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There has been a change in international politics since the 2008 financial crisis, thanks to a greater spread of economic resources and military capabilities. For many, it is a radical transformation that could spell the end of US hegemony in Latin America. This paper examines the proposition, beginning with a review of the concept of hegemony, which rather than being viewed as a structural characteristic is conceived of here as a "nuanced hegemony", in other words a network of asymmetric and hierarchical relations. We can observe not just one transformation then, but the emergence of a hemispheric context that could be described as "differentiated hegemony". The United States still occupies a central position, but its foreign policy is marked by subregional fragmentation and the externalisation of electoral priorities. The paper explores the effects at subregional level, focusing on the opportunities and challenges it presents to Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Latin America's role in an international system in flux, with high levels of uncertainty and transformations that signal a shift in the geoeconomic and geopolitical landscape across the world. Against this backdrop, the paper examines the challenges (both old and new) the region must face, focusing on the impact of global changes on regional dynamics and the capacity of the different countries to find answers both to the international situation and old and new internal problems. In addition, as an introductory paper to this monograph entitled "Geopolitics from Latin America: a change of cycle and multipolarity", it identifies the fulcrums of these changes, their impact, the main actors involved and the processes underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ties between Latin America and Asia by moving beyond the homogenisation of the two regions through elevating the importance of opposition to a third party, in this case an "imperialist" and developed North. In contrast to normative analyses based on outmoded conceptions of world history, it proposes an intellectual exercise that problematises the interregional bond by placing the emphasis on heterogeneities rather than broad bush approaches that ignore the complex and diverse national and regional realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international system is in a period of transition, marked by a weakening of multilateralism, challenges to the liberal order and the consolidation of new global leaderships. In addition, various cross-border crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic, have compounded the effects of these changes at a regional level. Given this context, what room is there for regional cooperation in Latin America? As a tool for regional coordination and integration into international flows and dynamics, regionalism can boast achievements, but challenges remain. In analytical terms, this paper proposes an approach that enables an examination of the combination of interests, ideas and institutions at play on a regional level in Latin America. The central argument is that the changing dynamics of regionalism are a product of the way in which states' interests interact with ideas about the region in a specific institutional environment over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a world of growing international competition and rivalry between China and the United States, Latin America and the European Union (EU) are caught in the same thorny dilemma. Positioned between these global giants, both regions are facing a retorn to a Westphalian system of nation-states, which undermines their roles as emerging regional players. In view of these new global challenges in Latin America and the EU, this paper uses a qualitative and comparative approach to explore foreign policy discourses on autonomy in both regions. It examines their goals and priorities and assesses the potential regional and interregional consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emergence of the paper as a kind of writing in the area of the Humanities that, in recent times, and with institutional support, has been imposed as the nearly unique and acceptable kind of academic discourse. The aim of this paper is, first, to study the main characteristics of this kind of writing, based on information in the manuals and instructions for paper writing and, secondly, to signal its implications for the intellectual work in general and for the work in Latin America in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a question about the "diasporic" position of certain authors of cultural criticism in Latin America, always halfway between academic affiliation and a kind of fractious position regarding their increasingly bureaucratized practices of knowledge administration, this paper proposes a reading of three representative texts by the Brazilian-Argentine critic Raul Antelo: Crítica acéfala, Archifilologías latinoamericanas. Lecturas tras el agotamiento and A ruinologia. These strange and problematic texts seem to be articulated from a position that not only (post)critically revises the foundations of more conventional criticism, but also moves toward the behavior of the most radical bids of artistic conceptualism; in other words, in them criticism becomes an act: intervention. And therein lies its forceful emergence in the framework of contemporary literary and cultural studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to identify the contributions that internal communication has on the functioning of higher education organizations by analyzing the current state of research on the subject. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology. The search for articles in the open databases Redalyc and Dialnet and in the closed databases Ebsco-Academic Search Ultimate, Ebsco-Business Source Complete, Web of Science was based on 328 articles to which four filters were applied, resulting in a fi- nal corpus of 18 articles. The main findings determined that the topic has been developed mostly by authors from Latin America; the research takes into account all educational agents (students, teachers, administrators and managers) and mainly has four approaches: internal communication and its relationship with other elements; from the approach of the inclusion of digital media; as part of organizational functioning and from the training of communication professionals. It is concluded that internal communication is considered an important element for the fulfillment of organizational objectives and the generation of motivation, sense of belonging and integration of all personnel. However, it is considered as implicit in the functioning of educational organizations and therefore specific planning, development and evaluation processes are not carried out. Greater attention should be paid to internal communication in order to exploit its potential as a strategy for the improvement of educational organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin America has been usually portrayed as an ill geographical space, with no possibility of healing in order to change its current destiny. It is also frequent to think about the crises and setbacks that accompany its history. This essay studies interventions of Latin American intellectuals and publicists who, between the end of the 19th century and the 1920s, resorted to the image of disease --and other associated medical notions-- to explain the tragic destinies of the region and thus defined a repertoire of ideas that seem to have endured. The paper focuses on two moments because of their importance in the emergence of repertoires of ideas, images and metaphors. On the one hand, the 1898 war between Spain and the United States, and European imperialism as a backdrop; on the other, the Great War and its effects, overlapping with the setting of the Latin-American centennials (1910-24), the Mexican Revolution (1910) and the Reforma Universitaria (University Reform, 1918), which began in Argentina but created a university movement in other Latin American countries. Therefore, as a general argument, theis paper argues that it is feasible to organize a body of texts produced in different Latin American countries between the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th that has formed an interpretative repertoire, which operates as a matrix to characterize the Latin American region and associate its destiny to notions such as disease, condemnation, impossibility and failure. Particularly, the paper highlights how references to illnesses in literal and metaphorical senses show the overlap between notions such as disease-conquest-colonization and diseaseimperialism-European decadence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards the end of the colonial period the east coasts of the General Captaincy of Venezuela were the setting of an intense movement of ideas, papers and people, as well as of conspiracies and confrontments (both armed and unarmed). In that context emerged the figure of Francisco Isnardi, who would soon be imprisoned for alleged intentions to conspire. The study of this case of treason, especially of the suspect's library, which was confiscated, allows us to present a set of problems regarding the diffusion of enlightened values in Tierra Firme during that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article I move forward with the development of a new theory of World Society, and in particular of a theory of capitalism rooted in the history of the 20th Century, which follows from a proposal for paradigmatic renewal that I call the "World Paradigm". To this end, I engage in a selective dialogue with Marx's work. I start from the assumption that the World Society is created in the middle of the 20th century and, along with it, that the economy is only at that time mundialised, generating a new capitalist formation which I call the "Intercapital System". In this paper I assimilate Marx's methodological contributions to the study of social change and focus on two decisive aspects of the Marxian vision: the genesis and the historical evolution of capitalism. Attention to this last point allows me to analyse - among other aspects - the way in which Marx approaches the "colonial question". Each section of the paper is preceded by my preliminary view of the issue, and the conclusions seek to highlight the value of this proposal for renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of the article "Aptitud de la mujer para ejercer todas las profesiones," by Soledad Acosta de Samper, presented at the Congreso Pedagógico Hispano-Lusitano-Americano in Madrid, Spain in 1892. Acosta discusses women's roles in 19th-century society, particularly in Latin America, and examines the intense academic and social debate surrounding this topic. She also analyzes the schooling women receive in educational systems and compares women's roles in various countries in Latin America and Europe.

The present paper wants to share the project called "Participative Community methodologists in ludoteca felt and thought from education". It stared in 2022. The idea is part of a process in the subject Community and Institutional Psychology, that belongs to the career of University technicality in Social Education of the Faculty of Education of the National University of Cuyo. This process began 5 year ago and aims deepening and building bridges of knowledge and meanings between Social Education and Community Psychology. Furthermore, this experience is part of the Educational Social Practices Program (PSE) belonging to the Secretariat of Extension and Linkage of the UNCuyo. This project sought to ensure that students who were studying the university subjectof Community and Institutional Psychology, of the FED - UNCuyo, applied participatory community methodologies. They recived the tutoring of advanced students and graduates of the carrear and teachers. The project was carried out in a place called "ludoteca" in the "Nucleus of Innovation and Development of Opportunities" (NIDO). In addition, the specific objectives were: 1- Carry out methodologies that promote understanding of the socio-historical context; 2- Analyze current problems and needs that afflict the child population; 3- Understand the population dynamics involved and 4- Maintain, through play, a healthy space that favors the construction of strategies to address the problems of daily life. The starting point was theoretical references that put in a constant dialogue between community psychology and social education knowledges in latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some Latin American countries have introduced presidential recall in the last three decades. This exceptional and spontaneous mechanism by which somebody can remove a servant elected through a popular vote from office before the end of his term aims to broaden participation, empower citizens, and improve the responsibility and accountability of servants. However, the recall faces the challenge of being an instrument serving interests outside of its normative ideal. What are the consequences of holding a recall referendum? Under what conditions can the recall yield better results and be more effective? This paper answers these questions by comparing the presidential recall held in Venezuela, Bolivia, and Mexico. The evidence suggests that the mechanism can have substantial advantages and fulfill its objective when its holding is justified, there is no intervention from relevant political actors, and the institutional design does not hinder or discourage participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides empirical evidence to the premise that the theoretical and methodological approach of Linguistics to the study of genres of the professional field has not had the same emphasis as the academics ones (Cassany & López, 2011; Montolío & López, 2010; Author, 2006, Lillis, 2021). In this sense, the objective of this research was to describe the study of professional genres between 2008 and 2017 in the 10 leading journals of Linguistics in Latin America. For this, a mixed approach was used in a corpus of 1,729 publications. The results indicate that only 1.85% of the researchs analizes professional genres, mainly about Articles of Scientific Research (36.3%), Judicial Sentences (27.2%) and News (18.1%), which evidences a pending challenge in Linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes counter-hegemonic struggles in the face of the 21st century extractivism offensive in Latin America. First, it examines the emergence of a new generation of social movements against neoliberalism and subsequently against extractivism, shaped by the affected communities in alliance with a variety of subaltern groups that express the displacement of struggles towards the place for the reproduction and existence of life: the territory. In this context, the current Colombian scenario is presented, where one of the main banners of the new progressive government is the gradual de-escalation of the extractivist model within the framework of environmental justice, as an expression of an alternative hegemony. Finally, the paper highlights some of the main challenges of the struggle between capital and life in the face of the resurgence of extractivism in times of war, a socially and ecologically unsustainable model and one of the main obstacles in the construction of peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First-generation students (FGS) have become a recent field of study as a result of the massification processes of higher education. The objective of this paper is to analyze Latin American articles on FGS published from 2002 to 2020, and indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO; the research is centered on the dimensions/variables under study and the theoretical approaches and methodologies used. The results show that research on FGS in Latin America is in the incipient stage—produced primarily in the Southern Cone. It follows the theoretical patterns of the global north; in other words, the object of study is addressed through sociological or psychological theories that emphasize individual characteristics as a determining factor in academic persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent global trends show high levels of households' indebtedness in developed and emerging economies. This paper proposes a method applicable in those economies where a household financial survey and interest rate caps exist. The method applies to the country with the most indebted households in Latin America, Chile. The results state that: (i) the same debt threshold does not apply to all households as variables such as income affect it; (ii) the debt threshold increases with households' income level; (iii) the presence of mortgage debt increases the debt thresholds; (iv) Chilean households overindebted are more than a quarter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with some fundamental problems of the subfield of social/sociological theory, particularly in our Latin American context, taking as a stimulus or pretext some of the problems raised in the book La gran transformación de la sociología, by Esteban Torres. After some initial remarks about the consequences of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic on our sociological activity, the text proceeds in three successive steps. First, some discussions are raised about the appropriate scale for sociological analysis (including a defense of middle range theorizing); then, we reflect on the temporality involved in theorizing, the challenges of social acceleration and the dead ends of "theoricism"; finally, a discussion is raised about the meaning of theorizing from the "South". The conclusions reaffirm the need to continue the debates in this field, valuing Torres' contributions but also highlighting some important differences with his proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the issue of food security, articulating it with the relevance of achieving SDG 2, as one of the fundamental objectives set by the United Nations Organization for Sustainable Development (2015). To achieve this end, the research focuses on four fundamental aspects: 1. The relevance of food security in the global context and the need for timely access to food for individuals, without neglecting the asymmetric structural contexts on the planet, such as hunger and poverty, which limit the conditions for development (FAO, 2009). 2. The relevance of SDG 2 for food security, the production of goods and food effectively, preventing actions that threaten life on the planet (Cóndor et. al, 2022). 3. The presence of people who suffer from hunger in the Latin American and Caribbean region, which has been on the rise since the 2010s and which limits the possibilities of access to sustainability and better living conditions (ECLAC, 2019), a fact that has been intensified with the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic (FAO, 2021). 4. The COVID-19 pandemic that has given rise to new vulnerabilities and conditions for access to food, resulting, among other things, in the stunted growth of infants under five years of age. The method used is documentary review. It concludes on the relevance of food security for the achievement of sustainable development, for the reduction of poverty and structural asymmetric conditions, without failing to recognize the distance that exists to reach the fulfillment of these objectives, especially in convulsive scenarios such as those of the global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is inscribed in the frameworks of the history of ideas in our America, as a concern to understand what was expressed about culture by this generation of Latin American Boom writers; whose phenomenon, with multiple objects of study, manages to interact the spheres of cultural life in the region from the sixties of the last century: the literary, the political, the editorial, the aesthetic; all dimensions necessary to generate more satisfactory and nuanced definitions than those presented by the critical-analytical apparatuses that reduce it to a movement, generation, group or literary style. This paper joins the effort to investigate and create more complete definitions for this phenomenon through the following methodologies: literary historiography, Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of literary chronotopes and the thematic study of the literary corpus produced by the Latin American boom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the role of corruption in social instances in Latin America, its effects and the perception that public administration has among citizens. To achieve this end, the following aspects are addressed: 1. The conceptualization of corruption, as part of a systematic framework, which distorts the scope of the public and private spheres, as well as the political, economic and power spheres, serving as a incentive for the breakdown of democratic institutions. 2. The failures of the State when it comes to dealing with corruption, which has resulted in its institutionalization, having a notable impact on public opinion, expanding through the media, making this a precarious condition within political agendas Latin American. 3. The critical review from the philosophical and legal postulates, which guide the treatment of corruption from clear and precise sanctions, which tend to strengthen the public sphere, democracy and the institutionalization of the State. It concludes in the urgency of promoting State reforms, establishing appropriate laws and sanctions for corruption cases, which, consequently, leads to the strengthening of the social fabric and the recovery of the State's credibility by the citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the cumulative production of knowledge about the development of Latin America, in general, and Argentina, in particular, from the case of Economic Development, in the period 1958-1975. The author proposes, through a conceptual theoretical analysis, that the accumulation of knowledge is evidenced by gradually posing new analysis variables and questions. Between 1958 and 1959, a central problem was the transformation of an agrarian productive structure into an industrial one. Between 1961 and 1969, the above is assumed, and includes social and political aspects of Latin American underdevelopment. Between 1970 and 1975, the magazine publishes discussions on dependency and on some specific experiences of underdevelopment, condensing problematizations and findings from the two previous periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial inequality associated with the location of population and activities, access to infrastructure and services, employment and material living conditions, is a historical reality in Latin America. This phenomenon has accompanied the demands of successive development models, and since the mid-twentieth century it has begun to be recognised in its full complexity with the installation of developmentalist governments. As a result, various public policies were adopted that failed to have a significant impact on these inequalities or to address their social consequences. Given the need to reformulate approaches, optimise resources and overcome obstacles in the implementation of public policies, this paper seeks to analyse the policies on the government agenda in Argentina from the change of management materialized at the end of 2019, identifying the limitations, achievements and potentialities of the policies proposed in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico and their effects on territorial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I analyze two articulations of the philosophical actuality in Theodor Adorno's thought. Firstly, I determine the original configuration of the problem focusing on The Actuality of Philosophy (1931). In the second instance, I recover fragments of Towards a new manifesto (1954) with the aim of establishing the way in which such a question is reformulated thanks to the protagonism of critical theory's addressee. In this way, I seek to point out a series of considerations around the Critical Theory's actuality through the evocation of disquisitions on coloniality that emerged in Latin American philosophy, which point to the contemporary displacement of such theoretical orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persuasive and stimulating capacity of games has reached the information field. The newsgames have opened a stage full of possibilities and, at the same time, of questions. Located between the world of video games and journalism, they are inspired by real problems and situations that occur today. Based on the above, the study analyzes a total of 1 1 newsgames in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses as a journalistic tool, based on a qualitative methodology based on case studies, virtual ethnography and surveys of journalism students. The research analyzes the following newsgames: Narco Guerra, Escape from Woomera, FindMe", Sweatshop, Papers, Filosofighters, Democracy, Global Conflict: Palestine, Global Conflict: Latin America, Cutthroat Capitalism and Root 33. The study concludes, among other aspects, that there is a predominance of topics related to foreign policy and conflict resolution, detects their training potential and verifies the importance of the application of informational attributes typical of journalistic messages to confer credibility. Finally, the scientific interest in this type of research that contributes to the players assuming a critical citizenship was evidenced, thus recognizing their sense of belonging in a global context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the theoretical-conceptual assumptions concerning cultural heritage and its link with Latin American cultural identity. To achieve this goal, we reflect on cultural heritage as a material, tangible and intangible asset of humanity, whose value is not obtained in a utilitarian way, but through its connection with the ancestral legacy and with social identification towards it. On the other hand, it points out the importance of the ownership and conservation of heritage buildings, which is why cultural management is essential, whose purpose is to summon the citizenry, the State and private entities to respect and value heritage, assuming a responsible, sustainable and sustained attitude towards emblematic historic buildings in Latin America, which have been victims of human intervention, violence, and various natural disasters. Finally, by understanding that adequate care and understanding of the historical, social and philosophical relevance of historical heritage buildings would improve not only the material conditions of the buildings, but also the citizen's conception of their identity and the role they play. as a mechanism of resistance to the changes sponsored by globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent electoral successes of right-wing and far-right actors in different parts of the world have prompted discussion on various topics: the causes of their rise, their characteristics and strategies, the motivations of electorates and the depth of the right-wing shifts in a range of societies. This paper proposes key themes for systematising this debate and some clues to understanding the rise of the right in such diverse and heterogeneous national realities. It also suggests recovering a constructivist conceptualisation of "authoritarian traditions" in order to analyse the mobilisation strategies, behaviour and coordination of right-wing groups from a perspective that highlights their dynamic and innovative nature. This approach allows us to (re)think authoritarianism as the result of symbolic practices and discourses that are assembled, (re)invented and updated to serve various purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the literature about Revista Moderna (1898-1903) and Revista Moderna de México (1903-1911) assumes that both publications integrate a single editorial project because of its affiliation with the Latin American modernism, particularly with that of the second generation, which presented a more decadent aspect. Although some scholars have noted the differences between the two formats, the petit revue and the North American styled magazine, the truth is that Revista Moderna de México has been reviewed in very similar terms to its predecessor, that is, as a literary, elitist and minority magazine, representative of a group with a specific literary positioning. In this paper, I will examine some of the devices that the editors of Revista Moderna de México used to articulate this transformation not only of format, but also of discursive positioning, mediated by the political and publishing market conditions from that time. This study pretends to draw attention to the set of negotiations and resistance that some agents of the literary field carried out through their professionalization process and their search for an alleged autonomy regarding other recognition figures during the transition from the 19th century to the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at explaining the grammaticalization of igual (and lo mismo) as a reformulative and concessive marker based on a corpus of diachronic texts. The objectives are threefold: to find out the possible relation between the evolution of igual and that of lo mismo in this case, to investigate in what previous contexts the new functions were acquired and in which area they were originated. The corpus study reveals that the evolutions of both forms are related, but the change of formal preference (lo mismo > igual) caused that the grammaticalization of lo mismo as a connective failed and that of igual was successful. The exploration of the previous contexts reflects the link between the reformulative and concessive values. Finally, the process took place in Rio de la Plata area and from there it spread to the inside of Argentina and Chilean Spanish, where it became a popular form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the five General Conferences of the Latin American Episcopate held over the course of half a century, from the first one, held in Rio, until the most recent one in Aparecida. To facilitate the understanding of these Conferences, the theological context of each is recalled and some of the main points of their "Conclusions" are indicated. These Episcopal Assemblies prove that there is a specifically Latin American pastoral theology. Nonetheless, if before one had to prevent Eurocentric exaggerations, it is currently necessary that one avoid excessive Latin Americanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper analyzes, from a gender perspective, 16 Spanish language textbooks, of 6th year of Primary Education, published between 2009 and 2019 by five publishers with distribution in Spain and Latin America. The general objective of this research is to know what presence female writers have in textbooks and how each publisher reflects this presence. An ad hoc template was developed to classify the readings according to whether they were texts written by women, by men or texts expressly designated as anonymous. A total of 987 readings were quantified, of which 212 were written by women (20.43%) and 717 by men (73.52%). In this research it has been found that there is an increase in the number of texts written by women as editions occur, however, the presence of female writers is still very scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper engages with the meanings and practices of digital sovereignty that four social collectives are building and enacting in Latin America. Through a qualitative methodological approach based on semi-structured interviews with founding members of the selected collectives, we sought to know how they conceive and carry out activities of digital sovereignty on a daily basis. Among the research findings, the identification of five articulating axes in the work of these organizations stands out, namely: 1) conception / proposal of particular digital sovereignty; 2.) ways to achieve/achieve digital sovereignty; 3.) criticism and resignification in the ways of making digital sovereignty; 4.) agents involved and 5.) relationship with other groups and/ or organizations interested in digital sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the behavior of the Economic Fitness indicator as a measure of the international competitiveness of Latin American economies, as well as an indicator of their relationship with per capita income gaps and the Human Development Index (HDI). Positive correlations were found between per capita income gaps and the stagnation of the international competitiveness of Latin American economies, as well as between human development levels and the productive structure, suggesting a causal relationship between human development and competitiveness. This paper also finds that the Economic Fitness indicator fluctuates significantly when estimated using exports in domestic value-added, suggesting that the original estimate may over- or underestimate competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 5.4 million people have fled Venezuela in the last decade, with 4.6 million arriving in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Most are refugees seeking to settle in another of the region's countries, including Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. This paper focuses on the Venezuelan diaspora towards these countries and analyses whether these borders should be defined as open or closed, along with the forms of institutional incorporation or exclusion these people have experienced. To do this, it takes a case-by-case approach, reviewing legislation and analysing policy for each country. While Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay are all Mercosur members and signed the common residence agreement, which facilitated the movement of people, Paraguay has not created a special migration category for Venezuelan citizens, and has taken a more restrictive approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a comparative study of the socio-state capacities developed during the processes of institutionalising protected natural areas (PNA) in Latin America. It sets them within a framework of their interdependence with global governance processes and in relation to the role human rights have played for these purposes. Taking an approach that combines analysis of multilevel collective action with process monitoring, this work traces the trajectories of national and multilateral institutions; analyses the main dynamics that arise in the delimitation of the protection of natural areas in the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the region; and explores the possibilities for new agreements on the global agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For fifty years, Afro Ecuadorian intellectual and activist Juan García Salazar (1948-2017) documented the collective wisdom inscribed in the oral tradition of African descent peoples in Ecuador. This archive emerges in the region's intellectual realm as a political intervention that seeks to vindicate afro Ecuadorian historical demands while protecting and transmitting ancestral knowledge. It is an expression of the guardians of tradition and a community that defies the Ecuadorian state's white-mestizo hegemony. In Abuelo Zenón, Juan Garcia's compiles the Afro Pacific region's collective wisdom through a dialogical character in his writings. In Ze-nón's reflections, it is possible to read the arch in the work of a collection of materials developed by García, the political proposal of the Gran Comarca of northern Esmeraldas as a strategy for protecting the ancestral land of afro descendants in the region, and the pedagogic efforts to promote the sense of identity within the communities. This paper engages in a dialogue with the aesthetic proposals inscribed in the teachings of Abuelo Zenón. Doing so exemplifies the different stages of a historical process that has adopted different vehicles to document, protect, and strategically share knowledge with concrete political objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present a way of approaching the study of discourses from the interpretative paradigm, based on the ACD in its Latin American side as a theoretical framework and applying a predominantly qualitative and inductive methodology. This is the Method of Converging Linguistic Approaches for CDA. This method deepens the analysis of texts (written or oral) as sociodiscursive units and their purpose is to reflect on social phenomena and problems from data obtained in linguistic-discursive analysis. In this case, from the analysis of digital comments derived from a piece of news referring to the housing problem of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, it is illustrated how the method enables to study, first, the discursive categorization and, second, the focused categories including the most predominant ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recurrent changes that we are experiencing nowadays indicates that we are immerse in the XXI century, which means that we are facing a globalized society that requires an ethical, critical and aware individual capable to face the different problems that afflict their communities or country of residence. That is why talking about linking ethical values with university responsibility is necessary, considering that the vast Latin America must educate, not only and individual trained to carry out and activity in a certain discipline of knowledge, but also that he is responsible professional with the institution that formed him, as well as with the environmental, ecological, moral and social elements. This paper aims to describe the different definitions of University Social Responsibility (RSU) talking into account characteristics such as: 1.- Impact of this in the Globalized Society 2.-Emergence of the RSU concept, based on the laws that gave rise to it, 3.- Differences between Corporate Social Responsibility (RSE) and University Social Responsibility, 4.-Ethical values and their involvement with University Social Responsibility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred years after the birth of Leopoldo Zea, one of the most prominent philosophers of Latin America, in this paper we reflect on the role of the human being in history and the philosophy proposed by the author. We gather his vision about the Western philosophical heritage, anthropocentric and Eurocentric, facing the possibility of generating from our region a philosophy centered on the idea that all humans are human. Thus, we will unveil his criticism to the pretension of a universal Man and we will make visible his anthropological and humanist proposal, from which he manifests the need of recognition, from the cultural diversity, of all human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a rereading of experiences in Latin American schools committed to "improving peaceful coexistence." Our interest is to analyze these experiences according to the concept of school convivencia, within a framework of the discursive community of cultural policy. This community defines convivencia as the processes and results of efforts to construct lasting peace in schools through pedagogical and administrative practices that are inclusive, equitable, and participative, and that address conflict through dialog. The cases are from two studies that collect experiences from six countries, as self-managed efforts of innovation in school administration. The exercise shows the relevance of using a comprehensive, operational concept of school convivencia, which permits guiding the analysis and identifying, among diverse innovative strategies and teaching methods, the practices of inclusion, equity, and participation aimed at strengthening students' educational processes, as well as community cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims provides some reflections on the transitions that the sense of the Right to Health in Venezuela has embodied in the period 1960 to 2021. For this, a critical review of the health legislation in force during that period is carried out, as well as of the Reform and Counter-reform processes attempted within the framework of the dynamic historical-political contexts that the country has gone through. It is possible to characterize periods, and to show approaches, distances and transitions to the neoliberal model in the process of establishment in Latin America; from regularities, similarities and asynchronous parallels, identified in the contrast with what happened in other countries of the region, Chile and Colombia; also revealing possible horizons for the Right to Health in the Venezuela of the XXI century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of “suffering” in the migratory experience of displaced Venezuelans on their way to Peru, in the context of departure, during the journey, and arrival context. Through a mixed qualitative methodology of participant observation and interviews, we seek to understand the significance of suffering in the different phases of the process. In the analyzed case, it was found that each phase corresponds to different motives and types of suffering and that others remain in the three stages. Although the concept of suffering is implicit in many recent academic contributions about the migration phenomenon, there is a need for adequate theoretical development of the suffering of Venezuelan displaced persons. This study contributes to the literature on migration and suffering, and at the same time, to the emerging literature on the Venezuelan exodus in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the paper are to identify the types of State that propose the main economic approaches that were designed after the perfect competition model, and to make approximations to the size of the identified States. The analysis method is composed of two steps: selection of the key functions that are required for the implementation of economic processes, and definition of the degree of State intervention in these functions. The results indicate that the minimum States are diverse and that the planning States are different. Of the approaches that base the coordination of economic processes in the market, the ultra-minimal versions of the State are those designed by the perfect competition model and Pareto welfare economics, while the most extensive exposures are those drawn by development economics and Latin American structuralism with the welfare State and the developmental State, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te objective of this paper is to contribute to the current theoretical and conceptual debates that address the technopolitical phenomenon. Specifically, it addresses the processes of appropriation and use of information and communication technologies that the new indigenous movements carry out in the Latin American continent, whose central purpose is to confront the colonial matrix of power that governs the functioning of the modern-modern-colonial-capitalist world system. It is found that technopolitics emerges as a praxis of antagonistic struggle in contexts of intercultural conflict, which demands the design of research agendas that attend to the specificity of local processes that, "from below", dispute the meaning of interculturality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis Data mining in the educational field. In the literature review the articles published in the databases and indexes were analyzed: Springer Link, Scielo, Ebsco, Redalyc, Google Académico, Dialnet, Researchgate, Scopus, Latindex. We focus on texts that refer to Latin America as a region or to a set of countries, rather than to particular countries in the region. We have also focused on texts exclusively based on research in education. And as a result have a reference material on the state of the art of the topic Data Mining in Education or Educational Data Mining in its acronym in English. In conclusion, data mining in the educational field is a new resource to reach the detection and forecast of phenomena in the educational field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the present paper sets out to characterize the publication dynamics of collaborative research partnerships between Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean (EULAC) region in the last forty years. Objective: we adopt two approaches when analyzing data based on the following assumptions: 1) collaboration is characterized by a central relationship established between researchers from one LAC and one EU institution, 2) bi-regional collaboration is characterized by a series of scientific publications forged with different scientists and institutions. Our hypothesis is to find out if the bi-regional scientific relations between the EULAC countries through international collaboration have been strengthened in recent years thanks to the institutional and investigative efforts to internationalize their research. Materials and methods: we offer a literature review that involves co-publications from EULAC institutions published from 1991 to 2016 to study bi-regional research collaboration in different areas. We evaluate the temporal evolution of EULAC collaboration, the leadership of the publications, and the type of research domain covered. We have found 43 research papers that comply with our criteria. We have divided these into three main horizontal categories: EULAC collaboration, Ibero-American collaboration, and Specific EULAC countries collaboration. Each category has been divided into vertical categories: All disciplines, and Specific disciplines. Results: from this review, it is possible to have a map of the EULAC bi-regional co-publications divided into key areas of knowledge and the countries with more straight or weak scientific collaboration. Conclusions: we have observed how many studies are focused only on a particular area like Biotechnology or Nanotechnology, with a lack of scientific literature in Social Science and Humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the historical trajectories of South-South and triangular cooperation and its dimensions in Latin America. Based on this information, the paper intends to assess the framework’s role as an instrument of public diplomacy in developing countries, which enables participating countries to strengthen their international presence and establish strategic alliances with other countries. Building on the theoretical perspective of the framework, the study analyzes specific Cuban cases of South-South cooperation, linking them with the characteristic elements of public diplomacy, and assesses their impact on international development cooperation. In conclusion, the paper contends that Cuba and South Korea should explore the possible concrete links between the elements of international development cooperation and those of public diplomacy, and seek opportunities to foster South-South cooperation as part of public diplomacy. This will help developing countries to discover and establish new forms of exchanges between them and strengthen their cooperative relations with partner countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance Audits are among the competences of many Supreme Audit Institutions (sais), both in developed and developing countries. However, the level of real implementation of this technique in Latin America is underexplored. This paper aims to contribute to the analysis of the implementation of performance audits in Latin-American countries. This paper analyzed the situation of performance auditing in Latin America through a comparative study based on the evidence obtained from the websites of the sais and on a questionnaire sent to them. Results show a common rhetoric with respect to the importance of this technique but variations in practice. These variations can be explained by three reasons: rhetorical implementation, lack of fit between this technique and the problems facing Latin American countries and different levels of political and economic development. Access to information is quite difficult, fears to answer the questionnaire and lack of accessibility to the reports makes having a full picture a daunting task. Latin American sais should reevaluate the type of performance audit that suits their aims and adapt rather than adopt the tools developed in countries with different problems in public management. This paper offers a broad view of performance audit in Latin America. It reflects the effort of international organization and the limitations that performance audits confront in certain settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the economic models applied throughout history in Latin America, emphasizing the development of the neoliberal model, understood as the preference for markets over cultural norms; bringing up the substitution of the company name for an economy abundant in capital and accumulated wealth in a sector of the population. Thus, guaranteeing the conversion of social rights into commercial services, where its main purpose is the search for macroeconomic balances at the expense of marginalization, discrimination and violation of the rights of populations that represent multiculturalism in the region. That is why, the need to search for balance focused on individual and collective safeguarding in the face of abuse and capitalist arbitrariness. The present investigation assumes a theoretical-philosophical position; however, it recognizes the confluence in the political, cultural and ecological impact. Scenarios that have concentrated problems that lead to the destruction of the diversity of peoples in the region, disrupting the value and human dignity by pursuing a dominant culture, the assimilation of other vulnerable ones through the imposition of knowledge, beliefs and ways of life different from yours. For this reason, the importance of an economic model reoriented to the multidimensional compression of its impact on the environment is recognized, creating a horizontal coexistence with relegated and marginalized cultures in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]