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Objective/Context: The objective of this article is to analyze the institutional development of identification, registration, and surveillance technologies as central tools in the production of information for the classification, selection, and control of international migrations from 1915 to 1950 in Argentina. Methodology: a qualitative method based on the compilation of documents among which laws, decrees, regulations, resolutions, and consular communications predominate. The analysis of documents allowed recognizing the actors of migratory control to differentiate technologies according to the information they produce and construct the analytic categories that structure the forms in which the State embraces nonnational individuals. Conclusion: The article concludes that the entrance control and permanence control needed the development of new technologies and bureaucracies, and institutions capable of producing information about immigrants' authorized residency in the "national territory." Accordingly, immigration control processes cannot be accomplished without technologies that help identify individuals and their classification between desirable and undesirable. Originality: The article's uniqueness lies in that it understands technologies from the perspective of information production and migratory control, based on a notion of borders extending inside territorial limits through new institutions and individual identity cards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In Tijuana, at Mexico's border with the United States, worn-out old buses connect the urban periphery with one of the busiest ports of entry in the world. These routes make up the lowest strata of the border's system of mobility; in them, the imperative of capitalist mobility, which the border turns into a supreme value, takes exploitation to an extreme and makes fragile any incipient solidarity between workers. Amongst them, an impulse towards the "pure gift" emerges: the absolutely disinterested gift that can barely be recognized as such. This impulse takes shape in the contrast between different kinds of time; it manifests itself, importantly, in acts of linguistic communication, which appear as delicate and fleeting gifts. Focusing on the (non)relationship between the anthropologist and her main interlocutor, this essay uses the ethical complexities of the ethnographic exchange as a starting point for exploring the relationship between time, the gift and communication at the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the change and adaptation process of miners who became agricultural settlers on the coast of Hermosillo. All of them had been unemployed because of the closure of the copper mine in Pilares, Sonora, in 1949. The methodological perspective applied instruments of social and cultural history with concepts of memory studies. It is possible to identify a fractured identity through the broken projections for the future, forcing settlers to re-elaborate their life stories. The study involved work with orality, which resulted in some limitations that had to be solved with contrast of documentary and historiographic sources. The visibility of a community with a strong presence in the social imagination of Sonora defined the originality of the study, concluding further that there is a pilgrim cultural identity that was formed outside the mining space but with symbolic elements of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is the analysis of public policies after the Covid-19 pandemic on the Colombian / Venezuelan border: Maicao, Colombia - Paraguachón, Guajira Municipality, Venezuela, carrying out a brief examination of the need for specific state measures, after the Current pandemic transition resulting from a virus or infectious disease that appeared since December 2019, which causes various symptoms and pathologies, even lethal, causing the death of countless people in the world. The research is defined from a postpositivist, qualitative, documentary, bibliographic type methodology, based on a prospective view of the subject matter. It is concluded, on the one hand, in the enormous attention that is required from the States involved, through a stable, consolidated health system and a novel employment regime, and on the other, in the need for citizen awareness that leads to self-care and care of others. starting from precise biosecurity measures, without neglecting the need for an efficient vaccine that prevents the continuity of the coronavirus in time and space; all of which must be oriented from the vision of comprehensive public policies in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the relationship between Catholic missionaries and Protestants in the border area of the Brazilian-Colombian Vaupés. Although the presence of Catholics began in the area in 1914, it is not negligible since about 450 religious, including priests and nuns, arrived in the region. The Protestants belonging to two organizations of American origin (New Tribes Mission and Summer Institute of Linguistics) arrived thirty years later and reached a figure of 115 members. Their relationships as well as their differential impact on the populations they missioned are a topic little developed in the mission stories, which in this text is illustrated through consultation of primary sources that detail the links or views of members of different faiths about their counter-parts. The study shows how these views changed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Regeneración, the anarchists of the Mexican Liberal Party, from 1911 to 1918, called on the American and European proletariat to carry out a world revolution that would end capitalism and all forms of authority. Their intention was to make them aware that they would expropriate all the means of production, so they stayed in Los Angeles, California, where they had the conditions to edit Regeneración and have multiple contacts with the acrat press in the United States and Europe. Based on the aforementioned publication, it is shown that they conceived their activity as part of the anarchist revolutionary struggle that had already begun in Mexico and sought the help of the workers of the world, both to arrive in our country and to expand expropriations in the world. The anarchists of the Mexican Liberal Party (PLM) have been analyzed as part of the revolutionary process in Mexico. From that angle, a series of statements about his performance have been made, which have become a common space about his revolutionary intentions. However, their insistent call for world revolution is not addressed, forcing a more complex interpretation that does not adhere to the limited explanations that emerged in the postrevolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research analyzes the representations about the educational evaluation, present in teachers of social sciences and students, of establishments with high indexes of vulnerability, of a border region. The research is qualitative and uses focus groups and in- depth interviews. The reduction of the data is carried out according to thematic criteria. It is identified that the evaluation modalities are based on the expectations of the teachers and technical managers, about the abilities of the students and depends on the empowerment of the latter. Students perceive the teacher as a collaborator who makes institutional assessment criteria more flexible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As highlighted in the presentation, the document that is published definitively ditches the debate about when and by whom the Biobío River was constituted in the political and territorial boundary between Hispanics and Mapuches in the kingdom of Chile. Accordingly, this historical demarcation takes effect in 1612 and responds to a direct disposition of the Spanish monarchy, then ruled by King Felipe III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Literatura y Lingüística is the property of Universidad Catolica Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/Context: The following article explores State formation in the frontier towns of Caquetá in the second half of the 19th century. It is argued that, rather than being an abandoned or isolated space, a particular form of government developed in this region that allowed it to engage with the Colombian state. This was vital both for the maintenance of international borders and for the very development of the extractive economies. Originality: The process of state formation in the Amazon is explored through the study of delegative forms of power -characterized by non-state actors exercising state functions--developed throughout the 19th century, which stands in contrast to interpretations centred on the rubber economy as the main factor in the process of incorporating Amazonian frontiers. Methodology: The research is based on the study of primary sources, relying on civil archives and the correspondence of the Capuchin mission. Conclusions: In rainforest and frontier spaces, the State operated under delegative forms of power, which led to unconventional actors appropriating its message of control and domination. This allowed Colombia to maintain its territorial claims, despite its precarious investment and institutional presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the assumptions by which the border security agenda in the extreme north of Chile is constructed and some of its foreseeable consequences. These assumptions focus on the validity of traditional threats and their overlap with elements of renewed security, classified as transnational threats. Based on multiple interviews and discussions with academics and decision makers in 2019, it is determined that interpretations that con- sider border relations as a security field prevail, although they begin to consider speeches referring to cooperatives cross-border dynamics in an incipient way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to analyze the interaction of the documentation status with access to housing and urban mobility of subjects deported from the United States living in Tijuana, Mexico. Through an inductive approach with 17 semi structured interviews with public officials and activists and biographical interviews, an in-depth analysis was carried out based on 23 cases. The results show that the domiciled vision of the citizen in Mexico responds to that of a spatially fixed citizenship, that is, access to fixed housing requires the possession of identity documents and vice versa. Those who manage to access said documents have an easier time renting a home, while those who do not manage to have documents depend more on the availability of shelters and remain in constant intra-urban movement, which, in turn, subjects them to permanent surveillance and control by the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dynamics present in the relations between tourism, security and criminality in a border area, observing how the criminal and inequality dynamics coincide territorially with the spaces destined for visitors. The article investigates the case of Ciudad Juárez, a Mexican economic border center that has a significant flow of displacements with the usa. The study was conducted through secondary data on marginalization (2010) and prevailing crime (2010-2015) in Ciudad Juárez. The maps show that the spaces destined for tourism are not found in the most dangerous areas of the city, which implies that the visitor runs very little real risk if they do not extrapolate the dynamics of the comfort zone of the tourist territories. In Juárez, focusing on tourism security, there are much more representations of insecurity than a real threat to tourists who will hardly leave the comfort zones of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to build the structure and functioning of the local cross-border labor market between the Soconusco region (Chiapas) and the southwest of Guatemala, from a construction "from below", based on the experience lived by interviewed Guatemalan workers. The cross-border, economic and population perspective was the guide to link the supply and demand of workers, and the places of origin and work destination, to avoid methodological nationalism. The construction of knowledge from daily life allowed to make visible the diversity of the participating actors, as well as the connection between the needs of workers and employers, cross-border labor networks (formal and informal) and the possibilities of crossing, staying and paid work in the neighboring country. The cross-border labor market detailed allows considering new scenarios considering the recent arrival of foreign immigrants to the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an analysis on the practices that have become generalized over the past few decades to limit refugees from entering the territory through what has been dominated the dissuasion paradigm, this article uses the literature on labeling to research how asylum has been managed at Spain's southern border over the past three decades. The analysis is based in 34 in-depth interviews conducted between 2016 and 2019 in Madrid, Cádiz, Ceuta and Melilla to members of different public institutions and social organizations involved in the implementation of refugee policies at the Southern Spanish border. The "labeling" of African immigrants as labor migrants (or as "bogus" asylum seekers) has shaped the refugee policies at this border resulting in practices of contention and dissuasion of the flows and restrictions in the access to the Spanish protection system under the priority of the logic of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war efforts in North America on the Pacific coast during World War II rekindled the tourist flow to the city of Tijuana. However, the prominence that tourism businesses had maintained, since the so-called era of Prohibition, regarding the organization of space was diminished due to of the demands of the growing Mexican population between the decades of the 1940s and 1950s. The purpose of this article is to describe how, in this new urban concentration, citizen groups began to manifest themselves through collective participation in actions and discourses that always struggled to maintain social cohesion through the social, material and moral improvement of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, conflicts and clashes between different powers in the border territories of America did not stop growing. And each of the participants in that colonial race sought native allies to use them as military support units. But the different European nations also needed information for their possible actions, and misinformation for their rivals. Among the most obvious examples of this dynamic is the vast territory of Louisiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The civilization / barbarism dichotomy, from Sarmiento guiding the national construction process, served as frontiers as one of the founding pieces in the construction of subaltern and excluded national identities. This produced groups that were habitually invisible or, when not, reviled by the national literature subsidiary of the discourse of power. Returning to these categories, frontier and rewriting (Garramuño, 1997), in this article we will try to visualize the deconstructive process carried out by Gabriela Cabezón Cámara's novel, The Adventures of China Iron (2017), to permeabilize, erode and tear down those geographical and imaginary lines and often arbitrary, which we call borders. We start from the hypothesis that this rewriting exercise, in the mere fact of breaking down geographical boundaries, enables, in turn, the dismantling of all social conventions that operate as hierarchical segregators of otherness, for example, names or races, social or cultural backgrounds and, more than anything, gender and sexual orientation. In this way, we can ask ourselves if the blurring of the border, which shielded the dystopian world of the Indian from that of the Christians in Martín Fierro, does not facilitate the entrance to utopia in the rewriting of Cabezón Cámara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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