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In recent decades, at the same time that the problems of women and diversity in relation to entry and permanence in the labor market have gained visibility, gender and diversity issues have occupied a relevant place on the public agenda. In this framework, this work aims to know and analyze the gender and diversity policies implemented in national public companies in Argentina. This is an exploratory and descriptive study where regulations, documents and public information on the development and implementation of policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities in national public companies were surveyed. Specifically, this paper presents a systematization of the surveyed actions, their link with current regulations and ministerial authorities, and the presence of heterogeneity of actions carried out in the different companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial inequality associated with the location of population and activities, access to infrastructure and services, employment and material living conditions, is a historical reality in Latin America. This phenomenon has accompanied the demands of successive development models, and since the mid-twentieth century it has begun to be recognised in its full complexity with the installation of developmentalist governments. As a result, various public policies were adopted that failed to have a significant impact on these inequalities or to address their social consequences. Given the need to reformulate approaches, optimise resources and overcome obstacles in the implementation of public policies, this paper seeks to analyse the policies on the government agenda in Argentina from the change of management materialized at the end of 2019, identifying the limitations, achievements and potentialities of the policies proposed in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico and their effects on territorial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the discursive links between macrismo and neoliberal governments in recent Argentina (1989-2001). Through a joint approach of the accumulation model, the political language, the social and institutional practices and the social imaginaries, it analyses the continuities, innovations and gradual transformations of the Cambiemos alliance in relation to the governments of Menem and De la Rúa. In this framework, the paper contributes to the study of neoliberalism and discursive constructions of these governments to build legitimacy, in comparative perspective. In the last part, it explores on the limits of Macri's government to build a successful hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of scientific and technological developments in the well-being of current societies is fundamental at a political, economic and social level (Albornoz, 2012). However, not all governments perceive science and technology policies as a priority. Indeed, many neoliberal governments, mainly in developing Latin American countries, tend not to recognize this role, developing public policies that undermine the desirable development of scientific and technological research and its application. Such is the case of government management for the 2015-2019 period, which, as will be seen in the next few pages, defunded and dismantled the National Science and Technology System (Filmus, 2019). This paper will reflect on the public policies of said management regarding satellite technological development, in contrast to the policies promoted by the previous government. In the first place, the social value of scientific and technological development and public science and technology policies will be made explicit. Then, an overview will be given of the way in which these policies have been developed in the period 2003-2019. Finally, the ARSAT case will be analyzed and contextualized in said panorama, by virtue of accounting for the importance of the implementation of state public policies linked to technological development, in this particular case to the construction of geostationary satellites for telecommunications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community-based modality is consolidating as a way of organizing tourism in rural areas, although its conceptualization and implementation is diverse. The State has a relevant role in the promotion, planning and extension of tour-ism in a territory. For this reason, we are interested in analyzing how the notions of community tourism are constructed -and regulated- from public policies based on regulatory frameworks. Thus, this paper analyzes the course of the institutionalization of community tourism in Argentina based on its existing national and provincial legislation. As a result, we observe a diversity of ways to define rural tourism and the participation of communities based on what is meant by rural tourism and which sectors of the communities are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the State in Argentina in the last three decades, based on oil policies, in order to understand its different transformations. The 90s were characterized by an abrupt referential change in the role of the state but especially in the productive and regulatory capacity on hydrocarbons. Despite of the neoliberal paradigm crisis on the beginning of the new millennium, energy policies on hydrocarbons still maintained the previous referential sector strategies. From the analysis of documentary sources and quantitative data, this paper aims to demonstrate how oil policy remains managed by market forces despite the fact that 51 % of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) shares were purchased by the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than twenty years, Latin American countries have faced the challenge of generating policies that support the universalization and democratization objectives of the secondary school level, guaranteeing the access, permanence and graduation of young people. Within this context, in Argentina, several regulations and actions focused on secondary school and young people of school age have been developed in recent years, including some aimed at revising the curriculum mesh. This paper presents some advances in two research projects in development. One of them analyses the construction process of the Curriculum Design for Secondary Education in the Province of Buenos Aires (2005-2010), and the other studies the creation of secondary education offers in disadvantaged areas within the framework of a project promoted by the Ministry of National Education between 2014 and 2015. The paper aims to provide a theoretical framework for the understanding of the decisionmaking processes in curriculum policy and to present some key questions about the way in which the characteristics of these processes could put a strain on the meaning of the curriculum changes that are intended to be implemented, at the level of educational systems and at the level of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elderly are part of a society defined by technology acceleration, communication and information. These transformations happen at a rapid pace, making a big impact in the life of senior citizens. Our premise is to consider older people as active subjects in full exercise of their rights, to whom digital inclusion is also a part of social inclusion. The objective of this paper is, on the one hand, to carry out a content analysis of the policies implemented in Argentina regarding digital inclusion, including: level of coverage and survey of possible existing gaps. On the other hand, data from a national survey on access to resources and use of information and communication technologies by the elderly are analyzed. The conclusions show that there are significant gaps in both access to resources and frequency of use. Regarding national public policies on the subject, we observed that the pandemic showed that there was no strategic plan for the achievement of a policy of inclusion of the elderly in the new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Argentina, the export sector has historically been an alternative to develop the domestic economy, and/or a channel to access new markets and generate complementarities within the productive structure. Since the beginning of the 21st century, given the transformations in the world trading system, exports not only have represented between a fifth and a quarter of GDP, but they have also been a fundamental determinant of long-term growth, increasing the inflow of foreign currency and contracting the external restriction. In this paper, we demonstrate that in 2014 and 2015 the Program of Increase and Diversification of Exports (PADEx, for its acronym in Spanish) was a public policy tool, in response to the fall of the sales of goods abroad. We study the case because it is a program designed with informed criteria, and in which different agencies of the state participated, whose results were not as projected. The PADEx is useful to reflect on the limitations of the export promotion policies and their effectiveness, especially in the case of short-term scenarios, with macroeconomic problems --such as external, fiscal and relative price imbalances--, and when fiscal and monetary policies, previously fixed, are oriented to other goals. Our study is structured from the analysis of the stages of construction and development of public policy, based on official statistics and documentation related to program issued by different state agencies. First, we make a diagnosis about the export situation, that is, we examine the context in which the PADEx was built. Second, we explain its planning and implementation processes between 2014 and 2015. Third, we carry out an ex post evaluation according to known results. Finally, we propose a reflection on the limitations of public policies to promote exports in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the modalities of organization and the collective demands made in recent years by the indigenous population of the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (Argentina). In order to do so, it addresses the process of participation of the new ethnic leaderships in local government through the case of the La Coordinación de Pueblos Originarios de Almirante Brown. The paper explores the strategies, the underlying logic, and the decisions that contributed to the processes of ethnopolitical participation in the structure of the contemporary Argentina state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, renewable energies have become increasingly important at the global level, with a significant impact on the sustainable development of various nations. Although multiple papers have examined the efficiency of policies and instruments to promote renewable energy sources, the majority have disregarded the fact that the context in which policies are implemented determines how well they perform. This paper analyzes renewable energy development in the electricity market in Argentina, paying special mind to the contextual conditions in which the policies were designed and finding that in recent history, it is precisely these conditions that constitute the main reason why renewable energies have such a low degree of penetration in the electrical power system in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the first year of government of Mauricio Macri, leader of the Cambiemos coalition. His victory in 2015 over the candidate of the incumbent Front for Victory marked a turning point in the country’s politics. We present the main political, social and economic events of the year and outline the fundamental positions of the new government in relation to these fields. We show the tensions of this center-right reorientation currently unfolding in Argentina, based on a vision of managerial modernization of politics and the state and controlled economic deregulation. We also explain how this project must deal with economic imbalances and social-structural conflicts, in addition to governing with a parliamentary minority and without control of most of the provincial governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core idea of this paper is to analyse the development levels of regulations, public policies and of application ́s authorities' suitability in connection with planted forests at the Centre and Pata- gonian regions in Argentina. This is an exploratory research, where legal hermeneutics and envi-ronmental PER indicators were applied. We can conclude that provincial regulations development levels are not even, and that the majority of regulations and of public policies are focused on fi xing economic incentives in order to take advantage of market ́s effect, without focusing on an overall forests ecosystem protection, and that application ́s authorities are not technically suitable for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to integrate mobility as across component of the management of specific public actions. The case of study concerns the public health services in Argentina, and mother's mobility conditions in the suburban of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. In terms of methodology, the paper working on the concept of access trying to identify, measure and evaluate the relationship between mobility conditions and maternal health care. Access is weighted according to the realization of health services, and not according to the arrival at the places where they are offers. The result is innovative empirical evidence, useful as an indicator to make more relevant the role of mobility within the public agenda of transport and others specific sectors, asa basic social right behind the access that requires coordinated actions and cross-sectoral approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I propose to address the treatment of international migration by the State. In order to do so, I analyze public policies which do not focus on the subject but which impact strongly on the foreign population. Thus, I seek to shed light on logics which may obviate and/or contradict the ones established in migration laws. Such logics become evident when research is conducted from the social and symbolic margins of the State, working with a broad conceptualization of public policies. I exemplify the contributions made by this perspective with the analysis of four policies implemented by the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 2004 and 2014 in the Parque Indoamericano Villa Soldati, area with one of the highest percentages of migrant population residing in this city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opening of the Materials Testing Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Works of Buenos Aires Province (LEMOP), first of its kind in Argentina, was preceded by the long journey of its future Director throughout the United States of North America in order to study the best practices of similar institutions to be applied in the local organization and facilities still in building process. According to current entrepreneurial benchmarking techniques, the experience was repeated two years later in anticipation of LEMOP reformulation as Materials Testing Laboratory and Technological Research (LEMIT), this time visiting Brazilian institutions well known because of their close interaction with productive sector. Present paper describes these initiatives absolutely innovative for the Argentinean environment, as well as the further adaptations of the learning achieved for better fulfill institutional mission and main objectives: turning research activity into a professional one, persuing excellence in human resources training and providing assistance to the national industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to the current debate on (regional) development. It suggests that regionalist analyses and policies have turned a blind eye to certain dynamics that influence the performance of regional spaces. Based on a case study of Argentina (2001-2014) in a region that produces agricultural machinery (AM), we propose to make progress in opening up a more introspective view of the regionalist approach, considering: a) the role of the region-building process in the broader national and macro-political project, b) a description of certain extra-local factors that stimulated technological change and improved the regional demand for AM and c) a description of actions taken by the national State to promote the regional economic regeneration of AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opposition between the categories of shantytown and neighborhood has been crucial in the disciplinary analyses of popular habitat in Argentina. The urbanization of a shantytown in Great Buenos Aires enables us to refresh this discussion, setting the categories into motion. The ethnographic analysis of the category of neighborhood in the urbanization of Villa Torres (La Matanza) will help to explore how this shantytown is constructed as “emblem" for public policies, receiving various resources. In fact, this paper will analyze how the urbanization is legitimized through an image of the neighborhood, of the urbanization and of the people in charge of it as “gente del barrio" [people from the neighborhood] in order to show how local knowledge is implied in this public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes and analyzes the performance of the Regional Planning Council of Higher Education (CPRES for its acronym in Spanish) since the enactment of Law 24.521/95 until 2011. Part of a socio-political and institutional perspective of public policy, integrates two approaches, and applies this view to examining the Buenos Aires region in the Province of Buenos Aires. The Buenos Aires region represents, together with the metropolitan area, one of the areas with the highest population and economic activity in Argentina. Furthermore, it gathers over a third of the colleges that make up the country's total supply. Documentary sources and interviews to key informants from academic, technical and political fields who took part on the Reform Program of Higher Education in 1995 were analyzed. It was concluded that the Regional Planning Council of Higher Education is established as an structure of an intermediate level of authority with legal and institutional powers to plan, coordinate, and regulate the processes of development and implementation of public policies in the backdrop of a complex and high systemic institutional differentiation. However, it still fails to become effective implementation authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on achievements of the expansion policies in Latin American universities, focusing on their strengths and the grey areas that can limit their democratizing effects. From a theoretical viewpoint, outlines of the concept of democratization will be examined, acknowledging diverse meanings and approaches. This theoretical construction will be applied to analyze the cases of Argentina and Brazil. The working hypothesis poses the existence of a certain cut back in the democratizing scope of these policies, which implies that, although new social groups have access to a college education, this situation does not always translate into reducing social inequalities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents partial results obtained during a research program developed between Universidad Nacional del Sur and Bahia Blanca Council at Buenos Aires province, Argentina. It was titled "Building the field of children at risk in policymaking at Bahia Blanca city". The main purpose was to characterize the way children in social risk are being defined inside the everyday life of state institutions, specifically those dependents on education and health care system. This presentation analyzes the fist type. At primary schools, children at risk are conceptualized by both adults and children, in their ongoing relationships, during socialization and identity process. These processes are being development in vulnerability areas that point to exclusion systems, because of the material conditions of life and the characteristic of the institutions that adults build daily. The presented data come from the ethnographic exploration in the districts of Villa Miramar and Bella Vista. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]