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Introduction: The use of dental implant as method to replace lost teeth has demonstrated to be a treatment with a success rate higher than 89 % in periods of observation between 10-15 years; nevertheless, the number of implants is still increasing and, with it, the prevalence of peri-implantar diseases. Objective: To deepen the knowledge on the peri-implantar disease and the existing treatments. Development: As a result of the advance in rehabilitation, the use of dental implants has taken a great boom in the last years and, in particular, in the province of Santiago de Cuba; however, with the use of this technique the complications and failures have also increased due to multiple reasons. Conclusions: The peri-implantar disease represents a health problem with growing incidence that requires a multidisciplinary approach, what depends on several biological principles that is necessary to respect, such as the diagnosis, the therapeutic plan, the careful implementation of the procedure, the postoperative follow up and the appropriate load of the implant that are important factors to achieve the result desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses the articles in this issue, including one on literary form, one on storytelling during the 20th century, and one on Caribbean literature.

El articulo discute los punto de vistas del autor sobre el recién muerte del profesor Agustín Jorge Barrero de la universidad de Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. El autor también comparte sus opiniones sobre la memoria de Agustín Jorge Barreiro, la presentacion del libro Homenaje con motivo de su jubilación y trayectoria académica como Catedrático de Derecho Penal .

In the present research the Quality of Life related to Health was described in population victims of the Colombian armed conflict. The study was of quantitative, descriptive and transversal type, with a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 265 people, who were given a socio-demographic data sheet and the SF-36 Questionnaire. The results show that the type of victimization that presents the most is forced displacement with 96.6% and there is a high score in lathes to Quality of Life related to the social function dimension. The results suggest establishing the relationship between emotional role and social function and the differentiation between clinical and nonclinical populations in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the author comments on the articles in this issue, including one on sermons in the Spanish church of the 17th century, one on the Council of Trent, and one on 20th century Colombian literature.

Introducción: La frecuencia de Enfermedad Celiaca (EC) es 5 veces superior en niños que en adultos. No es posible prevenirla, su único tratamiento es suprimir el gluten de la dieta. Actualmente, hay diagnosticados 20.000 casos en España. Según Federación de Asociaciones de Celiacos en España (FACE), uno de cada 200-300 nacidos vivos en España puede padecer la EC. Objetivos: - Educar a la población infanto-juvenil sobre la EC. - Enseñar a grupos de niños entre los 6 y 14 años las características de la EC. - Instruir a grupos de adolescentes a partir de los 15 años para incorporarse a la vida social sin alterar el seguimiento de la enfermedad. Material y método: Elaboración de dos posters ilustrativos: - Poster 1 (orientado a niños entre 6 y 14 años) donde se informe de la etiología, clínica, hábitos alimentarios y educación sanitaria al respecto. - Poster 2 (orientado a adolescentes a partir de 15 años) donde se trabajan hábitos alimentarios, educación sanitaria acorde a su edad, necesidades, integración de ta EC en la vida diaria. Por las características de las comunicaciones del congreso, unificamos ambos posters en una sola presentación, aunque son independientes a efectos prácticos. Impartir un taller en el centro educativo y mantener el poster visible en espacios comunes. Resultados: Puesta en común tras exposición, con dudas, experiencias y expectativas. Conclusiones: La EC es una enfermedad poco conocida entre la población no afecta y debe ser normalizada e integrada mediante educación sanitaria en infancia y adolescencia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andalusia must face up to the challenge posed by curricula if it is to improve results in schools. Educational psychologists offering support services hold a strategical position and systemic vision that allow them to act as consultants in curriculum development. This paper analyzes the circumstances under which they may perform this role, and the methodology used. It taps into the grounded theory of these professionals with a case study from a biographical-narrative and dialog-based approach. The informant, who has a long career and professional recognition, supplies 35 in-depth interviews about his professional experience and the principles that underpin it. The study uses discourse analysis with emerging categories from his account, and concludes that it is necessary to make changes in the mindset of counselors in order to improve teaching at its core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildlife density estimates provide an idea of the current state of populations, and in some cases, reflect the conservation status of ecosystems, essential aspects for effective management actions. In Mexico, several regions have been identified as high priority areas for the conservation of species that have some level of risk, like the Yucatan Peninsula (YP), where the country has the largest population of jaguars. However, little is known about the current status of threatened and endangered felids, which coexist in the Northeastern portion of the Peninsula. Our objective was to estimate the wild cats' density population over time at El Eden Ecological Reserve (EEER) and its surrounding areas. Camera trap surveys over four years (2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012) were conducted, and data were obtained with the use of capture-recapture models for closed populations (CAPTURE + MMDM or ½ MMDM), and the spatially explicit capture-recapture model (SPACECAP). The species studied were jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), jaguarundi (Puma yaguaroundi) and margay (Leopardus wiedii). Capture frequency was obtained for all five species and the density for three (individuals/100km²). The density estimated with The Mean Maximum Distance Moved (MMDM), CAPTURE, ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 for jaguars, from 1.7 to 4.3 for pumas and from 1.4 to 13.8 for ocelots. The density estimates in SPACECAP ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 for jaguars, from 1.8 to 5.2 for pumas and 2.1 to 5.1 for ocelots. Spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) methods in SPACECAP were less likely to overestimate densities, making it a useful tool in the planning and decision making process for the conservation of these species. The Northeastern portion of the Yucatan Peninsula maintains high populations of cats, the EEER and its surrounding areas are valuable sites for the conservation of this group of predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addresses the multi-objective reconfiguration of distribution networks with the presence of distributed generation. We work with two objective functions in the problem statement: active power losses and grid voltage index. While in the solution of the model, an elitist evolutionary algorithm of nondominated ordering (NSGA-II) is used, which is implemented with the help of MATLAB, determining a set of feasible solutions. The proposed methodology is implemented in reconfiguring the test circuit, 33 nodes, 37 branches, and 4 distributed generators of the IEEE. Two case studies are analyzed, one without the presence of distributed generation and the other in the presence of four distributed generators; it is possible to reduce the power losses of the analyzed network and improve the voltage profile. The results are compared with other investigations and methods that have used the same test circuit, evidencing its relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endemic catfish of the Magdalena River Basin Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) constitutes the second species in commercial importance and a target species for fishing management. To contribute to supports decision making on regulatory measures, it was evaluated their reproductive strategies in five points of influence on the basin: three in the Magdalena River, one in the Cauca River and one in the San Jorge River. Sampling was conducted since April 2012 to March 2013. Mature females (stages III and IV) were sampled (total and eviscerated weight) and gonads were removed and weighed. The ovarian samples were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically. By using the Image J and Image Tool Program it was determined the average diameter of mature oocytes in second phase 0.7 mm. The effective fecundity fluctuates between 900 000 and 1062 000 and the oocytes corresponds to a semelparous type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neotropical fish live in streams with considerable spatial and temporal variability of their food items. Food availability depends on different factors such as discharge, channel morphology, physicochemical conditions and interactions with other species, as well as their food habits. On the other side, good food availability results in reproductive success. Because the study of those changes contributes to a better understanding of trophic interactions in fish populations, the present work describes and evaluates aspects of diet and reproduction of Farlowella vittata in Pringamosal Creek, Güejar River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Five collecting expeditions were done during both high and low rain seasons of 2008 and 2009. Physical and chemical water parameters were measured, and fish were captured from several points along the total length of the 7km stream, to characterize their biometry and stomach contents. Our results showed that Pringamosal creek is a first order stream, about 3.5m wide and with an average depth of 1m in our study area. Dissolved oxygen values were 6.2mg/L during low water and 2.7mg/L during high water phase. The creek is classified as oligotrophic but with a tendency to eutrophication. A total of 130 fish samples were analyzed. Fishes were assigned to seven size range categories between 86.0 and 175.5mm standard length (SL). Stomach contents revealed that the diet of this species consisted mainly of algae (Bacillariophyceae) (84.6% Abundance Relative), but we observed a variation in the diet according to season; during low rainfall it feeds on phytoplankton (86.47% A.R.) and during high rainfall on zooplankton as well as plant material and organic material (0.685% A.R. and 18.83% A.R., respectively). A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in food items between sexes. The condition factor (K) indicated that the species was well fed. Size at sexual maturity was 154mm SL for males and 124mm SL for females. The gonadosomatic index (RGS) showed that this fish reproduced during high water (April-May) season, and females showed a fecundity of 1 819 ovocites, with an average diameter of 1.4mm. Although parental care was not observed during this study, it is well known that males protect their eggs and juveniles, making them easy to capture during the breeding periods identified in this study, and at the same time, vulnerable to overexploitation. We recommend an urgent management plan for the conservation of this species, since at this time, no fishing controls are enforced even though it is harvested as an ornamental species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication and dissemination of science are an integral part of science itself, where the reading, in addition, must be a constitutive aspect of scientific training. Especially, reading works of scientific divulgation can become an excellent tool for the integral formation of students in scientific or technological careers. This research is a preliminary diagnosis on the reading habits of 158 students of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Buenos Aires, conducted by a written survey. From the results, we conclude that students are not whitout reading habits, but that they have little interaction with his training as a professionals. The printed book is still the main vehicle for reading, well above the electronic formats. A problem arises with the issue of scientific divulgation, as students manifest ignore to the very nature of this genre. Future work is proposed for the development of intervention strategies that take into account the results of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Describe and compare the frequency of bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from patients in intensive care units (ICU) and other (non-ICU) high-complexity public and private hospital services in Colombia. Methods. A retrospective observational, analytical, multicenter study was conducted. The records from January 2007 to December 2009 on bacterial isolates and bacterial resistance phenotypes of microorganisms obtained from ICU and non-ICU patients in 79 high-complexity public and private hospitals were consolidated. The information was analyzed with the WHONET® 5.5 (WHO) software, following the 2009 recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and summarized on an Excel® spreadsheet. A descriptive analysis with the calculation of proportions was performed. The trends were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation. Results. The 2007-2009 trends for bacterial resistance phenotypes show increased percentages of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae, ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli and cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (ρ = 1, P < 0.01), and reduced percentages of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae, oxacillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (ρ = -1, P < 0.01). Conclusions. The trend analysis presented in this study is the baseline for establishing a national epidemiological surveillance subsystem. The trends observed reveal that bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs in hospitals in Colombia is a dynamic phenomenon, with evidence of the emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae phenotypes in the hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study shows partial results of the research project Evotranling. Linguistically mixed couples are studied with these initial languages: 1) Bilingual or Catalan / Spanish or Bilingual, 2) Catalan / Galician, 3) Catalan / Bilingual (Galician and Spanish), 4) Bilingual or Catalan / Italian. The areas involved are Catalonia, Valencia and Balearic Islands. The informants are women. The instruments to collect data are long semi-structured sociolinguistic interviews. Data are analyzed using an interactional approach to discourse analysis, both in content and in form, taking into account both the speech of the interviewer as the interviewee. Regarding the hypotheses we have been able to identify some factors that seem to depend on language usage in pairs (such as the first language in which they met, the most dominant language, their greater or lesser facility for learning languages and their ethnolinguistic boundaries) and between parents and children. Among the various trends the innovative role of allochthonous women towards the catalanization stands out, both from couples Galician / Catalan and Italian / Catalan. As far as territories are concerned, the analyzed data so far suggest few overall trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the necessity to make a suitable measurement of the magnitudes of power and electrical energy. Likewise, the developments achieved in this area in the "Escuela de Ingenierías Eléctrica, Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones (E3T)" are presented as well. The purpose of this work is to establish the necessities to accomplish in an appropriate way these measurements and to develop tools to carry them out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

América latina transitó por diferentes procesos históricos durante el siglo pasado. Con el principio de siglo XX llegan nuevas formas de organización y diferenciación social, siendo la constitución de grandes ciudades el fenómeno graficador de dichos cambios. La irrupción de conventillos y cités fueron un ejemplo primario de sucesos posteriores y más complejos que se generaron en nuestro continente a mediados de siglos, dado que será en este momento axial, tomando el concepto de Jaspers, donde se constituyen las grandes ciudades capitales segregadas, dispersas, dada la expansión tanto de la ciudad central, como de la conurbación de ciudades próximas. Esto es lo que podemos señalar como las Áreas Metropolitanas. Este fenómeno ha producido que decisiones socialmente obligatorias, caracterización más actual de lo político, sean asumidas de manera fragmentaria y unilineal, o simplemente existan sólo en un planos formal, sin capacidad de acción efectiva en generar un poder político que enfrente las soluciones para las grandes ciudades. De ahí que es de interés para el presente trabajo es "cómo algunas aglomeraciones urbanas complejas (conformadas por distintas unidades territoriales administrativas) constituyen una unidad (compleja y coordinada) de funcionamiento y gestión" (Rodríguez, 2000). Es claro que el proceso social es multidimensional que traspasa el umbral del derecho, sistema funcional de la sociedad encargado de la legalidad de los actos y comunicaciones sociales; por lo que, nos parece de importancia el profundizar sobre los alcances de los mecanismos sociales de decisión política a escala mesopolítico, como son la creación de autoridades de grandes extensiones de territorio urbanizado, como de la aglomeración que se da en él, no necesitando para esto la solución legal a nivel nacional, sino a nivel meso. Así, la idea a investigar es análisis y reflexión entorno a las áreas metropolitanas latinoamericanas, adentrándose en las problemáticas de la más relevantes, así como reflexionar sobre el presente de ellas, tomando para esto algunos casos de estudio.. "En el caso de las áreas metropolitanas, la concentración y el crecimiento de las grandes ciudades con fenómenos de nuevas barriadas, de municipios limítrofes y de ciudades dormitorios, dentro o fuera del término de la gran ciudad, demandan soluciones administrativas de conjunto que superen los esquemas municipales tradicionales" (Barrero, 1993). Esto lleva a definir el problema de estudio de como la aglomeración de población en áreas superiores a las ciudades tradicionales en América Latina, constituyen formas diferentes a los planos nacionales y municipales, por lo que urge crear condiciones para el bienestar de sus ciudadanos. Es necesario para esto, el comprender el sistema político de manera dinámica y variable, el cual esta íntimamente ligado a la constitución a la deriva estructural de las sociedades, pero sobretodo al gobierno de la ciudad, elemento fundante de la civilización occidental en la cual estamos situados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present instrumental study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Suicide Orientation - ISO-30 with 1922 school adolescents from Bogotá. The construct validity of the inventory was established through confirmatory factor analysis, using the generalized least squares (GLS) technique, through which a sustainable factorial model was obtained, composed of five factors equal to the original inventory. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient with an excellent result (α= .915) and an omega coefficient (Ω=.742). The analysis of the items, relative to the discrimination power of the items, obtained 57% in item-total scale correlations with an excellent level of discrimination power. These findings prove ISO-30 to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating suicide orientation among Colombian adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]