin. These results allow the use of hemin from Sigma and ICN in the culture of the Haemophilus influenzae type b. On the other hand, the strain H1am/97 showed a superior expression of capsular polysaccharide (p < 0,05) among those evaluated, demonstrating the variability of the expression of polysaccharide from the strains evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo explora la enfermedad de encefalopatía espongiforme bovina (EEB), conocida como la enfermedad de la vaca loca. El primer caso de la enfermedad ocurrió n en 1984 en Inglaterra cuando médico veterinarios examinaron un animal sufriendo de pérdida de peso y problemas de locomoción. Según el artículo la enfermedad ocurre cuando existe una acumulación de proteínas en el cerebro que causa la destrucción de células nerviosas.

El artículo explora las enfermedades degenerativas del sistema nervioso, específicamente la encefalopatía espongiforme bovina (EEB), conocido como la enfermedad de la vaca loca. Se menciona algunas de las características de los agentes infecciosos como el virus lentos. La EEB surgió en 1980 en priones causantes del scrapie. El artículo discute la evidencia epidemiología que muestra que se debe prohibir la harina de origen animal en la alimentación de ganado.