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Parental attitudes towards parenting affect the manifestation of emotional and behavioral problems in the first years of a child's life. The objective of this study is to examine the association between parental attitudes towards parenting, emotional problems, and behavioral problems in children from 2 to 5 years of age from Sincelejo, Colombia. It is a quantitative approach. In total 183 caregivers were intentionally selected. Participants fulfilled: a sociodemographic questionnaire, a parental attitudes questionnaire and a child behavior checklist. In the results it was evidenced that sleep problems appeared in a negative relationship with discipline and commitment, this means that the less discipline and commitment, the more sleep problems. And with respect to externalized problems, it was found that attention problems, oppositional problems and aggressive behavior were related to little discipline and commitment. The results found allow us to reflect on the importance of discipline and commitment in the upbringing of children in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water management is one of the concerns that companies must prioritize. The hydrocarbon industries are not the exception, they leave behind a high quantity of production water. This review presents some of the most important strategies used globally to avoid the strong effects on the environment and reuse this resource as much as possible. In addition, the importance of water management nationally and in the hydrocarbon, industry is analyzed. For this, 52 documents related to the disposal of production waters were taken into account. More than 80 % of these documents have been published in the last five years, with special emphasis on Colombian publications, although few are worldwide references since they seek to establish a specific panorama in the national territory. From the study, we have been able to conclude that in Colombia, reinjection stands out among the main water management strategies. Ecopetrol reused 111.3 million m3 of water in 2021, which is equivalent to 74 % of the total volume of operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research is "To analyze the inclusion of people with hearing functional diversity in the Colombian workplace." This research is qualitative, based on a descriptive design and the humanistic approach. The participants were young people aged between 20 and 30 years from the Foundation "Support for Population with Special Needs" (abbreviated PONES in Spanish). A semi-structured interview composed by a dimension. It is concluded that in Colombia, job opportunities are limited for people who belong to the population with hearing functional diversity, mainly due to the lack of implementation of sign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ten years after the implementation of Law 1448 of 2011 for the comprehensive reparation of victims in Colombia, we developed non-experimental quantitative research to explore the interaction between feelings towards reconciliation (coexistence and reconstruction of trust) and the lasting resentment in victims of the conflict mobilized collectively in transitional justice scenarios. Method: We used data from two samples of participants from the departments of Caldas (N = 342) and Atlántico (N = 305). Results: We confirmed the scales on feelings toward reconciliation and lasting resentment, whose reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficients. Subsequently, we performed a structural equation analysis and confirmed the following hypotheses: (1) victims experience more feelings of co-existence than feelings for rebuilding trust, and (2) Lasting resentment is an obstacle to developing feelings towards reconciliation. Conclusions: We highlight that participants experience more feelings of coexistence and trust than they do lasting resentment; and that coexistence allows for the channeling of lasting resentment. These findings have considerable implications for the development of feelings towards reconciliation in transitional justice settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the cultural imposition of power discourses through the ritualization of beauty in contemporary society. Denounce the injuries that beauty pageants cause against human rights. It points out the sociocultural alienation that the commercialization of the woman's body implies. Along with this, it underlines the relationships that are established between the reification of human assets and the implementation of the social normalization that hegemonies require. Consequently, we promote the right of communities to organize themselves through the configuration of epistemic foundations that animate social relations. In order to support the claims, we examined The National Beauty Contest in Colombia. The study is inductive and descriptive, from a qualitative research approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the parental resources that families with deaf children build to promote and potentialize child's development. It is a mixed cross-sectional study. Five hearing mothers of hearing-impaired children were interviewed, including data from a sociodemographic survey of a group of 245 hearing-impaired children from Colombia. It is concluded that by assuming disability from diagnosis, the search for institutional support, by focusing on the capacities of their children, by reorganizing family routines, and responsibilities, a positive look to the future and perseverance, spirituality are some of the parental resources employed by mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When referring to pregnancy in adolescents or young people, on the one hand, it implies a whole approach to the estimated health risk for the mother and her unborn child; and on the other, the connotation given to the fact of maternating or paternalizing within a temporality and trajectory of the socially assigned course of life to study, work or simply dedicate itself to caring for oneself. The objective of the current work is to analyze the historical panorama of pregnancy in youth condition in Colombia and its trajectory in the municipality of Cúcuta during the period from 2012 to 2017. The methodology used was the search and systematic review of investigations, Historical, normative documents, Minutes of the municipal and departmental intersectoral tables of "teenage pregnancy prevention" around the subject. Among the results found, there is a marked risk perspective, historically constructed, as well as a tendency to increase pregnancies in children under 15 years. Conclusions: it is necessary to establish new ways to promote, together with adolescents and young people, decision-making based on their sexual and reproductive rights, also taking into account the context in which associated social determinants are registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Ministry of National Education of Colombia, Programs at the level of university education have a low graduation rate and dropout numbers are alarming. However, results vary in different regions of the country. Objective: To determine the factors related to student retention in face-to-face undergraduate programs offered by the Francisco de Paula Santander University, a public institution located in Cúcuta, a town bordering Venezuela. Method: Descriptive cross Quantitative approach with a sample of two hundred and sixteen (216) students from last semester. The instrument is a survey called "factors related to student retention in face-to-face undergraduate programs", designed and validated by the authors. Results: It was found that from the analyzed factors (personal, socio-economic, institutional and academic), the most influential is the one related to the personal. Conclusions: influential aspects are evident in achieving retention, which should be taken into account by the educational institutions in order to promote retention and reduce the backlog and desertion of their students; among them they are: motivation and how passionate the students are about the selected career; the definition of a method of study; the economic contribution of parents, although working while studying when you have a clear purpose is also relevant; the quality of the academic program; teaching methodology; as well as bibliographic and computer resources that are accessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the theoretical perspective of the protest social construction, there are analyzed motivations associated with the participation in social protests of pacific resistance with the political violence in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show the presence of a not violent ethos that makes counterweight to the legitimized beliefs of violence, that reflects the restructuring grade of the armed confrontation to the conflict official speech and, an emotional environment orientated to the reparation and the reconciliation politics. It is about of a public speech promoted by members of socials organizations compromised with pacific routes to confront the internal conflict armed in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate potential excess mortality attributable to influenza viruses A and B and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) during peak seasons of influenza virus circulation in Colombia from 1997 to 2005. Methods. A comparison of monthly, general mortality rates from pneumonia in children under 5 years of age and from pneumonia and cardiovascular disease in those more than 60 years of age in Bogota, Colombia, were compared to the city's peak seasons of influenza virus circulation. Mortality data were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of Colombia; peak seasons of virus circulation were defined as contiguous months in which the number of isolates was equal to or greater than half the total number of isolates for the year. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were determined. Results. Influenza A demonstrated a pattern of seasonal circulation, but influenza B and HRSV did not. The increased circulation of influenza virus was associated with an average annual increase of 5% in overall mortality during the study period (IRR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.046-1.064). During seasons of increased circulation of influenza viruses, the combined mortality from pneumonia and influenza for all ages was 11% higher than it was at other times (IRR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.051-1.178). Conclusions. During peak seasons of influenza virus circulation in Colombia, there can be increased mortality, particularly from pneumonia and cardiovascular disease among those more than 60 years of age. Preventive actions specific to protecting against influenza should be taken, especially in these two age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the sake of outlining some lines of analysis on the relation of the State nation and the globalization, in the Colombian context, to some Inter-subjective dimensions that circulate in the contemporary political Colombian culture around ideologies of right, left and liberalism, in which global facts, international factors, traditional practices and phenomena of national current situation play their specific role. It offers a dialectic glance of the subject, from the study of cases on the law of "Bancadas", the "FTA" and the policy of Democratic Security, among other subjects, that cause processes of national identification in the political and economic scope. The article offers ways to advance, to resist the tendencies of homogeneity that make invisible individual territorial configurations, where the national vanishes in the global thing and the self-determination is sacrificed, for categories like globalization and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indicators related to the Regulatory, Provisioning and Cultural Ecosystem Services were mapped, based on semi-structured interviews of owners and Administrators of 32 farms with banana crops, in Quindío Colombia. Three visits were made per site and ethnographic methods were used as a means of data collection, such as dialogue, approach to farmers and their families and semi-structured interviews. Aerial photographs were taken, in order to effect the division of the lots. In these lots, the geospatial position of the SE indicators was considered. The maps were created by means of the Argis 10.1.1 software, a Geographic Information System (GIS) tool. The combination of the participatory mapping of the indicators associated with the ecosystem services, with the GIS tool and the hierarchical analysis of clusters, allowed the grouping of the farms, facilitating the identification of the lots in which both threats and strengths in the generation of said services are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military operations occurring in areas where Leishmania spp. is endemic continually expose the military personnel of the Colombian National Army to contracting leishmaniasis. Medical treatments for this disease represent high costs in military logistics. The objective of this study was to quantify the parasitic load of Leishmania spp. in patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis, using real-time PCR kDNA minicircle amplification. Also, to identify the specific species using PCR amplification and sequencing of the HSP70 and MPI molecular markers to monitor and determine the effectiveness of meglumine antimoniate versus pentamidine isethionate treatment, and its relation to other clinical-epidemiological data. In addition to demonstrating the efficacy of treatments and their characteristics, the risk of future outbreaks of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was identified in certain cases, and a multifactorial explanation of the differences found between clinical-epidemiological variables was noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The armed conflict in Colombia is considered one of the most violent in Latin America. Children as a vulnerable population are most affected, increasing their risk of developing mental problems such as anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of the most frequent mental problems in the Colombian children affected by armed conflict. Methodology. A cross-sectional study, using data from the National Mental Health Survey 2015. With children aged 7 to 11 years, in whom the RQC, PCL and DISC-IV-P (3.0.1) were applied. Results. We described information on 100 displaced children between 7 and 11 years old due to armed conflict, being a representative sample at national level. It was found that 98.7% of this population is at school, as well as 17.8% in poverty. Mental illnesses were asked according to their appearance in the last 12 months, these were: anxiety disorder 6.5% (CI 95% 2.7-14.7) in displaced population, compared to 1.8% (CI 95% 1.1-3.1) in non-displaced; High score for post-traumatic stress was 13.2% (CI 95% 3.9-36.4) in displaced persons and 6.6% (CI 95% 4.0-10.7) in nondisplaced persons. Conclusions. Children affected by armed conflict have greater risk of presenting some mental illnesses such as anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress, evidencing the situation of vulnerability in which they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of Colombian scientific production, which SciELO has indexed in its citation index database. Some of the objectives were to determine the production volume and the degree of collaboration, to identify the most productive Colombian universities and determine whom the academic peers for scientific and technological research were in Colombia. The study analyzed 15302 documents published in 12 years. The study found a noticeable increase in production with a 0.75 degree of global collaboration. Public universities are the universities that most published highlighting Universidad Nacional y la Universidad de Antioquia. This work also confirmed an increase in international collaboration, especially, cooperation with countries in the Latin American region. Spain is Colombia's main academic partner. The study found unnoticeable increase in production with a 0.75 degree of global collaboration. Public universities are the universities that most published highlighting Universidad Nacional y la Universidad de Antioquia. This work also confirmed an increase an international collaboration, especially cooperation countries in the Latin American region. Spain is Colombia's main academic partner. There is the bias in pro of publications in Colombian magazines. The study confirm that Healthcare Sciences are the greatest nucleus scientific production in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is a high dependence in border areas of Colombia for the constant supply of petroleum fuels. The biofuels generation from low-cost biological fat materials, easy acquisition and minimizing environmental impacts, are research topics. The objective of this work, was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel derived from chicken fat, which is managed as agroindustrial waste of the transformation process in the poultry farms of the Sabana Sub Region, Nariño Department, Colombia. Chicken fat oil was evaluated to extraction, purification and transesterification processes by means of basic catalysis, using sodium hydroxide in an alcoholic phase of methanol. The results of the chicken fat biodiesel analysis comply with the stipulations of NTC 5444, with the exception of the viscosity parameter (7.5 mm2/s at 40 ºC), which is higher than the one established in the rule. Chicken fat is an alternative raw material in the production of conventional biodiesel in the same production areas, which meets the specifications of Colombian regulations according to NTC 5444, and could be used in any diesel combustion engine, with benefits like a lower sulfur content and contributing to the research for sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Assess the potential epidemiological and economic impact of vaccinating the over-15 Colombian population against tetanus with a booster dose every 10 years. Methods. A cost-effectiveness analysis of tetanus vaccination with a booster dose every 10 years was conducted in Colombia and compared with the current strategy (2, 4, 6, 18, and 60 months). Estimates of the burden of disease were based on three official data sources. A Markov model from the perspective of the third party payer was developed. The time horizon was the lifetime of a person. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results. In Colombia, 30 to 48 cases of tetanus resulting in 9.6 to 10.1 deaths are reported each year. Although booster vaccination for the entire population was cost-effective (the cost per disability-adjusted life year [DALY] avoided was US$ 11,314 in the entire population), gender-based differentiation of the results showed that it would not be cost-effective in women (cost per DALY avoided was US$ 4,903 in men and US$ 22,332 in women). Conclusions. This is the first study that evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a tetanus vaccine booster dose every 10 years in a developing country. Use of this measure would be cost-effective in Colombia, especially for men. As a result of the gender-based differences in the results, any decision about its use in women of childbearing age should take current vaccination into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: the purpose of the following study was to perform an epidemiological characterization of hospital-acquired Infections reported in a third level of complexity university hospital in Colombia, from January 2005- June 2009. Methods: we conducted an observational and descriptive study. Information regarding the occurrence of Hospital-Acquired Infections was initially obtained from the Hospital's Epidemiologic Surveillance Committee Databases, additional details of every patient were obtained from their respective clinical records. A descriptive analysis was conducted using measures of central tendency and percentages. Results: a total of 1 136 hospital-acquired infections occurring in 953 patients were included, for an overall risk of 2.2 infections per 100 hospital discharges. Most patients were female, 63.7%, with a median age of 37 years (IQR 21-60.3) and a median length of hospital stay of 11 (IQR 5-24) days. The most common infections, along with their relative frequencies, were: surgical site infections (25.9%), and urinary tract infections (16.3%). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were: Escherichia coli (27.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.1%). In general, we did not find that the increase in the number of beds was accompanied by an increase in the rate of nosocomial infections. Conclusion: nosocomial infections are relatively rare in the studied institution, when compared with similar institutions both nationally and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) in pregnant women during their 12th to 16th week of pregnancy in a prenatal clinic in Bucaramanga, Colombia. The resulting consequences of this condition include the development of pyelonephritis and/or premature delivery and low birth weight. A transverse study was undertaken using social and demographic information, GYN features, and urine culture results. The results showed that AB prevalence was at 7.8% and that it was most common among those who completed the least amount of schooling.