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Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reduction of social vulnerability to disaster risk as a process of political management is presented with high criticality in all areas of application, therefore, the article seeks to determine -through heuristic documentation-guidelines related to management of risks in the face of natural and anthropogenic disasters, which allow minimizing the impact and effects on the social and economic spheres, while building resilience in the communities. Sometimes, the political and technological capacities of governance do not assume risk management from a preventive perspective, rather reactive, therefore, from this research a perspective is proposed from four cosmogonic dimensions: risk identification, management and monitoring, mitigation actions and response capabilities in the event of an event. Finally, it is considered that the good practices of public management complemented with the capacities of the business sector promote social resilience to disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters are phenomena associated with various factors, among which the strictly climatological ones and those accentuated by human intervention stand out. They signify a break in the social, community and individual order that, in addition to altering daily life, exposes human vulnerability, intensified through economic changes caused by unforeseen events. Therefore, focused on the hermeneutic-documentary method, the article analyzes the impact of natural disasters, articulating qualitative factors that impact the population, the environment and the community. From a philosophical point of view, it is intended to stimulate theoretical reflection, to give a more human and humanizing perspective, aimed at an inclusive, critical environmental education, based on the principles of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under conditions of climate change, the main objective was to determine the vulnerability and risk assessment due to the activation of San Idelfonso torrent, Trujillo, La Libertad-Peru. Hydrological and topographic maps were made by using raster information and ArcGis 10.4 software, the methodology was based on technical-scientific studies of CENEPRED. Through the matrices of vulnerability in the social, economic and environmental areas. The weighted values found as following: El Porvenir district 0.260, Trujillo district 0.179 and Victor Larco district 0.179, corresponding to very high and high vulnerability indices respectively. It is relevant that on the Peruvian coast, especially the northern zone, there are heavy rains, increase the temperature in sea water and environment during the El Niño event, causing damage to the population, infrastructure, loss agricultural activity and the economy general which corresponding to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes are adverse natural events that generate human losses and material damage. The aim of the study was to analyze seismicity and risk perception in the Department of Ica, Peru. The city of Pisco was selected because of the seismic event that occurred on August 15, 2007. By means of random probability sampling, 10 houses at a distance of 1 km from each other and close to the coastline were selected for the vulnerability analysis. A survey was administered to one member of the household, corresponding to four of the 10 dwellings and the resident population’s manifestation of seismic risk and housing vulnerability was analyzed. The Likert scale indicated that the knowledge of the population according to the questionnaire was not very relevant and the results were reliable, since the interpretative consistency of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.7.When applying the SWOT matrix for the vulnerability analysis, it was observed that the criteria of order, mobility and dependence were in the conflict quadrant, which could be interpreted as the presence of unfamiliar conditions and technical condition of the buildings in unfavorable conditions. It is concluded that the population does not have perception of risk in the face of adverse natural events such as earthquakes. They have not received training or orientation on the vulnerability of their homes to act in the event of a probable occurrence. The technical construction conditions of the houses do not meet earthquake resistance requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses increasing risk conditions in societies, based on growing vulnerability of preexisting perilous scenarios. We undertook a participative diagnostic analysis of risks and community strategies regarding disasters in two rural locations in Pijijiapan, Chiapas. Results demonstrate the perception of risk, social conflicts that derive thereof, intervention strategies of key actors and the general population, and governmental responsibility for overall well-being and development, in tandem with relevant institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses, from a review of the local press, the repercussions of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami of August 13, 1868 on the public opinion of the province of Tarapacá. The article describes how a series of political, social, and economic problems that existed before the earthquake resulted in the idea that behind the impact of a natural hazard there was, strictly speaking, another type of disaster that was much broader and profound, referring to the condition of structural vulnerability linked not only to the complex situation that Perú was experiencing in those years because of a deep tax and financial crisis, but also the weak presence of the State in the southernmost province of the country. This situation mainly affected the port of Iquique as a result of its accelerated and uncontrolled urban growth driven by the expansion of saltpeter mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes the main issues presented and discussed at the Internacional Conference Florence 1966-2016 Resilience of art cities to natural catastrophes: the role of Academies, held in Rome in October 2016, commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Florence flood. Approaches were vary and multidisciplinary. Normal standards are not appropriate for sites of patrimonial values. Debates were referred to the position to be assumed facing monuments reconstruction, tolerable risk and acceptable damage, preparation for disaster, differences between developed and developing countries, as well as contraposition between heritage preservation and ecology. At the end, the "Chart of Rome about resilience of cities to natural catastrophes" was presented and signed, as the final declaration of the Conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventec and the Geography school, both of the University of Costa Rica, joined efforts to make a comprehensive analysis of vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic hazards in the canton (county) Santo Domingo de Heredia. To do this, 27 indicators of vulnerability were evaluated in order todetermine the most vulnerable areas of the canton. The work was carried out because there are threats that have caused severe damage to human settlements in Santo Domingo but an estimate of vulnerableelements in this canton has never been done. This research aims to identify the most vulnerable zones and focus the efforts on them to reduce the susceptibility of the population to the impact of the hazards. To meet the goal, an index of vulnerability of value between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most value from vulnerability, was computed in every minimum geostatistics unit (UGM) of Santo Domingo. Then, the critical areas were plotted on a map. The results suggest the Santo Domingo is a canton of low vulnerability and that the critical areas are constrained to flooding zones where the human settlements have significant physical exposure and low economic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desacatos is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban vulnerability related to risks, natural disasters and global weather change had readdressed the development and sprawl of our cities. The records of impacts and loses, particularly related to human lives, are evidences of magnitude and effects on human population, and some 254 millions of inhabitants are affected per year by an average of 250 disasters on the world every year. This article is particularly focused on Dichato, in the council of Tomé, Biobío region, Chile; and is taken as case study to analyze the plans, programs and actions that made possible the community actions that also made the people more aware of the tsunami effects. This locality is more resilient today and has a better quality of life after the earthquake and tsunami that devastated its urban area in February 27th 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is aimed to discuss the concept of resilience, in order to assess its heuristic interest when applied to urban vulnerability studies. The word resilience is everywhere in rethorical speech, whether in international declarations, public policies or academic research about urban risks and disasters. This article discusses the notion of resilience, in order to understand its origins and explain its underlying ideological features. At the same time, the concept of resilience raised some very interesting theoretical issues in the scientific field, as well as active debates in the social and political spheres of public policY making. Beyond the local capacity building issue, the heurisitc benefits brought by this concept of resilience for urban risk analysis comes from its complex systems theory roots. Thus, it's possible to draft new approaches, along with conceptual pilars that help in Understanding The vulnerability of large urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the risks in which cities are exposed to -specially those towns located near the littoral- is one of the biggest challenges faced by the human race in the XXI century. The article contributes to enhance the knowledge on this subject by evaluating urban vulnerability of coastal settlements of the littoral of Santiago de Cuba Bay, when faced with anthropic and natural threats. The Rosales B.'s methodology was used for assessing urban vulnerability. This methodology was adapted to the specific conditions of the territory, providing a new stage of study. Vulnerability assessment allowed asserting that out of the seven zones under study, three are classed with high vulnerability, three with moderate vulnerability and one with levels of low vulnerability. The different options that must be considered to lessen the vulnerability of coastal settlements are stated as another result of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city is a container of hazards that have arisen as a result of the coexistence of people and the relationship between man and nature. In the case of Santiago de Chile, it is possible identify four stages, where the relationship between the physical development of the metropolis and the importance that society gives to the distinction between risk and danger can be observed. This text discusses the first two stages: 1541-1850 and 1850-1930. In both periods, main threats that affected the city are identified, highlighting the factors and actors that contributed to its development and how they were explained and discussed by society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the economic consequences of various crises that have affected Chile over the past century, including the Crisis del Salitre, the Great Depression of the 1930s, and the current global financial crisis which began in 2008. Manners in which events such as the Chilean earthquake of 2010 affect the economic policy of Chile are outlined.

The NOA presents, historically, manifestations of seismic movements that, in several opportunities, have hit of catastrophic way in different populations from the same. This work aims to collect and to analyze the data available on the historical and instrumental seismicity of the region in order to explain its strong seismic danger. The historical-geographic investigation allowed the preparation of a chronological picture of the earthquakes registered in the NOA and of a cartography of regional seismic intensity of value VI and greater in the EMM. They made possible to determine the proportions the high degree of seismic danger that also affects to the region and the potential occurrence of future socio-naturals disasters by earthquakes based on the different situations from physical, structural and socioeconomic vulnerability that presents the population of the NOA and its installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work addresses the manifestation of natural disasters associated with weather-related threats to Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The article begins by discussing the elements involved in shaping a natural disaster. Then, it examines how natural disasters are part of the process of the so-called social construction of risk. Next, it explains the role of intense rainfall as a historical detonator of risk scenarios in Tijuana. Finally, we present climatic variability as the cause of future disasters. The article concludes that intense rainfall can increase vulnerability and cause disasters, the impacts of which will become more and more grave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of cataclysms such as earthquakes, avalanches, tsunamis, hurricanes, among other, constitutes a natural threat for human beings, but human beings are the ones who transform threats into disastrous contingencies. The fight against disasters caused by the men and women who inhabit the earth is the battle for the achievement of a safe and prevention-conscious culture, respectful of the natural environment and of the quality of the constructed environment. That culture evolves from the resistance of the population, and from adequate education, and the preparation to face contingencies before, during and after they occur. The decisive goal Is to save lives and property, and to recover the facilities or possibilities for life and work, correcting the flaws and vices before contingencies occur. In the development of this culture the role of the educational, academic and scientific communities Is key, as well as the Just evaluation of the resilience of the society, as a key element in studies of the vulnerability of human settlements. This paper deals with some of the efforts attributable to the aforementioned actors, particularly to that of public universities, within the framework of the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2014, declared by the United Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tsunamis are big waves in the sea originated by deep perturbations of the seafloor. Costa Rica's Pacific coast present a bigger risk in tsunami's events than the Caribbean coast, meanwhile also exposed to big earthquakes. Fifteen tsunamis happened in Costa Rica since 1539. Ten in the Pacific and five in the Caribbean coast. The most recent, in 1991 was the big earthquake of Limon . The knowledge of this phenomena able us to prepare a civic plan of prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the topic of national disasters in Mexicali, Baja California. It discusses the importance of studying disasters on a worldwide scale and the methods for dealing with disasters in Mexico. This work analyzes the urban risk and vulnerability to intense storms and earthquakes. It concludes that earthquakes are more frequent than storms in Mexicali. The article also addresses some gaps in legislation, especially at the state level, in regard to civil defense for the prevention, mitigation, and management of natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some problems are analyzed that should still receive bigger attention with regard to the preventive measures in the constructions, with a view to limiting the negative effects of the natural events. The analysis takes like base the affectations happened in the county of Pinar del Río. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]