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Azorella is a genus with 26 species of Azorelloideae (Apiaceae) that grow from Costa Rica to the subantartic islands, being distintive and dominant in different environments of the Andean Cordilleras from Venezuela to Patagonia. The species of Azorella that grow in Argentina have been revised taxonomically in a previous study. However, knowledge of the remaining species is fragmentary and uneven. The aim of this paper is to update and standardize the information of the 11 species of Azorella absent in Argentina and present in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and/or Venezuela. We provide descriptions for those species and update distributional maps, and we solve nomenclatural and typification problems for 41 names, designating 2 type species, 16 lectotypes and 1 neotype. In addition, we provide 10 new illustrations, and an identification key for all the species of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic treatment of the genus Diplolepis is here presented. Based on molecular and biogeographical information recently published, this group is monophyletic and its geographical distribution is restricted to southwestern South America. The study comprised the analysis of herbarium specimens including nomenclatural types, supplemented with collections and observation of species in the field. This paper describes the variation in the morphology of the genus, including habit, stems, leaves, inflorescence, calyx, corolla, corona, gynostegium, pollinia, fruits and seeds. The morphological and distributional differences between Diplolepis and related genera are discussed. A key to differentiate the species of the genus is here given. Within each species we provide the valid name, synonyms, description of vegetative and reproductive morphological characters, geographical distribution, ecology, uses, common names, phenology, iconography and specimens examined. A lectotype is designated for D. viridis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guadua tagoara subsp. tagoara is reported for the first time in Argentina, it is described and illustrated. A map showing its geographical distribution in South America and a key to the species and subspecies in Argentina are also provided. A lectotype for Bambusa distorta is here designated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new species Sida chiquitana (Cordifoliae), S. parva (Distichifolia), S. cavernicola, S. Glocimari (Malacroidea), S. cabraliana, S. rhizomatosa, S. sucupirana (Muticae), S. japiana and S. Lilianae (Nelavaga) are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transcription and a critical review on Aimé Bonpland´s scarcely known manuscripts dealing with the geographical distribution of wild "yerba mate" (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil., Aquifoliaceae) trees in South America is presented here. Among other data, Bonpland´s assumptions on the occurrence of wild "yerba mate" individuals within present day Uruguayan boundaries are matched with modern voucher specimens of this species collected in Uruguay, and also with miscellaneous bibliographical sources, including details from later reports from Bonpland himself, and also from other contemporary naturalists who travelled through this country in the 1820´s and 1830´s, as well as with phytogeographical information. As a conclusion, it is supposed that these Bonpland´s notes, written during his early years of residence at the Río de La Plata basin, contain mistaken information that the same botanist did not report again, as his knowledge of the Argentinian Delta, the Uruguayan environment and the 'yerba mate" got deeper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentzelia aspera L. is cited for the first time for the Paraguayan flora; this is the first record for the genus Mentzelia and the second for the family Loasaceae from Paraguay. To facilitate identification, a description of the species and some images of diagnostic features are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lichen species Ephebe ocellata Henssen is reported from South America and Lecidea plana (Lahm) Nyl. from Argentina, both for the first time. New localities are reported for the following species: Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) Massal., Candelariella vitellina (Ehrh.) Muller Arg, Dimerella lutea (Dickson) Trevisan, Lecanora rupicola (L) Zahlbr, Rhizocarpon germinatum Korber y Rhizocarpon grande (Florke ex Flotow) Arnold which widen the knowledge of their geographic distribution. The morpho-anatomical characters and chemical reactions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Chuquirags as here treated comprises 19 species of xerophyllous bushes of South America; the history and systematic relationships within the genus and with other genera, and the morphology, geographical distribution and economic importance of the species are discussed. The taxonomic treatment includes a description of the genus, keys to the sections, series and species, and a list of excluded names. All the taxa are described and illustrated and distribution maps are given. In many cases, nomenclatural problems, intraspecific variability and affinities between the species are also analyzed. In this revision a new infrageneric classification is proposed, the genus being divided into two sections: Acanthophylla nov. sect., and Sect. Chuquiraga with two series-Parviflorae nov. ser. and Ser. Chuquiraga. Other taxonomical novelties are: Two new subspecies are described (Ch. spinosa Less. Subsp. australis and subsp. huamanpinta) and three changes of status are proposed (Ch. spinosa subsp. rotundifolia (Weddell) nov. stat., Ch. ulicina subsp. acicularis (Don) nov. stat. and Ch. erinacea subsp. hystrix (Don) nov. stat.). The name Ch. parviflora (Gris.) Hieron., which had been reduced to synonymy of Ch. oppositifolia Don, is rehabilitated, and the morphological and geographical differences between both species are discussed. A new epithet is proposed (Ch. morenonis (O. Ktze) nov. stat.) for Ch. argentea (Speg.) Speg., name invalidated by an earlier homonym. The name Ch. spinosa (Ruiz et Pav.) Don, erroneously used to designate the taxon here described as Ch. spinosa Less. Subsp. huamanpinta, is excluded form the genus. The following names are reduced to synonymy for the first time: Ch. erinacea f. pulvinata Cabrera; Ch. incana Phil.; Ch. insignis var. armata Weddell; Ch. johnstonii Tovar, Ch. jussieui var. lancifolia (H. et B.) Koster, Ch. kingii Ball, Ch. oppositifolia var. macrantha Gay; Ch. oppositifolia var. macrocephala Weddell, Ch. pseudoruscifolia Muschler; Ch. revoluta Field et Gardn, Ch. ulicina var. incana (Phil.) Johnston. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]