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Cyrtopodium paniculatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay is described for the first time for the Argentine flora. Synonyms, some ecological observations and the key to distinguish it from related species are included. Besides, the identity of other species previously recognized for Argentina, C. pflanzii, is clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years the crop of the yam comes presenting a considerable increment, occupying a new dimension in the alimentary chain and being present in the development of the family agriculture. In this paper was made a revision with the objective of giving to know the potentialities of the yam, as well as to gather information that can be interesting to specialists that begin in the yam, and to farmers motivated in the same one. Inside the aspects related with the cultivation of the yam (Dioscorea spp.), considering its characteristics, aspects ethnobotanical, geographical distribution, uses more frequent, propagation; as well as their socioeconomic importance for developing countries, so much from the alimentary point of view, as medicinal and industrial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the most recent phylogenetic analyses of Gavilea, an updated taxonomic revision is presented here. A new combination, Gavilea chica, is proposed following the current monophyletic circums- cription of the genus. This revision includes: 1) the history of the genus, 2) a key to the 17 species of Gavilea, 3) descriptions and illustrations of most species, 4) updated geographical distribution of the species, including the extension of the range of distribution of G. platyantha and G. supralabellata to Río Negro and Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) respectively, 5) nomenclatural observations and, 6) a complete and updated list of synonyms for every species. Five lectotypes (Asarca araucana, G. australis, A. patagonica, G. supralabellata, and G. wittei) are also designated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guadua tagoara subsp. tagoara is reported for the first time in Argentina, it is described and illustrated. A map showing its geographical distribution in South America and a key to the species and subspecies in Argentina are also provided. A lectotype for Bambusa distorta is here designated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new species Sida chiquitana (Cordifoliae), S. parva (Distichifolia), S. cavernicola, S. Glocimari (Malacroidea), S. cabraliana, S. rhizomatosa, S. sucupirana (Muticae), S. japiana and S. Lilianae (Nelavaga) are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five species of Pavonia are described: P. boisiana, P. botumirima, P. Queirozii, P. teresina from Brasil and P. undulata from Bolivia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an approach to the dynamics that determine current distribution of vegetation in the semiarid enclave Canyon Chicamocha River (Pescadero sector). The disturbance regime determine different successional patterns in a high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The main types of dynamics and vegetation changes are related to disturbances such as landslides or soil removal in hillside areas, grazing goats estabulizado not, agroecosystems Quaternary terraces and fluctuations in river levels. In the case of landslides are different processes in succession high slopes areas and in areas of low slopes. We evaluated areas with primary successions submitted after landslides and river fluctuations, secondary successions agricultural product, and estate regeneration on slopes with grazing goats. The grazing of goats is a continuous disturbance and more decisive in the transformation of plant communities for loss of tree elements and increasing the abundance of unpalatable species. We found that on the slopes overlooking Lippia origanoides, forming extensive homogeneous matrix and mixed with patches of Prosopis juliflora and Stenocereus griseus slopes at the base of sloping floor or cones produced by landslides. The use of agricultural land on slopes low and terraced dynamics is related to the types short cycle crop. The dynamics associated with seasonal fluctuations in the water level of the river Chicamocha generates colonizing of short life cycle species and low requirements in structuring their micro-habitat. Finally, we present a conceptual model for the interpretation of the dry forest degradation and its relationship with the aridity phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the information on the richness and distribution of the Mexican aquatic and wetland (herbaceous) monocots, is presented, for the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the flora distributed in the wetlands of the national territory. Three hundred eighty one species (392 taxa) belonging to 104 genera and 28 families, considered as strict aquatics or wetland plants, were registered; as well as 114 tolerant or facultative hydrophytes of lacustrine and pond habitats. Half of the 28 families correspond to taxa considered by most botanists as terrestrial, but they represent a large component of the Mexican aquatic flora (71% of the genera and 75% of the species). The endemics make up 14% of the monocots. Their presence throughout a great diversity of habitats and its representation in several vegetation types and communities, make them one on the most diverse ecological and geographical components in the American continent. About 46% of the species belong to meridional elements, while 25% correspond to boreal one; while the Mexican element (13.9%) is equivalent to the sum of the cosmopolitan and introduced species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected areas are spaces where biodiversity is preserved. They are designed to maintain the balance in natural ecosystems, to protect the species developed in the area and to preserve natural resources, cultural and environmental services. The Parque Luro Reserve is a protected area located at the centre-east of the department of Toay, La Pampa Province. The purpose of the reserve is to protect a small area of calden forest. The aim of this paper is to analyze the vegetation pattern in the Parque Luro Reserve. To achieve this, two tasks were carried out: the identification and the characterization of the representative vegetation of the calden forest in Parque Luro. The description of the vegetation allows for the comparison and classification of different vegetation units. The survey of floristic composition established its spatial distribution in different sectors of the area of study. The quantitative methods applied were Braun Blanquet scale and Dansereau's scheme based on transects. In addition, the quantitative technique of nearest neighbor was used. Through this study, two dominant forms of distribution of the vegetation were distinguished, one associated with the calden open savannah and the other with a closed calden area with presence of shrubbery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas herbáceas Typhaceae y especies de su género Typha. Para cada especie considerada, incluyendo T. domingensis, T. latifolia y T. angustifolia se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas herbáceas Phrymaceae y especies de su género Mimulus. Para cada especie considerada, incluyendo M. coulteri, M. pallens y M. minimus se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

El artículo discurre sobre la familia de plantas florecidas Musaceae. Los autores describen algunas de las características de esta familia, incluyendo las flores, las estambres fértiles y los sépalos. También se analiza Musa ornata, la cual tiene el nombre común de plátano cimarrón, incluyendo su distribución geográfica, su periodo de floración y sus usos.

A transcription and a critical review on Aimé Bonpland´s scarcely known manuscripts dealing with the geographical distribution of wild "yerba mate" (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil., Aquifoliaceae) trees in South America is presented here. Among other data, Bonpland´s assumptions on the occurrence of wild "yerba mate" individuals within present day Uruguayan boundaries are matched with modern voucher specimens of this species collected in Uruguay, and also with miscellaneous bibliographical sources, including details from later reports from Bonpland himself, and also from other contemporary naturalists who travelled through this country in the 1820´s and 1830´s, as well as with phytogeographical information. As a conclusion, it is supposed that these Bonpland´s notes, written during his early years of residence at the Río de La Plata basin, contain mistaken information that the same botanist did not report again, as his knowledge of the Argentinian Delta, the Uruguayan environment and the 'yerba mate" got deeper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta una descripción fitogeográfica de la provincia de Mendoza, enfocada en la distribución de licofitas y helechos. Se indica la clasificación botánica y se describe la distribución de familias incluyendo Aspleniaceae, Thelypteridaceae y Woodsiaceae, en la diversidad geomórfológica de Mendoza.

The rangeland carrying capacity of four fields (about 117,000 ha), located in the Malargüe department, Mendoza was estimated. These areas were included in "La Payunia" phytogeographic province. A floristic unit map was made through the interpretation of the area satellite image. An inventory of plant species was made in each unit and also the grazing degree was visually estimated. Linear transects (358) were distributed at random in the floristic units. The total plant and forage plant cover (%) and the carrying capacity were determined in each floristic unit. These determinations were made in different seasons during 2006 and 2007. The Field I had the greater number of forage species (19 to 30). It could sustain 9,203 goat equivalents (GE) or 1,538 cow equivalents (CE) in spring. In the Field II the number of forage species varied from 7 to 17. It presented the greater percentage of overgrazing area (38%). It could sustain 385 GE or 64 CE and 709 GE or 118 CE in winter and spring, respectively. The Field III had from 14 to 19 forage species. Only the 18% of its area was overgrazing. It could sustain as a minimum (winter) 10,206 GE or 1,715 CE. The Field IV presented the lower number of forage species (7 to 16). It could sustain 2,963 GE or 489 CE. For obtaining more accurate information on the carrying capacity, the evaluations should be made at least during one vegetative cycle (fall-winter and spring-summer). The characteristics of the floristic units of each field and the study of the herbivore diet composition carried out in the study area permitted to recommend the livestock species more adequate for the field use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First citation of Lycopsis arvensis L. (Boraginaceae) for the province of Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link has been collected in the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, in urban areas, confirming its existence in the country as was predicted by Pedersen's contribution to the Flora Ilustrada de Entre Rios. This is a rare species in the United Kingdom, but classified as harmful plant in Spain and as a weed in several states of the United States of America. In our country, is regarded as an introduced naturalized plant, which may behave like invasive (plant strategist R) because, among other features, it is a therophyte producing abundant viable seeds. The present paper describes and illustrates this species, including the pollen grains which were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas Scrophulariaceae y sus géneros, entre ellos Capraria, Limosella y Verbascum. Para cada género y especie considerada, incluyendo Capraria biflora, Limosella aquatica y Verbascum virgatum se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

Miconia petropolitana is reported for the first time for the Argentinean flora and a lectotipification for this species is proposed. The species is described and illustrated and a map with the geographical distribution is provided. Miconia elegans is excluded from Argentina and an identification key for the species is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species in the Sporobolus indicus complex are analyzed for Argentina. Sporobolus indicus var. indicus and S. indicus var. andinus are recognized for Argentina based on significant value differences in culms height and inflorescence length, and the altitude of collection area. The var. andinus is a new record for the Argentinean flora and it is here illustrated. Sporobolus jacquemontii is excluded from Argentina and S. minor is considered as a synonymy of S. indicus var. indicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new record for the Argentinean flora, Samanea tubulosa, is described and illustrated. The specimens were collected in Oran, Salta Province, Argentina, in the "Selvas Pedemontanas" district of the "Yungas" phytogeographic province. Comments on the systematic position of the species and related genera are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncidium fuchsii Königer (Orchidaceae) is described for the first time for the Argentinean flora. Synonyms, some ecological observations and a key to differentiate the entity with which can made a mistake, are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes the first record of Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch for Argentina, and considerations about its status in the context of the naturalization process. Also includes observations about exotic species of Juglans in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new species of Malvastrum are described: M. boyuibeanum, M. Cristobalianum, M. ionthacarpum, M. pucariensis, M. trifidum and M. uniapiculatum and a new combination is proposed: M. Fryxellii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes nine adventitious species of Prunus (Rosaceae, Prunoideae) present in Argentina. A key is presented to differentiate them. For all the species, it is indicated scientific name, common names, description, geographical distribution, uses, material studied and observations about their status of naturalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas Celastraceae y sus géneros representados en México incluyendo Celastrus, Pristimera y Acanthothamnus. Para cada género y especie, incluyendo las especies Acanthothamnus aphyllus, Celastrus pringlei y Crossopetalum uragoga se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

El artículo enfoca en la familia de arbustos hemiparásitos Viscaceae y sus géneros Arceuthobium y Phoradendron. Para cada una de sus géneros y especies se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas herbáceas Poaceae y su subfamilia Panicoideae que incluye la tribu Centotheceae. Para esa familia, subfamilia y tribu se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se describe su distribución geográfica y se discurre sobre su presencia en la región de Veracruz, México.

Eleven populations of Taxus globosa were located and evaluated along of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the States of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. A complete inventory of the individuals in all Taxus globosa populations was recorded; data of height, diameter, canopy cover and density were also evaluated. The population data were organized in databases on rank classes into six height categories, seven canopies cover categories and seven diameter categories. A χ² test indicates that all the populations showed a normal distribution. The canopy cover and diameter variables showed higher values in correlation analysis (r = 0.9). The population curve tendency on height, canopy cover and diameter shows that isolated or inaccessible populations of Taxus globosa Las Tinajas, Julilo and La Camotera are the populations with more young individuals than the rest of the northeastern populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la familia botánica Dipentodontaceae y su género Perrottetia. Se describe la especia Perrottetia ovata, indicando sus características morfológicas y anatómicas. Se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

Peperomia nitida and P. armondii (Piperaceae, subgen. Rhyncophorum) are recorded for the first time for the Argentinean flora in the province of Misiones. The species are described and illustrated, and their geographical distributions are updated. A key to distinguish the Argentinean species of subgen. Rhyncophorum is included, and P. elongata is excluded from the Argentinean Flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new record for argentinian flora, Aristolochia stomachoides Hoehne (Aristolochiaceae) from Misiones province is described and illustrated. Ecological information is given. Its distribution along Paraná River suggests the action of the water as agent of dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper Stemodia hassleriana Chodat (Plantaginaceae) is reported for the first time for Brazil. Description, illustration, ecological observations of the species and a key to species of Stemodia presently known from Brazil are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentzelia aspera L. is cited for the first time for the Paraguayan flora; this is the first record for the genus Mentzelia and the second for the family Loasaceae from Paraguay. To facilitate identification, a description of the species and some images of diagnostic features are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el presente estudio se examinó la distribución espacial de E. leucantha mediante el análisis de patrones espaciales bi-variados, en relación a la disponibilidad de sitios de instalación bajo los arbustos en tres unidades fisiográficas diferentes(geotopos). Se analizó la influencia de los arbustos en la radiación fotosintéticamente activa y en la temperatura a nivel del suelo. A escalas inferiores (0-1,6m) E. leucantha se encontró asociado en los tres geotopos a Larrea cuneifolia y/o a Zuccagnia punctata. Respecto a estos arbustos, la asociación encontrada mostró una alta relación con el gradiente de radiación solar fotosintéticamente activa encontrado desde el centro hacia la periferia de los arbustos. En relación a otros arbustos, la distribución fue aleatoria. El efecto de los arbustos en la temperatura del suelo no influyó de modo claro en la distribución espacial de E. leucantha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en el género de plantas herbáceas o subleñosas Panicum y su familia Poaceae, la cual incluye más que 450 especies. Para ese género y familia se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se describe su distribución geográfica y se discurre sobre su presencia en la región de Veracruz, México.

The pedregal of Arócutin, with a surface area of approximately 31 km², is located in the Lake Pátzcuaro basin, in the northern portion of the Mexican state of Michoacán. This region belongs to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt physiographic province. The vegetation found is an oak forest in different stages of succesion, intermixed with elements of tropical deciduous forest. The structure and floristic composition of each association is described. Intense botanical exploration for a period of two years resulted in the collection of 407 species of vascular plants, belonging to 262 genera and 96 families; these represent 38.76% of the total number of species in the Lake Patzcuaro basin. The most diverse families are: Compositae with 60 species, Leguminosae with 27, Labiatae with 19, and Gramineae with 18. Comparing the floristic list of the pedregal of Arócutin with those of three other outcrops of basaltic rocks along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, using the Sörensen similarity index, we found that the Arócutin and Huaniqueo pedregals are the most closely related, both at generic arid specific level. This is followed by the pedregal of San Ángel in Mexico City and finally the pedregal of Chichinautzin, Morelos. Additionally, traditional uses of some plants are recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedregal of Arocutin, with a surface area of approximately 31 km², is located in the Lake Patzcuaro basin, in the northern portion of the Mexican state of Michoacan. This region belongs to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt physiographic province. The vegetation found is an oak forest in different stages of succesion, intermixed with elements of tropical deciduous forest. The structure and floristic composition of each association is described. Intense botanical exploration for a period of two years resulted in the collection of 407 species of vascular plants, belonging to 262 genera and 96 families; these represent 38.76% of the total number of species in the Lake Patzcuaro basin. The most diverse families are: Compositae with 60 species, Leguminosae with 27, La-biatae with 19, and Gramineae with 18. Comparing the floristic list of the pedregal of Arocutin with those of three other outcrops of basaltic rocks along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, using the Sbren-sen similarity index, we found that the Arocutin and Huaniqueo pedregals are the most closely related, both at generic and specific level. This is followed by the pedregal of San Angel in Mexico City and finally the pedregal of Chichinautzin, Morelos. Additionally, traditional uses of some plants are recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la subfamilia de hierbas perennes o anuales Aristidoideae y su única tribu, las Aristideae. Para la subfamilia se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se describe su distribución geográfica y se discurre sobre su presencia en la región de Veracruz, México.

El artículo enfoca en la familia de árboles arbustos o sufrútices, Chrysobalanaceae, la cual se considera parte del orden Malpighiales. Para la familia y sus géneros correspondientes se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se describe su distribución geográfica y se discurre sobre su presencia en la región de Veracruz, México.

It was diagnosed the pest and diseases in Tectona grandis L.F (Teak) plantations in the area of Balzar, Guayas province. The objectives were to collect and to identify the insects plagues and the causal agents of illnesses that are present in the Teak plantations, to determine the level of incidence and severity of the fitosanitary problems. They were carried out samplings at random by means of journeys in transepts and parcels of 500 m2 distributed according to the surfaces of the country properties settled down. The insects were collected in dry and rainy season during six months. The pest and diseases of more incidence and severity were: Hyadaphis erysimi and Hortensia similis (Homoptera); and Colletotrichum sp., Olivea tectonae and Ceratocystis sp. in rainy season. Atta sp. (Hymenoptera), Hemileuca maia Drury and Scolytus sp. (Coleoptera); and Olivea tectonae in dry season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current recovery of the notion of landscape as a means of comprehending the relationships between nature, society and culture in their spatiotemporal dimensions, that is, as specific totalities, calls for a return to its most fecund presentations, beginning with what is perhaps the most outstanding version of them all, that of Alexander von Humboldt. On this occasion we intend to make a reading in terms of landscape of Essay on the Geography of Plants and of the accompanying Physical Tableau, the one of humboldtian works less known. We believe that our study will demonstrate that Humboldt's contribution on landscape and landscapes was to a great extent contained in the initial text of Geography of Plants; which in turn enables us to explore the fundamental relationship between landscape and the initial development of Biogeography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas herbáceas acuáticas Hydrocharitaceae y dos de sus géneros,Egeria e Hydromystria. Para las especies Egeria densa y Hydromystria laevigata se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas herbáceas Anacampserotaceae y sus géneros Anacampseros, Grahamia y Talinopsis. Se menciona que éstos géneros se clasificaban anteriormente en la familia Portulacaceae. Para las especies Anacampseros coahuilensis y Talinopsis frutescens se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.