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El artículo presenta noticias que tratan de la economía latinoamericana. Se informa sobre una comisión colombo-ecuatoriana que estudia las posibilidades de integración de las zonas fronterizas de ambos países. Se anuncia que Chile es uno de los grandes exportadores de papel. Se habla de un remanente de 300.000 toneladas de trigo que tiene Uruguay para exportación.

In this article, the author discusses about foreign-loan guarantees and intertemporal substitution of investment in Texas and Chile. The investment booms were made possible by government guarantees on foreign loans extended to the economies. Government foreign-loan guarantees potentially are useful instruments for the fiscal management of financial losses suffered by banks and firms. If financial claims against domestic assets increase in riskiness as a result of an external shock, a problem of under-investment in an economy may occur. Although foreign-loan guarantees in the aftermath of an external shock encourage foreigners to lend to financially distressed banks and firms, this paper will explore the possibility that these loan guarantees may also distort an economy's macroeconomic adjustment by permitting a postponement of the liquidation process. Examples of financial collapse in Chile and Texas involved loan guarantees to external lenders of the domestic banking systems. Examples suggest that the stronger is the lender of last resort to a banking system, the greater will be the ability of the system to attract external funds in the aftermath of an external shock.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the advertising management planning process followed by the largest advertisers in Chile. Specifically, I studied the decisions that are framed on the model about the advertising planning process presented in this paper. An analysis was performed of the activities and responsibilities related to the advertising strategy and the activities to which advertisers allot the greatest amount of time: what advertising budgeting methods are used and which are the most important, what criteria are consdiered important when approving advertisements: what is the relative importance of various factors in media planning, and what testing and measurement techniques are used to determine advertising message effectiveness and how meaningful they are. In line with such purposes, a descriptive study was performed, for the first time in Chile, comprising the 109 largest advertiser in the country, getting a response rate of 56 percent, which represented 28 percent of the total advertising expenditures and 55 percent of the advertising expenditures of the sample frame. The result of the statistical test proved, in general, that the companies follow in their decisions the recommendations stated by the marketing theory, and that they do not show any significant differences among the three types of companies analyzed on the factors studied on each step of the advertising planning model. A key factor in the result was the fact that the companies directly relate advertising to sale. This is most clear in the analysis of how sales are present on activities receiving time and attention from the executives, in the advertising budgeting methods more used, or in the measurement of advertising effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper inquires into the capacity of Chilean unions to participate as collaborators in the modernization of labor relations at the level of firms. The content postulates that, if unions are to render an effective participation, previous organizational changes are required. The article extends into a deep analysis of the nature of such changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we empirically estimate the structure of the interest rates in Chile by using Nelson and Siegel 1987 parsimonious nonlinear specification. We work with daily yields from discount bonds of the Chilean government, which are traded at the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (Santiago Stock Exchange) during 1994-1997. Since the transactions of the instruments are unable to satisfactorily fill the spectrum of terms to maturity, the information is added, which implies performing monthly average estimates of the term structure for the 1994:01-1997:12 period. In agreement with the evidence from previous studies, the results in every month invariably confirmed descending spot curves with regard to the time to maturity, while forward curves always were below spot curves. According to the pure expectations theory, it is probable that much of this effect be due to the fact that current levels of the rates were above their steady state levels. Like other theories, the one on segmented markets also offers a commendable explanation for the persistent negativity of the term structure of interest rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within financial literature aimed at analyzing agency issues, a particularly interesting aspect of it corresponds to the conflict that arises between stockholders and bondholders. There is a fair amount of literature that dissects the different manifestations or outcomes that such a conflict might generate, as well as the possible ways of solving these, one of which is the use of covenants in debt contracts. This paper presents a discussion on the main features of the stockholder-bondholder conflict, a description of the regulatory framework of bond issuance in Chile and a clinical assessment of the characteristics of the covenants used in Chile, from 1987 to 2000, specially emphasizing of certain specific clauses in the Chilean debt market. This paper shows that the covenants most widely used in the Chilean Market, are those related to the claim dilution problem (83% of the contracts restrict the either financial policy or the capital structure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the loyalty and inheritance effects in the news program of the open television in Chile. The study uses data from the People Meter system to measures the loyalty and inheritance effects concepts for different television channels and different socio-demographic groups. The results of the study show significant differences in loyalty and inheritance effects across channels and socio-demographic groups. The paper represents a contribution, not only for this specific data set. It also gives a methodological contribution in the analysis of other data sets from the People Meter system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the capacity of the neural networks to forecast the sign of weekly variations of IPSA. Several architectures of neural networks were used over the time period between January 11th of 1999 to October 22th of 2001, being the Recursive Ward Network the one with the best performance, reaching an outsample predictive capacity of 72% and an outsample accumulate yield for the IPSA portfolio of a 24.42%. The Recurrent Recursive Jordan & Elman Network achieved a forecast ability of 64% and a return of 21.33%; while the AR(1,1) model obtained a return of 18.31% higher than the Ward Standard Network and Recursive MLP returns. Even though the first one had not statistical evidence of predictive capacity it would allow to conclude that a higher predictive capacity do not always implies higher yields. The Pesaran & Timmermann test (1992) gives evidence that the Recursive Ward Network and the Recurrent Recursive Jordan & Elman Network, in his recursive and standard version can forecast the index directional change for the chilean case. Also, this models could produce higher returns than AR(1,1) model. This result supports the conclusions of Leung, Daouk & Chert (2000) about the prediction of movements directions can give greater capital gains that the forecasting of clove values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was based on data collected from articles published by the Revista Geologica de Chile between 1974 and 1997, covering a period of 24 years. Strait count was adopted and therefore only senior authors were credited with full contribution to the production of an article. In this period, 178 authors were identified as publishing a total of 320 articles in this journal; 72% of them produced only one paper. The Least Square Method and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to verify the observed and expected values. At the 0.01 level of significance the critical value was found to be 0.1222 and the Dmax was 0.1063. Therefore, this literature did conform to the Lotka's law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main results from a descriptive-cross sectional study of burnout are reported in this paper. The study aimed to identify and describe the burnout phenomenon and the coping strategies used amongst elementary state school teachers in the San Joaquin district. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used in the data collection and analysis phases of the project. Maslach Burnout Inventory and COPE questionnaires were applied to 103 teachers. Teachers‘ opinions about the issue are reported, based on two focus groups. The results suggest a line of action to prevent the occurrence of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competence model has significant importance in human resources management. in many companies around the world. In Chile, competences were assumed as management strategy from 1995 and its implementation has been slow and progressive, waiting for an evaluation of its real results at companies. This paper describes competence model conceptualization as systemic and integrative human resources approach, its methodology of practical implementation and effects has shown over different human resources systems at Chilean companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the Ammophila arenaria in catching sediments. It was made by comparing sectors with dense vegetation cover and bare dunes (blowout), on foredunes at the central coast of Chile (38°05′S). Vertical sand traps were placed across transects at the beginning of the dune formation, and at the base and the top of the foredune, in order to determine the aeolian sediment transport rates. The results showed that in the windward slope with dense vegetation the sand grains were trapped and an insignificant amount (3%) advanced behind the dunes. On the other hand, on the blowout, the sand windblown increased exponentially to the top reaching values up to 447% with respect to those found at the base of the blowout. The great capacity of the Ammophila arenaria in catching sediments is verified and it considers that foredunes with dense covers of Ammophila arenaria are like true natural traps for the evaluation of aeolian sand transport rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper identifies contributions from the literature, novels and stories, for the study of human behaviour in organizations, specially for their use in educational activities. Antecedents are presented about the application of literary works in the social sciences and the field of organizations. It also reports on the use of Chilean stories in the education of professionals in Chile. The contributions from those stories are identified and commented. The paper reveals that novels and stories offer rich and varied contents for learning about human life in organizations particularly for educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Theoría: Ciencia, Arte y Humanidades is the property of Universidad del Bio-Bio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The location of forest plantations and related economic activities is one of the most relevant territorial transformations in Southern Chile. There are contradictory assessments about their benefits between different stakeholders and at national, regional or local geographical scales: This paper reviews the current territorial management in Collipulli commune, one of the areas most impacted by forestry, taking into consideration either the natural resources basis and the spatial organisation of settlements, land uses and accessibility, using geographical information systems. In terms of Environmental Stratetegical Assessment alternative scenarios of development have been prepared, optimizing land uses, accessibility and connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the project of construction of an industrial complex in the Rio Itata Valley, located in Bío-Bío Región, Ñuble Province, Ranquil Commune, Velenunque area, 54 kilometers North east from Concepción and 34 kilometers south west from Chillán. Ranquil commune or district, according to PNUD., is the least developed in the region and in the country. The proyect of "Empresa Celco Arauco y Constitución S.A." represents an initial investment of US $1.400.000. There is a strong opposition to the project because of the possible pollution that the complex might cause which would affect the sustainable development. However, the current country regulations have made the industrial project possible, this being a historical expectation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose a land use model based on geomorphological and ecological approaches on coastal dunes, in order to promote their rational use and conservation. The study area is located at the provincia de Arauco, Central Chile (37°40'S to 38°20'S) where the dunefields correspond to 41.5% of the entire coastal dunes in Chile. By means of background field studies and photointerpretation analysis there were identified geomorphic and ecological characteristics whose transformations resulted from the present management in the coastal dunefield. Also, based on geomorphic and ecological criteria, it is proposed a division area in three sectors. According to potential rates of wind blown sediments, the three sectors are qualified as for Conservation (South Sector), Stabilization (North Sector) or a combination of both (Central Sector). At the same time, these sectors are divided in small units, which were assigned for activities like forestation, stabilization, conservation, agriculture and grazing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high altitude peaks of the Andes were sacred to the Inca. High altitude sanctuaries were strung out along the Andes chain, with cerro El Plomo at the southernmost end of Inca territory, near present day Santiago, Chile. There, the frozen body of an Inca boy with numerous grave goods was discovered and purchased by the National Museum of Natural History, Santiago. In this paper we present the studies carried out in 1954, 1982 and 2003 by a multidisciplinary team aimed at examining the body, with particular reference to its conservation as well as the preservation of the clothing and grave goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Sociales is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The starting point of this article is the recognition that crisis is a constant when analyzing Latin America. This article asks how do political democracy and economic liberty interact in this region, considering that both are fundamental to development. After an analysis of Latin American diversity, the paper poses the question "Has the "end" of history reached Latin America with the liberal reforms in the region in the 1990s?", and concludes that the actual crisis is not due to a failure of the liberal model but rather to its limited application and lack of transparency. The paper ends with the suggestion that the region needs the "Chilean consensus", less orthodox than the Washington Consensus, but whose foundation is the transformation of the country's mentality, forming the base of its success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Complutense de Historia de América is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urbano is the property of Departamento de Planificacion y Diseno Urbano, Universidad del Bio-Bio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studied the United States import market for Chilean table grapes, with the objective of analyzing the competitiveness of Chile in this market. Using the LA/AIDS model (Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System), the import demand parameters were obtained for Chile, Mexico and the rest of the world (RDM). Quarterly data were used for import quantities, import values, and CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) prices for the period between the first quarter of 1989 and second quarter of 2002. Own price elasticity estimates indicated inelastic demand for all three countries with values of -0.79, -0.86, and -0.82, for Chile, Mexico, and RDM, respectively. Cross price elasticities between Chile and Mexico indicated significant substitution relationships, which was further supported by a partial elasticity of substitution equal to 0.51. Jointly these results showed that although Chile has a strong position in this market, Mexico has also positioned itself as a potential competitor in those quarters where both countries overlap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes a sociological essay based on a series of reflections, empirical observations and comprehensive interviews made since 2003 in the city of Santiago, both in relation to youth that practice the art of tattooing the bodies of other people (the offer), and several young urban actors who have accepted the option of altering their own bodies with tattoos (the demand), or ear and body piercing and other body modifications. In relation to this it is important to understand what a tattoo is, when this practice occurred historically, what significance is associated with this milenium desire to alter the body with indelible characters, and how or why this practice is appropriate in contemporary youth cultures in which on the one hand the tensions between massification of markings on the skin of youth and the industrialization of anatomical tracing, and on the other, the production of a lasting juvenile alter ego, where the sentiment of belonging to a group, the option for minority esthetics and the revindication of the body as radical territory for the reinvention of ones-self, makes one feel his own mechanical power and vibration on the epidermis of the city. Finally, only questions remain that serve as a pretext for advancing in a zig-zag tattoo in pale textures that today detain me and retain me a little, over the advance of other bodies that the city does not manage to contain fulfill them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the role of political organizations, the church, the state and labor unions in the leisure time of the workers in Northern Patagonia from the beginning of the 19"" century, up to the rise of peronismo. We discuss the strategies put into practice by such institutions, as related with the planning and consumption of their spare time. We also analyze each institution's interests, which went far beyond making themselves sure that the workers' could take better advantage of their leisure time. Far from that, these actors' actions were part of a wider strategy that could be combined with the one developed within the workers' world. In the case of political and labor unions' organizations, such actions were related with the spreading of ideas that could be useful to reinforce consciousness for class struggle, to build a new society and additionally, to strengthen trade union structures. The actions of the church, on the other hand, were oriented towards disciplining the working world, christianizing it, and indoctrinating catholic workers in a world of armonic relations between capital and labor and teaching them to reject alterations of the status quo and the workers' ways of participation typical of resistance societies. Finally, actions performed by the State attempted to control, regulate and discipline such workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Theoría: Ciencia, Arte y Humanidades is the property of Universidad del Bio-Bio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the determinants of investment in Chile from the microeconomic perspective, using a sampling data with 36 firms for 1992 to 2003. Applying panel data econometric techniques with alternative econometric methodologies, we concluded that the main idiosyncratic variables for investment were total assets, operational profits, liquidity, and the Tobin's Q. At macroeconomic level significant variables were interest rate and GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to offer an overview of higher education reforms in Chile from the 1980s to the present. With the political institutional bias of Augusto Pinochet's regime (1973-1990), a number of State reforms were implemented, being the legal changes in higher education organization one of them. The main characteristics of this model are a wide institutional differentiation, assessment procedures based on exams and accreditation, and diversification of funding sources for public higher education institutions, putting the emphasis on tuition fees (arancelamiento). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the past 25 years of evolution in Colombian and Chilean higher education, with a view to establishing tendencies. and development perspectives. University education normative themes were used from both countries because, to a certain degree, they are an indication of the evolution of higher education systems, characterized by the proliferation of institutions, increased coverage, and diversification in the variety or types of higher education institutions. Financing and the level of investigation are also examined. There leads on to an evaluation of the perspectives of change, especially related to the self-evaluation and accreditation processes being implemented by higher education institutions. The conclusions highlight some common points that could be used a starting point by future investigations of this phenomenon in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road crashes are a major source of transport externalities. Based on Jansson's road crashes model, this paper analyzes ways to internalize those externalities. Jansson's model is extended to analyze the effect of congestion and safety variables related to vehicle and infrastructure design on crash rates and severity. The model is then used to compute the cost of road crashes externalities in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last couple of decades, migratory movements in Chile have been minimal. Regions are far from achieving equality in per capita income, and migration has not been an equalizing force. Hence, there is marked persistence in regional inequity. This paper attempts to explain this lack of convergence. The main hypothesis is that there are some public policies that have an inhibiting effect over migration. In particular, the educational subsidies would act as an anchoring element. Using an enlarged version of the Harris and Todaro Model (1970) we conclude that in effect the "in school" food subsidy given by the Ministry of Education (for over 40 years) a powerful deterrent of migration between regions in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates the residential outage cost in Chile's Central Interconnected System (SIC), using consumer's willingness to pay for energy. We first estimate the cost of reducing energy consumption efficiently, that is only the less valuable kWh (as indicated by the market demand curve) are rationed. Then we estimate the per-kWh cost of rationing by cutting off service. We find that the outage cost varies considerably depending on the length of the rationing period; and on how energy is rationed. Longer restrictions allow users to adjust more, and hence are cheaper. Similarly, we estimate that rationing efficiently is between two and six times cheaper than rationing by cutting off service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the CASEN survey, this paper analyzes the evolution of gender wage discrimination in Chile over the period 1990-2003. The methods of Oaxaca-Blinder and Oaxaca and Ransom were implemented to investigate whether there is wage discrimination. The estimations were corrected using selection bias and bootstrapping techniques were used to construct intervals of confidence. The results suggest that although gender wage discrimination decreased during the period, it still remained and issue. In fact, in 2003 this was around 27.5%, which corresponds to an average under-payment to women of 14.3%, and to an average over-payment to payment to men of 13.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the bias due to non observable factors in the estimating of return to schooling for the case of Chile. Using the data from the Casen Survey panel 1996-2001, we estimate a difference model. We find a return to schooling around 9%, which is 2 to 5 percents points lower than found in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a study which analyzes attitudes and orientations of a group with growing significance in Chilean politics: people who do not identify with political parties or coalitions. The study was organized around a set of hypotheses derived from Social Identity Theory and previous research on generalized political attitudes. Participants of the study were university students in Santiago (N=1460), who answered a self-administered questionnaire. Results confirmed that those who are politically disengaged tend not to identify with other collective referents: the nation or religion. Their political attitudes are also distinctive: in comparison with people who identify with political parties or coalitions, their political cynicism is higher and their sense of political efficacy is lower. The political tolerance and authoritarianism of this group was significantly different from the levels exhibited by participants identified with right-wing parties and coalitions. Their support for democracy was intermediate as compared to that showed by left-wing and right-wing participants. In general, this group exhibits a clear retraction from basic referents of social identity and social integration. The paper concludes recommending longitudinal studies which can help establishing and characterizing the identity transitions that lead to political disaffection in Chilean politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constitutes a sociological essay based on a series of reflections, empirical observations and comprehensive interviews made since 2003 in the city of Santiago, both in relation to youth that practice the art of tattooing the bodies of other people (the offer), and severa young urban actors who have accepted the option of altering their own bodies with tattoos (the demand), or ear and body piercing and other body modifications. In relation to this it is important to understand what a tattoo is, when this practice occurred historically, what significance is associated with this millennium desire to alter the body with indelible characters, and how or why this practice is appropriate in contemporary youth cultures in which on the one hand the tensions between massification of markings on the skin of youth and the industrialization of anatomical tracing, and on the other, the production of a lasting juvenile alter ego, where the sentiment of belonging to a group, the option for minority esthetics and the revindication of the body as radical territory for the reinvention of ones-self, makes one feel his own mechanical power and vibration on the epidermis of the city. Finally, only questions remain that serve as a pretext for advancing in a zig-zag tattoo in pale textures that today detain me and retain me a little, over the advance of other bodies that the city does not manage to contain fulfill them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the argument that the educational systems in Latin American were inefficient, international politic and financial organizations promoted reforms to modernize the educational system in the region, using a free market logic. Chile was used as a laboratory for those reforms, which afterwards were applied to other Latin American countries. This paper analyses the argument that educational quality would be improved through competitiveness as a strategy to privatize the educational system by transferring its financing form public to private sources to the detrimental of the national system of education. Finally, this paper examines the modernization process and failure of the Mexican system of education organized from a free market model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1830 and 1835 some leaders of Mendoza and San Juan, wine industry oriented provinces, attempted to withdrawal from Argentina Republic, and come back to Chile such as in colonial times. During more than two centuries, Mendoza and San Juan were members of Cuyo Province in Chile's Kingdom. This situation changed since 1776 because the creation of the River Plate Viceroyalty. After Revolution of 1810, Mendoza and San Juan took part of Argentina Republic. But some years after the independence, a group discontented with de action and decision of Buenos Aires government begun the action oriented to secession. This paper explores the socioeconomic reasons and motivation of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state-space approach gives an unified representation for a wide range of time series models, such as ARIMA family, time regression models, linear dynamic models. An important model that could be expressed in state-space form is the structural time series model, in which the series are formed by components that have a direct interpretation. These components are trend, season and cycle. The idea is to estimate every component separately together with the parameters of the model, based on the information data collected from the observations. In this paper we use a structural approach in order to isolate and evaluate the trend and seasonal components for unemployment behavior in every province of the Bío-Bío Region, in the context of the present controversy about unemployment dynamic behavior. From our trend component analysis we concluded that there is a high vulnerability of the region when it is struck by external issues. From our seasonal component analysis we concluded that there is a phase shift in seasonal peaks among provinces. This information may be relevant for policy makers when they want to influence on the employment dynamic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to be an aproximation to the characteristics and variations that the family has experimented in the Araucania Region to beginning for century 20th , it agree to analysis about two fundamentals variables: marriage and divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that the style used by a supervisor to manage his/her subordinates determines the organizational climate perceived by the latter. At the same time literature argues that organizational climate perceptions affect the work performance of the subordinates. Most of this research has been conducted with samples of managers from North America and Europe. Nevertheless employee management tends to be highly determined by the characteristics of local culture. This paper presents the results of a study about the managerial styles used by a sample of Chilean managers and its relationship to the organizational climate perceived by their subordinates. Two measures of managerial styles perceptions are used to predict the subordinate's organizational climate perceptions. These results are discussed in consideration of previous literature, local results are compared to those obtained in other cultures, and findings are discussed in relation to local work culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Gerenciales is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academia: Revista Latinoamericana de Administración is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the evidence of non-linearities in the reaction function of the Central Bank of Chile as it relates to its final objective, inflation, and/or to its intermediate objectives defined by the monetary policy transmission channels. The study uses the flexible approach to non-linear inference proposed by Hamilton (2001), which allows the estimation of non-linear functions by using the data to determine the specific form of the non-linearity to be adopted instead of making any prior assumption of a particular functional form. It is observed that even though the Central Bank's response is linear in relation to the deviations of the inflation rate from its target, there is evidence of non-linearities with respect to the business cycle. Contrary to previous studies, in particular Corbo (2002), the current account gap does not have any predictive role in the reaction function for the period being analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the different uses that the verb "cachar" has acquired in Chilean colloquial Spanish, and tries to explain these uses within the framework of the linguistic notions of polysemy, language functions, and speech registers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Gerenciales is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new Penal Code Bill in Chile initiated a public and parliamentary debate regarding which social conflicts should be punished and which should be excluded from the criminal system. The struggle to impose a particular discourse on criminality is a critical issue under the current criminal-political setting. This paper discusses the discriminatory liberal criminal model which, on the one hand, legitimizes the enforcement of the criminal system over underprivileged classes and on the other, displaces specific social conflicts by means of the powerful classes' exclusion discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]